Anatomy Test 2

scar

Fibrous tissue is also known as ______ tissue.

epidermis; redness

First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling).

mineral storage support blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) protection

Functions of bone include ______.

benign

Hemangiomas are ______ tumors.

yellow

In adults, the medullary cavity contains ______ bone marrow.

3-5

In first-degree burns, the healing time averages about ______ days, and typically no scarring results.

internal

Spongy bone is located ______ to compact bone.

bones

Acting as levers for movement is a function of ______.

mature bone cells

Osteocytes are ______.

melanocytes

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.

prolonged exposure to the sun

To reduce the likelihood of skin cancer, people should use sunscreen regularly and avoid ______.

nucleus

During the process of keratinization, the cell's _______ and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.

body; edge

Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.

upper and lower limbs

Endochondral ossification forms most bones of the ______.

granulosum spinosum

Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata?

basal; mesenchyme

In the development of embryonic skin, the _______ layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the _________ gives rise to the dermis.

Cells that break down bone are called

Osteoclasts are ______.

fair skin

People most likely to develop skin cancer are those with ______.

tactile cells

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______.

exocrine

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are types of ______ glands of skin.

endochondral

The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through _________, ossification.

simple fracture

The broken bone does not penetrate the skin in a ______.

keratin

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______.

deep; collagen fibers

The dermis is ______ to the epidermis and contains primarily ______.

diaphysis

The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its

increase blood calcium levels

The function of parathyroid hormone is to ______.

corneum; granulosum; spinosum

There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.

true

True or false: Skin cancer can develop in people of any age.

false

True or false: The palms of the hands have more hair than the soles of the feet.

true

True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.

It can be stimulated by stress on a bone. It occurs at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone. It helps maintain calcium and phosphate levels in body fluids.

What statements characterize bone remodeling?

it contains parallel lamellae it contains no osteons

What statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone?

it is microscopic it runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone it contains a central canal it is also called a Haversian system

What statements describe an osteon?

dehydration

When a person is severely burned, a primary danger is _________ because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape from body tissues.

sensory nerve

When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.

osteocytes

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______.

flat bones of the skull

Which bones are produced by intramembranous ossification?

calcitonin

Which hormone promotes calcium deposition in bone and inhibits osteoclast activity?

protection of organs

Which is a function of bone?

they maintain bone matrix they reside in lacunae

Which statements characterize osteocytes?

keratinization

Within the stratum, granulosum begins a process called ______.

Osteoclasts

______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone.

3-5

______ layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.

appositional

A bone's growth in diameter is called growth.

Harversian

A central canal of an osteon is also called a ______ canal.

interstitial growth

A long bone's growth in length is called ______.

red blood cells

Anemia is a disease of low oxygen delivery to tissues. This is sometimes the result of a low number of ______.

decrease; lose

As skin ages, collagen fibers in the dermis ______ in number and organization, and elastic fibers ______ their elasticity.

chondroblasts that have become encased with matrix

Chondrocytes are ______.

upper limb bones lower limb bones vertebrae

Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification.

upper limb bones vertebrae lower limb bones

Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification.

DNA

Chronic exposure to UV rays can damage the ______ in epidermal cells.

stratifed squamous

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.

stratified squamous

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.

80%

Compact bone makes up ______ of bone mass.

osteoporosis

Decreased bone mass can cause a disease called_______.

iliac crest

Donor bone marrow is most commonly harvested from the ______.

growth

During bone development, the liver releases somatomedin in response to ________ hormone.

granulosum

In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum __________, the process of keratinization begins.

4

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).

osteocytes

Mature bone cells sitting in lacunae are called ______.

dendritic

Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.

corneum

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.

compound

One or both ends of a broken bone pierce the overlying skin in a(n) ________, Incorrect Unavailable fracture.

bone

Ossification refers to the formation and development of ______.

produce osteoid

Osteoblasts function to ______.

concentric lamellae

Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.

3; twice

Skin repair and regeneration usually takes about ______ weeks in a healthy young person but can often take ______ that time for a person in his or her 70s.

reticular; subcutaneous

The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.

central canal

The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______.

medullary cavity

The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the_______ ______.

dead

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.

eleidin

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.

stratum basale

The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.

DNA

The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the __________ of keratinocytes from UV radiation.

Kerinocytes; keritin

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are _______ and the protein they produce is called _________.

stratum corneum

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.

epidermis

The most superficial layer of the integument is the ______.

transpiration

The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called_______.

parathyroid

The release of______ hormone increases blood calcium levels.

water resistant

The skin is best described as ______.

corneum

The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.

thick skin

The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.

merocrine; apocrine

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.

canaliculi

Tiny channels that connect lacunae to other lacunae in an osteon are called ______.

true

True or false: Bone growth begins during embryologic development.

they contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions nutrients pass through them they extend from lacunae to lacunae

What statements characterize canaliculi?

they contain collagen fibers they are rings of bone tissue their numbers vary among osteons

What statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons?

they reside in lacunae they maintain bone matrix

What statements characterize osteocytes?

it is solid and relatively dense it forms the external walls of a long bone

What statements correctly describe compact bone?

squamous cell carcinoma

arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum

basal cell carcinoma

most common type of skin cancer

malignant melanoma

most deadly type of skin cancer due to aggressive growth and metastasis

fractures

Breaks in bones are called_______.

mineralization

Another name for the calcification of bone is______.

osseous

Another term for bone tissue is ______ connective tissue.

vitamin D phosphate calcium

Bone formation requires ______.

embryologic development

Bone remodeling begins during ______.

parafollicular

Calcitonin is produced by the _______ cells in the thyroid gland.

initiation of muscle contraction blood clotting stimulation of the heart

Calcium is required for ______.