Anatomy Test 3

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Words can be used more than once. ResetHelp Insula Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Parietal lobe

1. Temporal lobe: Auditory area. 2. Parietal lobe: Primary somatosensory cortex. 3. Frontal lobe: Primary (somatic) motor cortex. 4. Frontal lobe: Motor speech (Broca's) area. 5. Frontal lobe: Premotor cortex. 6. Occipital lobe: Visual area. 7. Insula: Gustatory (taste) area. 8. Frontal lobe: Seat of intelligence, abstract reasoning.

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

1. gray matter 2. fissure 3. gyrus 4. sulcus 5. white matter

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

A. Corpus callosum B. Caudate nucleus C. Globus pallidus D. Thalamus E. Pons

Label the white fiber tracts of the cerebral cortex.

Association fibers Commissural fibers (corpus callosum) Projection fibers (corona radiata) Projection fibers (internal capsule) Gray matter White matter Decussation (crossover) of pyramids

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location. Damage to the visual association area can result in an inability to comprehend what is being seen. *Damage to the primary (somatic) motor cortex results in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and all reflexive contractions.* Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible.

Projection fibers in the brain mainly connect the right and left hemispheres.

False

The canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles and running through the midbrain is the interventricular foramen.

False

Label the white fiber tracts of the cerebral hemispheres.

Longitudinal fissure Lateral ventricle Basal nuclei Third ventricle Thalamus Pons Medulla oblongata

Which of the following is the best description of the function of region B?

Region B includes neurons whose axons carry motor commands from the cerebrum.

Mrs. Bryan's subdural and subarachnoid bleeding most likely interfered directly with which of the following?

The blood supply to the cerebral cortex.

Which of the following is true of the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain?

The cerebral hemispheres account for about 83% of total brain mass.

Which of the following generalizations does NOT describe the cerebral cortex?

The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

39-Year-Old Female with Traumatic Brain Injury Margaret Bryans, a 39-year-old female, lost control while skiing and hit her head on a tree. She regained consciousness en route to the hospital and appeared agitated and combative. Paramedics observed that she had a right hemiparesis (muscle weakness), with a nearly complete paresis of her right upper extremity and a partial paresis of the right lower extremity. A head CT scan revealed an acute subdural hematoma and an extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage. Doctors noted that she was able to follow commands from medical personnel. However, she could only speak haltingly, using simple words.Surgery to remove large clots from the subarachnoid space was performed immediately. Two weeks after the surgery, she showed significant improvement in her speech and motor function. Part A Part complete What specific parts of the brain have been affected by the injury so as to cause the muscle weakness and language problems?

The superior area of her left motor cortex and Broca's area.

Embryonic damage to the mesencephalon could result in improper formation of the midbrain.

True

In general, a primary sensory cortex breaks down sensory input into component parts, while an association cortex makes sense of sensory inputs.

True

In most people, the left cerebral hemisphere has greater control over language abilities, math, and logic.

True

The brain and spinal cord begin as an embryonic structure called the neural plate.

True

Identify the type of tract that communicates between the left prefrontal lobe and the left parietal lobe.

association

What groove separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

central sulcus

What is the groove indicated by C?

central sulcus

Which part of the brain is the "executive suite" that controls conscious brain activity?

cerebral cortex

White matter is found in all of the following locations EXCEPT the ________.

cerebral cortex

The fibers indicated by B are most associated with which structure(s)?

corpus callosum

What type of cells line the ventricles of the brain?

ependymal cells

Which of these would you NOT find in the cerebral cortex?

fiber tracts

At age 79, Mrs. X is diagnosed with a disorder that severely impairs her logical judgment. Medical imaging techniques show that this has been most likely caused by brain damage in a ______.

frontal lobe

Which of the following is NOT a correctly matched pair?

gray matter: myelinated axons

An elevated ridge of the cortex is called a ________.

gyrus

Which of the following is NOT a role of the basal nuclei?

initiating protective reflex actions

The neural fibers connecting structure A to the cerebral cortex can best be described by which of the following?

interneurons

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

labels of ventricles

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.

lateral sulcus

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

lobes of brain

The middle primary brain vesicle, the mesencephalon, gives rise to which adult brain structure?

midbrain

The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the ________.

parietal lobe

Region A represents which of the following?

prefrontal cortex

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________.

premotor cortex

Which motor area both has a homunculus and has descending projection fibers?

primary motor cortex

Which motor area has somatotopy and has descending projection fibers?

primary motor cortex

A patient reports that she has become completely deaf; she can't hear anything. Thorough tests on her ears indicate that her ears have not been damaged. Additional tests reveal that her deafness has been caused by damage to her ______.

primary somatosensory cortex auditory association area somatosensory association cortex *None of the listed responses is correct.*

What cortical region is represented by the area at D?

primary visual cortex

Which type of white matter fiber tract connects the cerebrum to lower centers, like the spinal cord?

projection fibers

If the caudal portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the ________.

spinal cord may be affected

The lateral sulcus separates which lobes?

temporal from parietal

The letter A in the figure indicates which of the following structures?

thalamus

The cortical regions indicated by E are involved in what functions?

the production and interpretation of language

After Joe has a stroke, his doctor asks Joe to touch his right pointer finger to his chin, but Joe is unable to move his right hand. However, when the doctor stimulates Joe's pointer finger with a painful stimulus, Joe's muscles quickly move his hand away from the stimulus. The doctor concludes that ______.

the stroke caused damage to Joe's frontal eye field which interfered with his effort to touch his chin the stroke caused damage to Joe's right primary motor cortex the stroke caused damage to Joe's left premotor cortex *based on the doctor's observations, none of the listed answers are correct conclusions*

The area of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for sensing a full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________.

visceral sensory area