anatomy weekly homework 1-3
A cell contains a 4% concentration of salt. The cell's environment is isotonic. Which is a possible salt concentration outside the cell?
4 % - isotonic means same
The name of "amino acid" is given to a particular type of organic molecule because of the presence of which of these functional groups?
An amino group and an acid group
The term lateral refers to which of the following?
Away from the midline of the body
Substances that can either take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions when added to water are called
Bases
Which of the following are produced during cellular respiration?
CO2
Which class of biomolecules can play a structural role or serve as an immediate source of energy in a cell?
Carbohydrates
Which plane runs parallel to the long axis of the body, and divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?
Frontal
The six-carbon sugar that organisms degrade as a source of energy during cellular respiration is known as _____.
Glucose
Which carbohydrate is the major source of immediate energy for all organisms?
Glucose
Which of the following are other terms for the transverse plane?
Horizontal plane, cross-sectional plane
What are two common uses of fats in the bodies of animals?
Insulation, long term energy storage
Proteins that are embedded within, and extend across, the phospholipid bilayer are called _____ proteins.
Integral
The proteins that function to maintain the integrity of the bladder as it fills with fluid and swells are called
Junction proteins
__________ are large compounds that are composed of many smaller molecular subunits, most notably biochemicals.
Macromolecules or polymers
What type of lipid do plants use for long-term energy storage?
Oils
Organic molecules that perform many functions for living things and are made up of amino acid monomers are called _______.
Proteins
What group of organic molecules function as carriers or channels within cell membranes, make motion possible, and help to defend the body against disease?
Proteins
What is the class of organic molecules that is made up of one or more long chains of amino acids?
Proteins
Which plane runs parallel to the long axis of the body, and divides the body into right and left portions?
Sagittal
T/F: Placing a red blood cell in an extremely hypertonic solution leads to hemolysis.
True
What cavity is located below the thoracic cavity and is bounded at the top by the diaphragm?
abdominal cavity
Select three typical functions of proteins.
act as enzymes, support, as regulatory hormones
The monomers of protein molecules are called
amino acids
Proteins are long chains of
amino acids joined by dehydration reactions
What directional term refers to the front of a body or a structure?
anterior
The posterior refers to the ______ surface of the body.
back
rank the following from least inclusive to most inclusive
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
the thoracic cavity includes the
chest or thorax
The term proximal refers to _____ to the point of attachment to the trunk.
closest
cellulose
component of plant cell walls
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without energy or carrier proteins is called simple _________
diffusion
The elbow joint is located _________ to the shoulder joint.
distal
which is a biological catalyst?
enzyme
Composed principally of amino acids, ______ act as biological catalysts, facilitating metabolic activities of the cell
enzymes
Channel-mediated diffusion is a subtype of
facilitated diffusion
Anterior refers to the _______ surface of the human body, or of a structure.
front
The ________ plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
frontal/coronal
The term distal refers to _____ from the point of attachment to the trunk.
furthest
Which structure subdivides the abdominopelvic cavity into two smaller cavities?
horizontal plane that passes through the pelvic brim
The transverse plane is also called the ________ plane
horizontal, cross-sectional
What kind of solution contains a comparatively higher concentration of solute than can be found inside a cell?
hypertonic solution
The shoulder joint is located ________ to the sternum (breastbone).
lateral
Most ______ are made up of monomers linked into polymers.
macromolecules
The lungs are located _______ to the shoulder joints.
medial
define cellular respiration
metabolic reactions that use the energy from carbohydrate, fatty acid, or amino acid breakdown to produce ATP molecules
why does active transport require energy?
molecules are moved against the concentration gradient
A cell placed in hypotonic solution has solutes that are ______ concentrated inside the cell than in the solution outside the cell.
more; a cell in a hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the solution does
rank the following from least inclusive to most inclusive
organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region with a lower solute concentration to a region with a higher solute concentration is called
osmosis
Match each of the following statements with the correct description that defines anatomical position.
palms face anteriorly, feet on ground and are parallel, upper limbs located at side of body, head is level
The urinary bladder is contained within the _______ cavity
pelvic
The pelvic cavity is also called the
pelvis
Which of the following would be found in the membrane of an animal cell?
phospholipid bilayer, embedded proteins, cholesterol molecules
cell membranes are composed mainly of ________.
phospholipids
The outer boundary of a cell, known as the ______, acts like a gatekeeper to the cell by regulating what passes through it.
plasma membrane
which of the following has more support in the scientific community?
principle
Scientific ________ is the term used for a scientific theory that is generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists.
principle or law
The elbow joint is located ________ to the wrist joint.
proximal
Proteins found in the plasma membrane that receive signals from the outside and convey that information to the interior are called _____ proteins.
receptor
In metabolism, _________ goes along with oxidation and the reaction is called a redox reaction.
reduction
Which of the following planes divides the body into right and left portions?
sagittal plane, midsagittal plane
Which of the following is the movement of small, nonpolar molecules along a concentration gradient by spontaneous random motion to achieve a uniform distribution?
simple diffusion
Diffusion rate is fastest when the concentration gradient is
steepest and temperature is highest
The abdominal cavity contains which of the following organs?
stomach, liver, kidneys
Select the functions of carbohydrates.
structural components of organisms, immediate energy source
the reactants of enzymatic reactions are called
substrates
The abdominal cavity is located to the pelvic cavity.
superior
The abdominal cavity refers to the region inferior to the thoracic cavity and ______ to the hip bones
superior
The right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdominal cavity is located _________________ to the right lower quadrant (RLQ).
superior
Select all of the following that describe facilitated diffusion.
the cell does not expend energy, molecules move down their concentration gradient, transport proteins are required
The heart and lungs are contained within the _______ cavity
thoracic
What does the term "medial" refer to?
toward the midline of the body
Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?
transverse
The pelvic cavity contains which of the following organs?
urinary bladder, uterus, prostate gland
Which of the following best explains why a hypertonic solution causes a cell to shrink?
water rushes out of the cell