anatomy weekly homework 1-3

A cell contains a 4% concentration of salt. The cell's environment is isotonic. Which is a possible salt concentration outside the cell?

4 % - isotonic means same

The name of "amino acid" is given to a particular type of organic molecule because of the presence of which of these functional groups?

An amino group and an acid group

The term lateral refers to which of the following?

Away from the midline of the body

Substances that can either take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions when added to water are called

Bases

Which of the following are produced during cellular respiration?

CO2

Which class of biomolecules can play a structural role or serve as an immediate source of energy in a cell?

Carbohydrates

Which plane runs parallel to the long axis of the body, and divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?

Frontal

The six-carbon sugar that organisms degrade as a source of energy during cellular respiration is known as _____.

Glucose

Which carbohydrate is the major source of immediate energy for all organisms?

Glucose

Which of the following are other terms for the transverse plane?

Horizontal plane, cross-sectional plane

What are two common uses of fats in the bodies of animals?

Insulation, long term energy storage

Proteins that are embedded within, and extend across, the phospholipid bilayer are called _____ proteins.

Integral

The proteins that function to maintain the integrity of the bladder as it fills with fluid and swells are called

Junction proteins

__________ are large compounds that are composed of many smaller molecular subunits, most notably biochemicals.

Macromolecules or polymers

What type of lipid do plants use for long-term energy storage?

Oils

Organic molecules that perform many functions for living things and are made up of amino acid monomers are called _______.

Proteins

What group of organic molecules function as carriers or channels within cell membranes, make motion possible, and help to defend the body against disease?

Proteins

What is the class of organic molecules that is made up of one or more long chains of amino acids?

Proteins

Which plane runs parallel to the long axis of the body, and divides the body into right and left portions?

Sagittal

T/F: Placing a red blood cell in an extremely hypertonic solution leads to hemolysis.

True

What cavity is located below the thoracic cavity and is bounded at the top by the diaphragm?

abdominal cavity

Select three typical functions of proteins.

act as enzymes, support, as regulatory hormones

The monomers of protein molecules are called

amino acids

Proteins are long chains of

amino acids joined by dehydration reactions

What directional term refers to the front of a body or a structure?

anterior

The posterior refers to the ______ surface of the body.

back

rank the following from least inclusive to most inclusive

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

the thoracic cavity includes the

chest or thorax

The term proximal refers to _____ to the point of attachment to the trunk.

closest

cellulose

component of plant cell walls

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without energy or carrier proteins is called simple _________

diffusion

The elbow joint is located _________ to the shoulder joint.

distal

which is a biological catalyst?

enzyme

Composed principally of amino acids, ______ act as biological catalysts, facilitating metabolic activities of the cell

enzymes

Channel-mediated diffusion is a subtype of

facilitated diffusion

Anterior refers to the _______ surface of the human body, or of a structure.

front

The ________ plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

frontal/coronal

The term distal refers to _____ from the point of attachment to the trunk.

furthest

Which structure subdivides the abdominopelvic cavity into two smaller cavities?

horizontal plane that passes through the pelvic brim

The transverse plane is also called the ________ plane

horizontal, cross-sectional

What kind of solution contains a comparatively higher concentration of solute than can be found inside a cell?

hypertonic solution

The shoulder joint is located ________ to the sternum (breastbone).

lateral

Most ______ are made up of monomers linked into polymers.

macromolecules

The lungs are located _______ to the shoulder joints.

medial

define cellular respiration

metabolic reactions that use the energy from carbohydrate, fatty acid, or amino acid breakdown to produce ATP molecules

why does active transport require energy?

molecules are moved against the concentration gradient

A cell placed in hypotonic solution has solutes that are ______ concentrated inside the cell than in the solution outside the cell.

more; a cell in a hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the solution does

rank the following from least inclusive to most inclusive

organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region with a lower solute concentration to a region with a higher solute concentration is called

osmosis

Match each of the following statements with the correct description that defines anatomical position.

palms face anteriorly, feet on ground and are parallel, upper limbs located at side of body, head is level

The urinary bladder is contained within the _______ cavity

pelvic

The pelvic cavity is also called the

pelvis

Which of the following would be found in the membrane of an animal cell?

phospholipid bilayer, embedded proteins, cholesterol molecules

cell membranes are composed mainly of ________.

phospholipids

The outer boundary of a cell, known as the ______, acts like a gatekeeper to the cell by regulating what passes through it.

plasma membrane

which of the following has more support in the scientific community?

principle

Scientific ________ is the term used for a scientific theory that is generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists.

principle or law

The elbow joint is located ________ to the wrist joint.

proximal

Proteins found in the plasma membrane that receive signals from the outside and convey that information to the interior are called _____ proteins.

receptor

In metabolism, _________ goes along with oxidation and the reaction is called a redox reaction.

reduction

Which of the following planes divides the body into right and left portions?

sagittal plane, midsagittal plane

Which of the following is the movement of small, nonpolar molecules along a concentration gradient by spontaneous random motion to achieve a uniform distribution?

simple diffusion

Diffusion rate is fastest when the concentration gradient is

steepest and temperature is highest

The abdominal cavity contains which of the following organs?

stomach, liver, kidneys

Select the functions of carbohydrates.

structural components of organisms, immediate energy source

the reactants of enzymatic reactions are called

substrates

The abdominal cavity is located to the pelvic cavity.

superior

The abdominal cavity refers to the region inferior to the thoracic cavity and ______ to the hip bones

superior

The right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdominal cavity is located _________________ to the right lower quadrant (RLQ).

superior

Select all of the following that describe facilitated diffusion.

the cell does not expend energy, molecules move down their concentration gradient, transport proteins are required

The heart and lungs are contained within the _______ cavity

thoracic

What does the term "medial" refer to?

toward the midline of the body

Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?

transverse

The pelvic cavity contains which of the following organs?

urinary bladder, uterus, prostate gland

Which of the following best explains why a hypertonic solution causes a cell to shrink?

water rushes out of the cell