Anatomy Test two review

What is the function of melanin?

It protects DNA from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation

The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands.

apocrine

The fold of stratum corneum over the base of a nail is called the

cuticle

Shafts of hair are comprised of

dead keratinized epidermal cells.

The loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the

hypodermis.

The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called

keratin.

The pale crescent area of the nail is called the

lunula

The most superficial layer of the dermis is the __________.

papillary layer

When the body is overheated, the skin responds by

dilating blood vessels.

How would you explain to your roommate, who has NEVER taken an A&P class, why a superficial paper cut to his index finger did not bleed?

epidermis, the top layer of the skin, is epithelial tissue and has no blood vessels

Elderly people tend to have rougher skin and more brittle hair than younger people. What structure is associated with this problem?

sebaceous glands

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding skin color?

A person's skin color depends on the number of melanocytes present in the epidermis.

The skin is also called the ________ membrane.

Cutaneous

Identify the structures that are responsible for the stretching of the skin during pregnancy.

Elastic fibers found in the reticular layer of the dermis

In which of the epidermal layers are the cells undergoing mitosis?

Stratum basale

Identify the order of layers that a piece of glass would puncture as it passes through the skin on the palm of the hand

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, dermal papillae Submit

Why would the ink of permanent tattoos be deposited in the dermis, and not the epidermis of the skin?

The epidermis is continually replaced by new cells as old cells are shed.

Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?

There are no vital organs in the region.

Which statement is true for merocrine sweat glands?

They are more numerous than apocrine sweat glands. Submit

Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin that mainly involves the papillary layer of the dermis. The inflammation typically begins in an area of the skin exposed to infection or irritated by chemicals, radiation, or mechanical stimuli, such as scratching. What is the name of the other, deeper layer of the dermis?

reticular layer

Which of the following structures are responsible for the formation of fingerprints?

Epidermal ridges and dermal papillae

The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is

acne.

What is the composition of the papillary layer of the dermis?

areolar connective tissue

Through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body?

evaporation

The layer of the epidermis at the exposed surface is the

stratum corneum.

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from ________.

ultraviolet radiation

Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight.

vitamin D3

Which gland is responsible for odorous secretions concentrated in the armpits and groin?

apocrine sweat gland

Since the epidermis is avascular, how do the epidermal cells obtain their nutrients?

from the blood vessels in the adjacent dermis

During the regeneration process of the skin after an injury, what is the combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network called?

granulation tissue

Through which cellular interactions are the cells of the stratum basale firmly attached to the plasma membrane?

hemidesmosomes

Lipid is concentrated with the cells of the

hypodermis

In albinism, ________ is lacking.

melanin

The reticular layer's collagen fibers directly provide which function?

prevent damage to the tissue

Which of the following is the function of hair associated with a nerve fiber?

provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury

The ________ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin.

reticular

The excessive production of keratin is called hyperkeratosis. Calluses and corns are easily observed examples of hyperkeratosis. What epidermal layer is characterized by cells that have stopped dividing and have begun making large amounts of keratin?

stratum granulosum

The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a

third-degree burn

The ________ is associated with the puckering of skin and the pulling of the hair follicle.

arrector pili

Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?

basal cell carcinoma