anatomy test 1
coronoid process of the ulna
(when the elbow is bent) coronoid fossa of the humerus receives the...
olecranon process of the ulna
(when the elbow is straightened) olcranon fossa of the humerus articulates with the ...
intramembranous, endochondral
2 types of ossification
red, yellow, gelatinous
3 types of bone marrow
lateral and medial condyles of the tibia
the rounded lateral and medial condyles of the femur articulate with the concave...
long, short, irregular flat
4 shapes of bones
osteo...-genic, -blasts, -cytes, -clasts
4 types of bone cells
ulna
forearm bone involved in formation of elbow joint
radius and ulna
forearm bones
ossification
formation of bones is called
osteocytes
former osteoblasts that have become trapped in the matrix they have deposited
primary ossification center
forms one tissue. located at the end of the cartilaginous
secondary ossification center
forms spongy bone...bone cells enlarge. located in the epiphysis
osteoblasts
found lining endosteum and inner lining of periosteum
osteoclasts
grown-ups
calcitonin and PTH
have opposite affects (antagonistic)
glenoid cavity of the scapulae
head of the humerus articulates with the...
capitulum humerus and radius notch of the ulna
head of the radius articulates with the ....
radius
head of the ulna articulates with the...
metacarpals
heads of these bones form the knuckles
osteoblasts
help mineralize the bone
red marrow
hemopoetic tissue-produces erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), thrombocytes (platelets)
osteoporosis
holes in your bones
osteocytes
live in lacunae
thyroid
located under your larynx
endochondral
long bones are this type of formation
yellow
non-active marrow
glenoid cavity
socket in the scapula for the arm bone
osteogenic
some differentiate into osteoblasts
vertebrae, sacrum, jaw
example of an irregular bone
tibia
the head of the fibula articulates with the...
atlas
the occipital condyles articulate with the facet of the ...
hormones
___ are chemical signals sent out in the bloodstream to trigger events to occur
calcium
___ is secreted in urine
calcium
____for nerve and muscle contraction, platelet formation
spongy
___bone tissue forms trabecuale in all directions
endochondral
___ossification form most other bones including the long bones
red
active marrow
the physiology (job) of the bone
anatomy of the long bone helps understand...
epiphyseal plate
another name for growth plate
coronoid fossa
anterior depression; superior to the trochlea; receives part of the ulna when the forearm is flexed
connective tissue
appears at the sites of future bones
osteogenic
arise from emybronic fibroblasts
humerus
arm bone
osteoblasts
become the builders
osteogenic
beginning, baby cells
osteoclasts
bone dissolving cells found on the bone surface (they can move!!)
osteoblasts
bone forming cells that synthesize the organic matter of the bone matrix
clavicle and scapula
bones composing the shoulder girdle
phalanges
bones of the fingers
carpals
bones of the wrist
scapula and sternum
bones that articulate with the clavicle
osteoblasts
builders, teenagers
electrolytes
calcium (Ca+2) and phosphorous (PO4-3)
inorganic composition of bone matrix
calcium and phosphate are pulled out of the bloodstream and crystalized into calcium phosphate once in the presence of osteoblasts
nerve signals, muscle function, blood clotting
calcium is important in these processes
lacunae
cavity the cell resides in
haversian canal
channel where the blood vessels (arteries and veins) and nerves travel
skull, hips, vertebrae, sternum
common places for red marrow to be located in an adult
clavicle
commonly called the collarbone
loose connective tissue
contains fibroblasts (cells that secrete collagen)
osteocytes
destroyers
osteocytes
detect mechanical stress on a bone and communicate this to osteoblasts at the surface. osteoblasts then deposit bone where needed. ____ signal ____ to remove bone when needed
osteogenic cells
develop from loose connective tissue
trochlea
distal medial process of the humerus; joins the ulna
4 parathyroid glands
embedded in the surface of the thyroid
cartilaginous
endochondral ossification process begins with this model that resembles the shape of the bones to come
frontal
example of a flat bone
femur
example of a long bone
carpal, tarsal
example of a short bone
osteon
large circular pattern where cells are places in layers called lamellae
kidney
low blood calcium levels reduce calcium resorption here by urinating
bones
low blood calcium levels stimulate calcium deposition in ___
calcitonin
lowers calcium level in the blood
inorganic composition of bone matrix
mainly calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
organic composition of bone matrix
mainly collagen (protein). protein/carbohydrate combos. glycoproteins
osteoblasts
mature and become trapped in their lacunae so they become osteocytes (monitors)
ulna
medial bone of the forearm in anatomic position
osteoclasts
mineral resorption-"clasts" release the enzyme collagenous to dissolve bone and minerals are released into the blood stream
endocrine system
monitors everything
osteogenic
multiply continuously
fovea capitis, greater and lesser trochanter
muscle attachment of the femur
greater and lesser tubercles, deltoid tuberosity, lateral and medial epicondyles
muscle attachment of the humerus
radial tuberosity, styloid process
muscle attachment of the raidus
acromium process, coracoid process
muscle attachment of the scapulae
tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus
muscle attachment of the tibia
olecranon process, coronoid process, styloid process
muscle attachment of the ulna
iliac spine, ischial tuberosity
muscles attachment of the coxae (hipbone)
osteoblasts
non-mitotic, but their numbers build up fast in response to stress or fractures b/c osteogenic cells multiply and differentiate into osteoblasts
10mg/100ml
normal calcium level
gelatinous
old age
articular cartilage, epiphyseal plates, spongy bone, compact bone, periosteum
parts of a long bone
yellow and red marrow, epiphysis (distal and proximal), diaphysis
parts of the medullary cavity
weight bearing
pattern of the spongy bone is...
acromion process
point where scapula and clavicle connect
coracoid process
process above the glenoid fossa that permits muscle attachment
intramembranous
produces the flat bones of the skull
canaliculi
projections from the cavity where cells communicate with one another
long bones
protect bone marrow;house bone marrow
skeleton
provides framework; points of attachment for muscles. house bone marrow
deltoid tuberosity
raised area on lateral surface of humerus to which deltoid muscle attaches
PTH
raises calcium level in the blood
children
red marrow is found in ___
thyroid and parathyroid glands
regulate calcium levels
parathyroid
releases PTH in low blood calcium levels
osteocytes
reside in the lacunae
capitulum
rounded knob on the humerus that articulates with the radius
2 hormones, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone
secreted by the parathyroid
clavicle
shoulder girdle bone that articulates anteriorly with the sternum
scapula
shoulder girdle bone that has no attachment to the axial skeleton
bones
store calcium
yellow marrow
stores fat. no longer produces blood but in illness can revert back to red
endocrine
the ___ system includes all of the glands and hormones they secrete
head of the femur
the acetabulum articulates with the...
kidney
the calcium resorption is increased here by not urinating during low blood calcium levels
low blood calcium levels
the calcium uptake in the intestines is increased
head of the radius
the capitulum articulates with the...
thoracic
the facets of the ____ vertebrae articulate with the ribs
head of the humerus
the glenoid cavity articulates with the...
trochlear notch of the ulna
the trochlea articulates with the...
trochlea of the humerus
trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with ....
osteoblasts
turn into osteocytes
osteoclasts
usually large and may have 3-50 nuclei (come from WBC)
shoulder, hips
which joints have the most range of motion
young to middle age adults
yellow marrow is found in ___
calcium
you need to drink milk for ___ supply
