Anatomy Test 2
scar
Fibrous tissue is also known as ______ tissue.
epidermis; redness
First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling).
mineral storage support blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) protection
Functions of bone include ______.
benign
Hemangiomas are ______ tumors.
yellow
In adults, the medullary cavity contains ______ bone marrow.
3-5
In first-degree burns, the healing time averages about ______ days, and typically no scarring results.
internal
Spongy bone is located ______ to compact bone.
bones
Acting as levers for movement is a function of ______.
mature bone cells
Osteocytes are ______.
melanocytes
Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.
prolonged exposure to the sun
To reduce the likelihood of skin cancer, people should use sunscreen regularly and avoid ______.
nucleus
During the process of keratinization, the cell's _______ and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.
body; edge
Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.
upper and lower limbs
Endochondral ossification forms most bones of the ______.
granulosum spinosum
Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata?
basal; mesenchyme
In the development of embryonic skin, the _______ layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the _________ gives rise to the dermis.
Cells that break down bone are called
Osteoclasts are ______.
fair skin
People most likely to develop skin cancer are those with ______.
tactile cells
Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______.
exocrine
Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are types of ______ glands of skin.
endochondral
The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through _________, ossification.
simple fracture
The broken bone does not penetrate the skin in a ______.
keratin
The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______.
deep; collagen fibers
The dermis is ______ to the epidermis and contains primarily ______.
diaphysis
The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its
increase blood calcium levels
The function of parathyroid hormone is to ______.
corneum; granulosum; spinosum
There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.
true
True or false: Skin cancer can develop in people of any age.
false
True or false: The palms of the hands have more hair than the soles of the feet.
true
True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.
It can be stimulated by stress on a bone. It occurs at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone. It helps maintain calcium and phosphate levels in body fluids.
What statements characterize bone remodeling?
it contains parallel lamellae it contains no osteons
What statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone?
it is microscopic it runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone it contains a central canal it is also called a Haversian system
What statements describe an osteon?
dehydration
When a person is severely burned, a primary danger is _________ because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape from body tissues.
sensory nerve
When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.
osteocytes
When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______.
flat bones of the skull
Which bones are produced by intramembranous ossification?
calcitonin
Which hormone promotes calcium deposition in bone and inhibits osteoclast activity?
protection of organs
Which is a function of bone?
they maintain bone matrix they reside in lacunae
Which statements characterize osteocytes?
keratinization
Within the stratum, granulosum begins a process called ______.
Osteoclasts
______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone.
3-5
______ layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.
appositional
A bone's growth in diameter is called growth.
Harversian
A central canal of an osteon is also called a ______ canal.
interstitial growth
A long bone's growth in length is called ______.
red blood cells
Anemia is a disease of low oxygen delivery to tissues. This is sometimes the result of a low number of ______.
decrease; lose
As skin ages, collagen fibers in the dermis ______ in number and organization, and elastic fibers ______ their elasticity.
chondroblasts that have become encased with matrix
Chondrocytes are ______.
upper limb bones lower limb bones vertebrae
Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification.
upper limb bones vertebrae lower limb bones
Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification.
DNA
Chronic exposure to UV rays can damage the ______ in epidermal cells.
stratifed squamous
Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.
stratified squamous
Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.
80%
Compact bone makes up ______ of bone mass.
osteoporosis
Decreased bone mass can cause a disease called_______.
iliac crest
Donor bone marrow is most commonly harvested from the ______.
growth
During bone development, the liver releases somatomedin in response to ________ hormone.
granulosum
In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum __________, the process of keratinization begins.
4
Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).
osteocytes
Mature bone cells sitting in lacunae are called ______.
dendritic
Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.
corneum
Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.
compound
One or both ends of a broken bone pierce the overlying skin in a(n) ________, Incorrect Unavailable fracture.
bone
Ossification refers to the formation and development of ______.
produce osteoid
Osteoblasts function to ______.
concentric lamellae
Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.
3; twice
Skin repair and regeneration usually takes about ______ weeks in a healthy young person but can often take ______ that time for a person in his or her 70s.
reticular; subcutaneous
The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.
central canal
The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______.
medullary cavity
The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the_______ ______.
dead
The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.
eleidin
The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.
stratum basale
The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.
DNA
The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the __________ of keratinocytes from UV radiation.
Kerinocytes; keritin
The most numerous cells of the epidermis are _______ and the protein they produce is called _________.
stratum corneum
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.
epidermis
The most superficial layer of the integument is the ______.
transpiration
The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called_______.
parathyroid
The release of______ hormone increases blood calcium levels.
water resistant
The skin is best described as ______.
corneum
The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.
thick skin
The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.
merocrine; apocrine
The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.
canaliculi
Tiny channels that connect lacunae to other lacunae in an osteon are called ______.
true
True or false: Bone growth begins during embryologic development.
they contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions nutrients pass through them they extend from lacunae to lacunae
What statements characterize canaliculi?
they contain collagen fibers they are rings of bone tissue their numbers vary among osteons
What statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons?
they reside in lacunae they maintain bone matrix
What statements characterize osteocytes?
it is solid and relatively dense it forms the external walls of a long bone
What statements correctly describe compact bone?
squamous cell carcinoma
arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
basal cell carcinoma
most common type of skin cancer
malignant melanoma
most deadly type of skin cancer due to aggressive growth and metastasis
fractures
Breaks in bones are called_______.
mineralization
Another name for the calcification of bone is______.
osseous
Another term for bone tissue is ______ connective tissue.
vitamin D phosphate calcium
Bone formation requires ______.
embryologic development
Bone remodeling begins during ______.
parafollicular
Calcitonin is produced by the _______ cells in the thyroid gland.
initiation of muscle contraction blood clotting stimulation of the heart
Calcium is required for ______.