anatomy test 1

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coronoid process of the ulna

(when the elbow is bent) coronoid fossa of the humerus receives the...

olecranon process of the ulna

(when the elbow is straightened) olcranon fossa of the humerus articulates with the ...

intramembranous, endochondral

2 types of ossification

red, yellow, gelatinous

3 types of bone marrow

lateral and medial condyles of the tibia

the rounded lateral and medial condyles of the femur articulate with the concave...

long, short, irregular flat

4 shapes of bones

osteo...-genic, -blasts, -cytes, -clasts

4 types of bone cells

ulna

forearm bone involved in formation of elbow joint

radius and ulna

forearm bones

ossification

formation of bones is called

osteocytes

former osteoblasts that have become trapped in the matrix they have deposited

primary ossification center

forms one tissue. located at the end of the cartilaginous

secondary ossification center

forms spongy bone...bone cells enlarge. located in the epiphysis

osteoblasts

found lining endosteum and inner lining of periosteum

osteoclasts

grown-ups

calcitonin and PTH

have opposite affects (antagonistic)

glenoid cavity of the scapulae

head of the humerus articulates with the...

capitulum humerus and radius notch of the ulna

head of the radius articulates with the ....

radius

head of the ulna articulates with the...

metacarpals

heads of these bones form the knuckles

osteoblasts

help mineralize the bone

red marrow

hemopoetic tissue-produces erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), thrombocytes (platelets)

osteoporosis

holes in your bones

osteocytes

live in lacunae

thyroid

located under your larynx

endochondral

long bones are this type of formation

yellow

non-active marrow

glenoid cavity

socket in the scapula for the arm bone

osteogenic

some differentiate into osteoblasts

vertebrae, sacrum, jaw

example of an irregular bone

tibia

the head of the fibula articulates with the...

atlas

the occipital condyles articulate with the facet of the ...

hormones

___ are chemical signals sent out in the bloodstream to trigger events to occur

calcium

___ is secreted in urine

calcium

____for nerve and muscle contraction, platelet formation

spongy

___bone tissue forms trabecuale in all directions

endochondral

___ossification form most other bones including the long bones

red

active marrow

the physiology (job) of the bone

anatomy of the long bone helps understand...

epiphyseal plate

another name for growth plate

coronoid fossa

anterior depression; superior to the trochlea; receives part of the ulna when the forearm is flexed

connective tissue

appears at the sites of future bones

osteogenic

arise from emybronic fibroblasts

humerus

arm bone

osteoblasts

become the builders

osteogenic

beginning, baby cells

osteoclasts

bone dissolving cells found on the bone surface (they can move!!)

osteoblasts

bone forming cells that synthesize the organic matter of the bone matrix

clavicle and scapula

bones composing the shoulder girdle

phalanges

bones of the fingers

carpals

bones of the wrist

scapula and sternum

bones that articulate with the clavicle

osteoblasts

builders, teenagers

electrolytes

calcium (Ca+2) and phosphorous (PO4-3)

inorganic composition of bone matrix

calcium and phosphate are pulled out of the bloodstream and crystalized into calcium phosphate once in the presence of osteoblasts

nerve signals, muscle function, blood clotting

calcium is important in these processes

lacunae

cavity the cell resides in

haversian canal

channel where the blood vessels (arteries and veins) and nerves travel

skull, hips, vertebrae, sternum

common places for red marrow to be located in an adult

clavicle

commonly called the collarbone

loose connective tissue

contains fibroblasts (cells that secrete collagen)

osteocytes

destroyers

osteocytes

detect mechanical stress on a bone and communicate this to osteoblasts at the surface. osteoblasts then deposit bone where needed. ____ signal ____ to remove bone when needed

osteogenic cells

develop from loose connective tissue

trochlea

distal medial process of the humerus; joins the ulna

4 parathyroid glands

embedded in the surface of the thyroid

cartilaginous

endochondral ossification process begins with this model that resembles the shape of the bones to come

frontal

example of a flat bone

femur

example of a long bone

carpal, tarsal

example of a short bone

osteon

large circular pattern where cells are places in layers called lamellae

kidney

low blood calcium levels reduce calcium resorption here by urinating

bones

low blood calcium levels stimulate calcium deposition in ___

calcitonin

lowers calcium level in the blood

inorganic composition of bone matrix

mainly calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

organic composition of bone matrix

mainly collagen (protein). protein/carbohydrate combos. glycoproteins

osteoblasts

mature and become trapped in their lacunae so they become osteocytes (monitors)

ulna

medial bone of the forearm in anatomic position

osteoclasts

mineral resorption-"clasts" release the enzyme collagenous to dissolve bone and minerals are released into the blood stream

endocrine system

monitors everything

osteogenic

multiply continuously

fovea capitis, greater and lesser trochanter

muscle attachment of the femur

greater and lesser tubercles, deltoid tuberosity, lateral and medial epicondyles

muscle attachment of the humerus

radial tuberosity, styloid process

muscle attachment of the raidus

acromium process, coracoid process

muscle attachment of the scapulae

tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus

muscle attachment of the tibia

olecranon process, coronoid process, styloid process

muscle attachment of the ulna

iliac spine, ischial tuberosity

muscles attachment of the coxae (hipbone)

osteoblasts

non-mitotic, but their numbers build up fast in response to stress or fractures b/c osteogenic cells multiply and differentiate into osteoblasts

10mg/100ml

normal calcium level

gelatinous

old age

articular cartilage, epiphyseal plates, spongy bone, compact bone, periosteum

parts of a long bone

yellow and red marrow, epiphysis (distal and proximal), diaphysis

parts of the medullary cavity

weight bearing

pattern of the spongy bone is...

acromion process

point where scapula and clavicle connect

coracoid process

process above the glenoid fossa that permits muscle attachment

intramembranous

produces the flat bones of the skull

canaliculi

projections from the cavity where cells communicate with one another

long bones

protect bone marrow;house bone marrow

skeleton

provides framework; points of attachment for muscles. house bone marrow

deltoid tuberosity

raised area on lateral surface of humerus to which deltoid muscle attaches

PTH

raises calcium level in the blood

children

red marrow is found in ___

thyroid and parathyroid glands

regulate calcium levels

parathyroid

releases PTH in low blood calcium levels

osteocytes

reside in the lacunae

capitulum

rounded knob on the humerus that articulates with the radius

2 hormones, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone

secreted by the parathyroid

clavicle

shoulder girdle bone that articulates anteriorly with the sternum

scapula

shoulder girdle bone that has no attachment to the axial skeleton

bones

store calcium

yellow marrow

stores fat. no longer produces blood but in illness can revert back to red

endocrine

the ___ system includes all of the glands and hormones they secrete

head of the femur

the acetabulum articulates with the...

kidney

the calcium resorption is increased here by not urinating during low blood calcium levels

low blood calcium levels

the calcium uptake in the intestines is increased

head of the radius

the capitulum articulates with the...

thoracic

the facets of the ____ vertebrae articulate with the ribs

head of the humerus

the glenoid cavity articulates with the...

trochlear notch of the ulna

the trochlea articulates with the...

trochlea of the humerus

trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with ....

osteoblasts

turn into osteocytes

osteoclasts

usually large and may have 3-50 nuclei (come from WBC)

shoulder, hips

which joints have the most range of motion

young to middle age adults

yellow marrow is found in ___

calcium

you need to drink milk for ___ supply


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