ANC Psyc 2c
Of the three obstacles to intervention and prevention services for maltreating families, the most realistic fear is __________. a. losing parental rights b. criminal charges c. being sent to an orphanage d. interfering with the privacy of others
A and B
Which of the following is not a serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for treating children with depression? a. Prozac b. Lithium c. Celexa d. Zoloft
b
separation anxiety disorder (SAD)
condition in which individuals display age-inappropriate, excessive, and disabling apprehension about being apart from their parents or home
anxiety disorder
condition in which the child experiences excessive and debilitating anxiety
According to one study, __________ percent of preschoolers develop or mimic sexual behaviors that can be attributed to prior sexual abuse. a. 76 b. 50 c. 10 d. 35
d
polyvictimization
experience of being singled out for abuse across multiple domains of the child's life
traumatic event
exposure to actual or threatened harm or fear of death or injury
specific phobia
extreme and disabling fear about objects or situations that in reality pose little or no danger
panic
group of unexpected physical symptoms of the fight/flight response that occur in the absence of any obvious threat
Trichotillomania
hair loss from compulsive pulling out or twisting of one's own hair
behavior lens principle
idea stating that child psychopathology reflects a mixture of actual child actions and how it's viewed by others
trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT)
treatment for children who have significant emotional or behavioral difficulties related to one or more stressful life events
Donald, 16, is a self-described loner, according to the school psychologist, dresses in a way that sets him apart and says the other boys his age "suck." Which of the following current theories might best fit his behavior and depression? a. Self-control theories b. Interpersonal models c. Behavioral theories d. Psychodynamic theories
B and C
Fewer boys than girls are affected by SOC. Why? a. Boys are natural loners. b. Boys are less inclined to worry over what other boys think of them. c. Boys are less worried about being in the company of their peers. d. Boys find being afraid to be effeminate (i.e., "the boys don't cry" theory)
B and C
Given the various risks and factors involved in developing any form of depression that can be diagnosed, it is an accepted fact that they __________ on a person's emotions. a. dysregulate b. interact c. regulate d. have a negative effect
B and C
A useful paradigm in illustrating the increasing use of antidepressants. The use of __________, for example, showed a dramatic uptick in prescriptions during the mid-1990s. a. Prozac and other SSRIs b. OxyContin c. Valium d. Ritalin
a
According to one study, which of the following situations will significantly increase a child's risk of injury or death in the home? a. Marital violence b. Single-parent households c. A parent who habitually uses corporal punishment d. Parental neglect
a
Anxiety is a mood state characterized by strong negative emotion in which the child apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune. What is missing from this classic definition of "anxiety"? a. physical symptoms of tension b. episodes of extreme fear c. feelings of abandonment (i.e., separation) d. debilitating despair
a
Children with the following anxiety disorders may experience somatic symptoms with the exception of ___________. a. Specific phobias b. GAD c. PD d. SAD
a
Compared to episodes of depression, untreated bipolar episodes __________. a. are shorter in duration b. produce less depression if they are not manic episodes c. recur one after the other, usually lasting only a few days d. are longer in duration and more frequent
a
Despite the differences in the nature of the symptoms and duration, P-DD __________. a. can occur before a diagnosis of MDD later in life b. is really a form of ADHD c. can develop into or mimic more serious conditions, such as anorexia nervosa d. is always a precursor to other depressive disorders
a
Many children diagnosed with SAD (about half) may following onset develop __________. a. a depressive disorder b. physical symptoms such as nausea c. ADHD d. panic attacks
a
Despite the greater attention paid by the justice system of the maltreatment of children, __________ are punished in such a way that it can cause injury or death. a. 1 in 10 b. 1 in 25 c. 5 in 10 d. 3 in 20
a. 1 in 10
Monty, 12, is a victim of sexual abuse by her gym teacher. He was called Monique at the time and explains that he now considers himself male and that "what happened to me wouldn't be wrong now." Dean, his therapist, asks Monty if being Monty and not Monique makes him feel better about himself? Why does Dean ask such a sensitive question? a. It is important to be certain that being Monty is not a form of escape and that he can express his feelings. b. It is the duty of the family therapist to intercede for parents and caregivers who may object to Monique becoming Monty. c. Dean asks this to challenge the authenticity of Monty's "sexual reassignment." d. Sexual abuse should not be a cause for being sexually confused.
a. It is important to be certain that being Monty is not a form of escape and that he can express his feelings.
Specific mutism co-occurs most often with ____________. a. SOC b. Specific phobia c. OCD d. SAD
a. SOC b. Specific phobia
According to the APA's poll of teenage respondents, "Stress in America," __________ believe their stress will increase in one year, which suggests that their lives are just as stressful as an adults. a. 25 percent b. 34 percent c. over half d. 90 percent
b. 34 percent
What is the approximate age range for separation anxiety disorder to occur? a. During early childhood b. From 7 to adulthood c. From 7 to 18 d. From 7 to 8
b. From 7 to adulthood
The model for how to raise children is as much a factor for a healthy family environment as it is an unhealthy one. Which of the following is both an immediate and traditional source of this model, especially for new parents? a. The community b. One's own childhood c. Parent-child attachment d. Grandparents
b. One's own childhood
Derek, 7, refuses to enter closets unless he has a flashlight and someone with him. If a ball or Hot Wheel rolls under his bed, he will ask his mother to get it for him. He believes there are "monsters and ghosts" hiding in the closets, under beds, and in dark places in general. Does he exhibit a specific fear? a. No, Derek actually meets the criteria for claustrophobia. b. Yes, because Derek senses danger in the dark. c. No, because Derek has an irrational fear of imaginary beings. d. Yes, however, in Derek's imagination, he has substituted monsters and ghosts for animals.
b. Yes, because Derek senses danger in the dark.
The most common somatic symptom of anxiety disorders include __________. a. gastrointestinal problems b. sleep disorders c. nail biting d. hair pulling
b. sleep disorders
According to one study, acute stress disorder occurs in _______ of children who experience trauma. a. 5 percent to 10 percent b. 25 percent c. 10 percent to 20 percent d. 40 percent to 50 percent
c. 10 percent to 20 percent
According to research from 2006, over __________ American children live in families in which partner violence occurred at least once during the previous year. a. 150,000 b. 1.5 million c. 15 million d. 51 million
c. 15 million
Generalized anxiety disorder co-occur with all the following, however the rates for _________ are especially high, in keeping with the feelings of vulnerability it facilitates. a. SOC b. Specific phobias c. Major depression disorder d. Panic disorder
c. Major depression disorder
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS), the most common form of child maltreatment is which of the following? a. Child labor b. Sexual abuse c. Neglect d. Physical abuse
c. Neglect
Dean, a family therapist, asks a question: "There is only one right answer this time. Childhood must be a safe place, sure, but it must have some of this, too, or a child cannot learn to adapt." Which of the following might be the answer? a. Free of threats b. Psychological competence c. Stress d. Anger
c. Stress
A psychologist, who is treating a group of adolescents who have suffered trauma through maltreatment or sexual abuse, wants to incorporate narrative therapy. Which of the following strategies should she avoid or modify? a. Writing a play about what happened to each member of the group b. Have the participants create a collaborative graphic novel of what each victim-author experienced c. Writing poems against maltreatment and sexual abuse and publishing them in a scrapbook d. Have each child get in a circle and tell their story, "what happened to me"
c. Writing poems against maltreatment and sexual abuse and publishing them in a scrapbook
Allysha admits to being a "cutter," that is, she derives pleasure and/or consolation from cutting her skin. What comorbidity does this behavior suggest or indicate? a. ODD b. ADHD c. CD d. MDD
d
The most common compulsion found in children and adults with OCD is __________. a. hoarding b. counting and arranging things c. hair pulling d. excessive washing
d. excessive washing
fight/flight response
immediate reaction to perceived danger whereby efforts are directed toward either confronting the danger or escaping the situation
adjustment disorder
short-term diagnosis given to individuals who react to common forms of stress in an unusual or disproportionate manner
stressful event
tense incident that stems from a single occurence or multiple or ongoing tense situations
exposure
treatment for anxiety disorders that subjects individuals to the source of their fear while providing ways to cope
flooding
treatment for anxiety involving prolonged and repeated exposure to the anxiety-provoking situation until the subject's anxiety lessens
Two mood states associated with the manic phase of bipolar disorder include __________ . a. elevate and irritable moods b. elation and euphoria c. energy and displays of unnatural strength or endurance d. fear and depression
A and B
The gradual increase in depression from preschool through grade school can be attributed to __________. a. the child's growing self-awareness b. the child's diet, primarily from the increased consumption of fatty foods and refined sugar c. the onset of puberty d. increased performance and social pressures
A and D
After watching The Walking Dead, James, who has just been diagnosed with GAD, starts worrying about his family, friends, and most of all, himself becoming zombies. Should his mother let him watch next week's episode? a. His mother probably should let him watch the next episode, since such fears are not real and James needs to see that for himself. b. His mother probably should not let him watch the next episode because children with GAD are so impressionable. c. His mother should let him watch the next episode because he will start worrying about something else given the cyclic nature of GAD. d. His mother probably should not let him watch the next episode given clinical features of GAD.
B and D
Martha thought her daughter Alice was just not getting enough sleep as her moodiness changed to fits of crying and even screaming. Eventually, Alice was diagnosed with a severe form of depression attributed to the suicide of a boy at school whom she didn't even know. Martha thought it was just a "phase." What might Dean, the family therapist, say to calm her fears about "being a bad parent"? a. Dean could say that Martha had done the right thing: seeing the family therapist before Alice's depression expressed more dire behaviors. b. It is normal for a parent not to assume the worse and see depression as temporary. c. Martha needs to better "read" her daughter's moods and see things in "crisis mode," especially given that suicide is a factor. d. Many parents don't see depression as not real "just growing pains."
B and D
Why are stressful social interactions with parents, siblings, and other children seen as a negative influence on a child's development? a. They can lead to violence and possible injury and death. b. They produce the various signs of stress that need to be monitored for intervention. c. They can lead to neurobiological changes that can affect social development. d. They may lead to maladaptive interactions learned in childhood.
C and D
social anxiety disorder (SOC) (social phobia)
marked and persistent fear of performance requirements that expose the individual to scrutiny and possible embarrassment
Does the average age of onset occur for Renee? What other statistical fact is consistent in her having GAD? a. Renee probably fits the average onset of early adolescence; however, it is likely that she could have been diagnosed earlier. Renee also shows the higher rate of diagnosis experienced by adolescent females. b. Renee is an outlier in that she was diagnosed with GAD before early adolescence. She also exhibits how much more common GAD is for females. c. Renee fits the average because she experienced GAD symptoms before the age of 13. She does fit the rates of prevalence, which is highest among prepubescent females. d. Renee does not fit the average since she felt some form of general anxiety at an earlier age than most children, that is, before adolescence. Her GAD, however, is consistent with the higher prevalence seen in adolescent females.
a
Given Evander Holyfield's experience with his fear of boxing and yet persevering at it, which of the primary problems did he, in effect, have for the most part: a. A physiological reactions to a perceived threat b. Excessive escape and avoidance behavior c. Distorted information processing d. A sense that he lacked control
a
In addition to their appearance, willingness to trust alternative sources of authority, and youth, children targeted by adults (and even older children) for sexual abuse must also be vulnerable in this respect? a. The targeted child must have a setting that leaves him or her unsupervised. b. The targeted child must spend time alone. c. The abusive adult must be trusted by the family. d. The targeted child must be unsure of themselves.
a
LeBron and LeTonio are identical twins. Their father Terence has been diagnosed with MDD. This means that, based on studies of twins and other studies of the heritability of depression, the twins __________. a. still only have a less than 50 percent chance of suffering from depression b. are 14 times more likely than non-twins c. may not ever develop depression because depression can skip a generation d. have a moderate chance of both developing depression, with at least one twin having a 65 percent chance
a
Mark, 10, doesn't often smile. So, his art teacher tries to give him a reason. She tells him his work looks just "like a cloudy day at the beach." He looks over at another student's cotton ball painting, with the sun's rays in yellow poster paint. "Hers is prettier," he replies, "sunnier." What is the proper term for his style of responding? a. A depressive ruminative style b. Negative thinking c. Self-disparaging style d. Self-critical style
a
Why has the maltreatment of children been seen as "problematic" in the modern period, that is, from the 1800s onward? a. Until the 1800s, the welfare of the child was strictly under the jurisdiction of the head of household. b. Common law, dating to medieval times, has long allowed for corporal punishment. c. Children have long been seen as "small adults." Indeed, childhood is a Victorian construct. d. Children were once considered commodities, not unlike indentured servants or chattel slaves.
a. Until the 1800s, the welfare of the child was strictly under the jurisdiction of the head of household.
Naveen, 15, is Indian and very bright. However, he could not participate in the national spelling bee this year when he began to worry excessively over the event. During the state finals, he complained that his mind just "went blank." The family therapist Dean begins to ask Naveen about the expectations that he and his parents place on academic success. Why would Dean ask this in diagnosing an anxiety disorder? a. To assess the cultural values of Naveen's family and see how these might be correlated with his symptoms. b. To show that he is aware of the stereotype that Indian families place too much emphasis on academics. c. To determine if any of his panic-like symptoms are reported for his ethnicity. d. To advise Naveen's parents, if necessary, to not push him until he has been treated for anxiety and depression.
a
Oscar, 14, plays his drums for an hour and then stop, throwing his sticks into an imaginary audience. Then he spends the next hour sitting in the Lazy Boy and watching the Cartoon Channel. Then he beats on his drums for another hour and sits in front of the television again—"like a catatonic" his mother tells Dean, the family therapist. Dean describes Oscar's symptoms as being more characteristic of __________. a. a cyclothymic disorder b. hypomanic-depressive disorder c. bipolar-ADHD syndrome d. bipolar I disorder
a
Physical changes, especially for girls in __________, seem to be associated with the uptick in panic attacks among adolescents. a. puberty b. romantic relationships c. menses d. sixth through eighth grade
a
Renee has suffered from Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) since her early teens. An estimated 2-3% of U.S. teens experience GAD. Severe GAD symptoms tend to persist into adulthood. At 25, Renee is self-aware enough to know there are two kinds of worry, the day-to-day worry about life and then there is the primary symptom of generalized anxiety disorder, __________. a. worrying about worrying b. future events c. worrying about nothing that can be described d. the piling on of school, finances, and the like
a
That many parents are not certain they can tell their child is suicidal and that many parents are not aware of their children's mental problems highlight the importance of this monitoring intervention. a. School-based screening b. Teaching depressed parents and children problem-solving and coping skills c. Proactive school psychologists d. Parent-student counseling
a
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) estimates that __________ out of a thousand children experience some form of maltreatment. a. nearly 10 b. 25 percent c. nearly 25 d. more than 10
a
The average episode of MDD in clinically referred children is __________. a. about 8 months b. about 8 weeks c. up to a year if the child has a parent with a history of depression d. typically two weeks in accordance with the DSM-5 criteria
a
The greatest impasse for treating sexually abused children is __________. a. knowing exactly what happened to them b. the offending adult, especially an offending parent or sibling c. self-escape from the abuse d. that parents see themselves as the victims rather than the child
a
The most common co-occurring disorder for children and adults diagnosed with selective mutism __________. a. SOC b. Separation anxiety disorder c. SAD d. Panic disorder
a
This season was different. For over a month, Lucas. 12, keeps blocking the door when his parents have bowling night. This surprises them because he was proud that he never needed a babysitter. But now he worries that his parents might be changed into zombies or vampires. Which of the following symptoms for separation anxiety disorder (SAD) does he exhibit? a. Persistent or excessive worry about losing major attachment figures or about possible harm to them, such as illness, injury, disasters, or death. b. Persistent and excessive fear of or reluctance about being alone or without major attachment figures at home or in other settings. c. Persistent and excessive fear of or reluctance about being alone or without major attachment figures at home or in other settings. d. Persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an untoward event (e.g., getting lost, being kidnapped, having an accident, becoming ill) that causes separation from a major attachment figure.
a
Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) incorporates elements of cognitive-behavioral, including humanistic, empowerment, family therapy, and __________ models. a. attachment b. separation c. psychological first aid d. exposure theory
a
Traumatic events cause many forms of abnormal childhood development and can be defined as exposure to? a. extreme or uncommon stressors b. a specific phobia c. violence d. anxiety and depression
a
According to more than one study, males who experienced __________ are at high risk for promiscuity, sexual aggression, and victimization of others, among both males and females, and other inappropriate sexual behaviors. a. any type of maltreatment b. PTSD c. sexual abuse by other males and females d. any type of traumatic event
a. any type of maltreatment
Vicente, 13, admits to his therapist Dean that, as a Hispanic, he always feels "cheated compared to the other kids and that's why I feel bad all the time." Since Vicente comes from a middle-class home, albeit both parents have to work more than one job, what Vicente says supports current research about a child's depression vis-à-vis his or her ethnicity and socioeconomic background? a. For Vicente, that part of the brain that senses reward doesn't connect in a way that makes him feel good about himself. b. Vicente evinces a neurological cause for his depression that is specific to Hispanic children. c. For Vicente, his socioeconomic stress (SES) results in a misperception of his real circumstances and, with that, a precondition for his depression. d. Vicente proves that children from economically stressed backgrounds have a form of depression that is imprinted on the brain early in childhood.
a
What is the annual prevalence of MMD for children between the ages of 4 and 18?. a. 2 percent to 8 percent b. About 6 percent c. Between 5 percent and 12 percent d. half
a
What is the most common diagnosis in children when tested for bipolar? a. The milder forms of BP b. Manic depression c. ADHD d. BP I
a
What physical and mental benefit is derived from the secure attachment to a parent--a benefit that is compromised for children who face the loss (or abuse) of a parent? a. The ability to handle distress that can have a negative impact on the emotions b. A source of positive reinforcement and feedback for mind and body c. Responsive and emotionally involved parents who form a protective barrier from environmental stress d. Fewer misperceptions of interpersonal relationships (i.e., trust, confidence in others)
a
When discussing anxiety, the "fight or flight response" is the __________. a. reaction to perceived danger b. human evolutionary response to danger c. abnormal reaction to imaginary danger d. neurotic paradox in which a perceived fear becomes self-perpetuating
a
Which ethnic group is most often diagnosed with selective mutism? a. None b. Hispanics c. African Americans d. European Americans
a
Which of the following is not one of the four required symptoms for a panic disorder (PD)? a. Tinnitus b. Tingling sensation c. Sweating d. Nausea
a
In addition to the different social roles that are expected of female adolescents and their experiences, what are the other factors that might explain female vulnerability to anxiety? a. Neurobiological differences specific to females b. The genetic difference between males and females c. Hormonal differences, especially during puberty d. Self-reported femininity
a. Neurobiological differences specific to females b. The genetic difference between males and females
Although most often reported in the news, especially between teachers and students, it is not one of the more common forms of neglect. a. Sexual abuse b. Corporal punishment c. Psychological maltreatment d. Physical abuse
a. Sexual abuse
A child who has generalized anxiety disorder refuses to go camping with friends because of rabid bats. He will not go to the multiplex because he is afraid someone will shoot at the audience. In "coping" with what can be real threats, he relies on __________. a. catastrophic thinking b. maladaptive behaviors c. avoidant solutions d. common sense given that both threats are real
a. catastrophic thinking
Tommy responds by telling his teacher, "I don't wanna talk to you right now!" Then he just looks sad and cannot speak to her. Dean explains it is not unusual to see __________ in children who may, in the end, have selective mutism. a. oppositional behavior b. irritability c. disrespect d. OCD
a. oppositional behavior
behavioral inhibition (BI)
ability to delay one's initial reactions to events or to stop actions once they've begun
panic attack
abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort accompanied by four (or more) physical and cognitive symptoms
child maltreatment
abuse and neglect of children by parents or by others responsible for their welfare
fear
alarm reaction to current danger or life-threatening emergencies; marked by strong escape-oriented tendencies
dissociation
altered state of consciousness in which the individual feels detached from the body or self
expectable environment
any external condition or surroundings that are considered to be fundamental and necessary for healthy development
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, over __________ are killed by their parents or caregivers each day in the United States. a. 12 b. 4 c. 100 d. 25
b
According to the psychoanalytic theory of anxieties and phobias, the object of fear serves what purpose for the child? a. As the father's revenge b. As a form of relief c. As a sexual object d. As an object of hate
b
An adolescent diagnosed with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) cannot also be diagnosed with simultaneous __________. a. MDD b. ODD c. ADHD d. CD
b
Behavior therapy techniques that utilize exposure procedures have helped __________ percent of children with anxiety disorders. a. 90 b. 75 c. 35 d. 50
b
Carla, a mother suffering from depression, will surprise her daughter with "something to show I'm not sad all the time." Carla tells the family therapist, Dean, that she just put up an artificial Christmas tree for June 25 to celebrate "Half Christmas." How might Dean interpret this as a matter of parenting and depression? a. Dean sees Carla treating herself her depression, not addressing the child's real needs. b. Carla's unpredictable displays are intended to compensate for not meeting the day-to-day emotional needs of Melanie. c. Carla is hoping that making her daughter happy will provide for her own emotional needs. d. Carla may have bipolar disorder since she needs more than one Christmas to show her love.
b
Children with one of the anxiety disorder can cost 20 times more than those from the general population because of the __________ costs. a. family b. societal c. psychiatric treatment d. health care
b
Compared to other theories of depression, __________ theories see clinical depression in children as rare to nonexistent. a. behavioral b. psychodynamic c. cognitive d. attachment
b
Evolutionary theory argues that infants possess relevant fears of the natural environment because they __________. a. inherit various primal fears b. are predisposed to learn them c. possess a rare vestigial instinct d. quickly adapt to new natural dangers based on ancient paradigms
b
HPA-axis abnormalities and dysregulation respond to stressors in the environment by the release of __________. a. BDNF b. adrenaline c. cortisol d. hormones
c
For several days, sometimes only a month apart, Megan, 15, felt depressed, bloated, irritable, took no pleasure in cheerleading, could not sleep, and felt tired for days. Her doctor assured her that she likely did not have major depressive disorder. Why? a. Her doctor most likely saw her symptoms premenstrual syndrome. b. Megan's symptoms did not occur in the same 2-week period. c. Megan's episodes of depression were far enough apart to suggest another form of depression that comes with obesity. d. Megan displayed none of the cognitive problems associated with MDD.
b
For the second summer in a row, Jimmy, 8, won't wear a bathing suit because "I'm a fat kid" and so won't go to the public pool unless his mother makes him. Once at the pool, he refuses to change his clothes and instead plays in the pool's video arcade until it is time to leave. Should Dean, his therapist, diagnose him as a child with SOC? a. Jimmy's avoidance is persistent, from summer to summer. So, it typically last for 6 months or more. b. No, Jimmy, being obese, has a medical condition. c. Jimmy's fear or anxiety is marked by a social situation in which he is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. d. Yes, Jimmy's fear is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the sociocultural context.
b
Given the recurrence of depression in young people, the high comorbidity, associated deficits, and other variables, which of the following statements best states the challenges of "getting well" with depression? a. There is always a small risk of suicide for adolescents during or post treatment. b. There is no one treatment for depression with a definite beginning and end. c. Most forms of treatment require medication. d. As they get older, adolescents are more often noncompliant with their medications and begin to use "street drugs."
b
In a group discussion with several parents of children who have suffered some form of abuse, Dean discusses one of the most important elements of the continuum of parental emotional sensitivity and expression. "Where would you list cussing at your child in that list?" he asks. What is the right answer? a. Coercive methods b. Emotional tone and delivery c. Cruel and harsh control methods d. Being firm under certain cultural contexts
b
In addition to avoiding situations that an adolescent believes will cause him or her another panic attack, another maladaptive form of self-treatment includes __________. a. suicide b. substance abuse c. reckless behaviors to overcome fear d. promiscuity
b
In what way do schools facilitate cognitive-behavioral interventions in helping children after a traumatic incident has occurred to children or people they know? a. Schools can identify students who are at special risk for PTSD. b. Schools can bring in specially trained counselors or adopt appropriate "first aid" programs. c. Schools can provide "safe spaces." d. Schools can allow children to express their grief, loss, or fear.
b
Jimmy, 13, will not go near the deep-end of the pool or the high diving board. A year ago, he had to be carried down by the life guard after suffering a panic attack on the ladder. What feature of PD and agoraphobia does Jimmy's behavior exhibit? a. Humiliation b. Avoidance c. Emasculation d. Fear of water
b
Lolly, 15, wakes up from any kind of dream. Last night, it was a pleasant one or so it seemed when she described what happened. She was just riding her bicycle through a maze of tall, wind-tossed trees. Then she bolted up in bed, breathing hard and sweating. This experience is mostly associated with which of the following anxiety disorders? a. GAD b. PD c. Specific phobia d. SAD
b
Maggie, 14, explains to Dean that seeing him is pointless. "You can't help me like people, like myself!" Why would Dean see this as a cue that cannot be ignored by him, her parents, teachers, and friends? a. Maggie is confused. She either hates all people or hates herself. b. Such cues are serious because they express the child's hopelessness. c. Maggie is clearly suicidal. d. Maggie's depression may result in disruptive behaviors, such as lashing out at the well-meaning.
b
Marcie and Will, both 15, had been "steadies" since middle school. Will died in a car accident and Marcie, a year later, still can see his face in the coffin. Dean, her therapist, tells her such memories can be a criterion for __________. a. adjustment disorder acute stress disorder b. post-traumatic stress disorder c. a flashback stressor d. separation anxiety
b
Most young people diagnosed with BP experience their first episode ___________. a. during the early onset period, between the age of 5 and 10. b. between the ages of 15 and 19 c. after a period of anxiety or depression d. by age 10
b
Of all the various mood disorders, __________ is marked by frequent verbal temper outbursts. a. Major depressive disorder (MDD) b. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) c. Bipolar disorder (BP) d. Dysthymia
b
Some children are hardly passive when they experience depression. They can also express themselves with __________. a. a loss of interest in favorite physical activities b. episodes of irritability c. extreme forms of sadness d. feelings of euphoria
b
That part of the brain that responds to reward anticipation is called the __________. a. cortex b. ventral striatum c. central striatum d. posterior medula
b
The condition in which children with anxiety remain alert to potential threats and danger is called __________. a. the fight-or-flight response b. hypervigilance c. hyperawareness d. premeditated vigilance
b
The most common co-occurring symptom of depression is ___________. a. sadness b. irritability c. suicidal ideation d. rapid eye movement
b
The most common morbidities for agoraphobia are __________. a. SAD b. other anxiety disorders c. claustrophobia d. ADHD
b
The most commonly reported form of child maltreatment is: a. Physical abuse b. Neglect c. Sexual abuse d. Emotional abuse
b
The prevalence of P-DD among adolescents is approximately __________. a. half of that for adolescents with other depressive disorders b. 5 percent c. 1 percent d. 10 percent
b
Virtually identical genetic copies of a parent's anxiety disorder can be inherited by his or her offspring. Is this statement accurate. a. Yes, if the parent is frightened by spiders, the child will have arachnophobia. b. No, the child's anxiety order can take another form. c. Yes, but the child's anxiety will typically feature more fear and depression. d. No, the child will have another type of anxiety altogether.
b
What is the flawed notion in the term "free-floating anxiety"? a. "Free-floating anxiety" is flawed because anxiety must "land," that is, focus on one thing. b. None, but the term doesn't place the emphasis on how a child fixates on different objects of fear. c. Anxiety is only experienced in a free-floating state, without a specific object. d. Free-floating anxiety" suggests a fixed set or network of fear-producing objects or scenarios.
b
What is the primary difference between children diagnosed with persistent depressive disorder (P-DD) and other depressive disorders, such as MDD? a. Children with P-DD have symptoms that are more severe than MDD. b. Children with P-DD have symptoms that are less severe than MDD. c. Children with P-DD will not laugh whereas children with MDD will laugh from time to time. d. Children with P-DD have co-occurring eating and sleep disorders that do not exist among children with MDD.
b
Which of the following anxiety disorders co-occur with GAD? a. SAD b. MDD c. Low self-esteem d. Specific phobias
b
Which of the following statements suggests how GAD is a tenacious disorder? a. GAD combines with other anxiety disorders and becomes impossible to treat separately. b. GAD is often rediagnosed in the same children at different ages c. GAD can morph into other disorders. d. Rates of remission are fairly high.
b
According to one 2002 study, __________ experienced some form of major trauma before their sixteenth birthday. a. 50 percent of all young people b. 1 in 4 youths c. nearly every child in the study d. 1 in 4 girls
b. 1 in 4 youths
Despite the fact that fear and anxiety are normal for children, __________ percent of parents see their children as overly fearful or anxious. a. 75 b. 25 c. 11 d. 34
b. 25
Are children with obsessive-compulsive disorder self-aware of their obsessions and compulsion? If they are, what evidence is there for this? a. No, for the child allows him or herself to be overwhelmed as they "ramp up" their compulsive behavior, which is subject to the law of diminishing returns. b. Yes, for many children know to conceal their behaviors to avoid ridicule and/or being forced to confront and stop them. c. Yes, because compulsions are intended to alleviate stress and one must be self-aware to self-treat. d. No, especially when they are resistant to reason.
b. Yes, for many children know to conceal their behaviors to avoid ridicule and/or being forced to confront and stop them.
According the DSM-5's criteria for RAD and DSED can be diagnosed for children __________. a. between the ages of 9 months and 5 years b. up until the age of 5 c. no younger than 9 months d. from the age of 9 months until adolescence
c
According to Watson and Raynor, for a specific phobia, the object of fear provides __________. a. negative reinforcement b. relief when the object engenders fear (cf. an "adrenalin rush") c. a reward in the form of relief when the object is avoided d. positive reinforcement
c
Ahmed's father has been diagnosed with MDD. This, in part, may explain Ahmed's first symptoms of depression. How many more times likely is his diagnoses likely to be similar to his father's? a. 25 b. 75 c. 14 d. 50
c
Approximately 45% of deaths from maltreatment occur in children: a. less than 6 years old. b. between 3-5 years old. c. less than 1 year old. d. over 7 years old.
c
Bella begs her mother to buy not one but two boxes of sanitary wipes. Bella has an obsessive-compulsive disorder related to catching colds and her worst fear—"rotavirus flu"—because of the vomiting and diarrhea. What is the best way for Bella's mother to handle such requests? a. Bella's mother should vary the kinds of compulsive need fulfillment that Bella requires, such as buying her a pump bottle of hand gel. b. Bella's mother should not facilitate Bella's OCD. She should tell her to "get over it" (i.e. the "tough medicine" approach). c. Since getting sick is a real concern, Bella's mother should discuss such requests with her therapist first. d. Since proper hygiene trumps reinforcing OCD, it might be better to buy the wipes and ration them out.
c
Comorbid disorders occur in __________ of children with OCD. a. nearly 100 percent b. over three-quarters c. at least 50 percent d. about 25 percent
c
Consider behavioral and psychodynamic theories of depression. Which example below is a significant change in a child's life or environment that can be a key factor for both theories? a. Parental separation b. The death of a love object c. The death of a loved one d. A lack of positive reinforcement
c
Dean, Monique's therapist, attributes her low-test scores for a college entrance exam to the P-DD that impacted her grade and middle school years. What research does he rely on for this observation? a. Research that shows depressed students are less likely to be motivated to achieve b. Research that shows a deficit in psycho-intellectual functioning c. Research that associates the long-lasting effects of P-DD on cognitive development d. Research that suggests students with P-DD have a co-occurring intellectual disability
c
Dory is afraid of spiders and afraid of being seen afraid of spiders because she doesn't want to be "teased or the made fun of." What kind of phobia does she have? a. Arachnophobia only b. SOC with a co-occurring specific phobia c. Arachnophobia with co-occurring SOC d. SOC only
c
Evan is reticent about speaking to the rest of the class. Not only do his classmates find him "weird," so does his teacher? "I can't figure out why he tests well but just hyperventilates and stammers when I ask him a simple question ... it's just weird." Why might Evan not be diagnosed properly and in a timely way for a social anxiety (likely SOC)? a. His stammer will likely not alert the teacher to treating Evan as a child with a social phobia. b. Evan has one of the rarest anxiety disorders, selective mutism. c. His teacher may never inform the parent. They, in turn, may never know he has SOC or something else. d. The features of his disorder are not pronounced enough for the teacher (or his classmates) to take seriously.
c
Given the many associations that depressive symptoms have with a child's academic and intellectual functioning, this association __________. a. is strong in the broad sense b. primarily experienced in nonverbal skills c. is still weak in the broad sense d. primarily experienced in verbal skills
c
Jimmy waited for the next child to dive from the high board. Then it was his turn. Standing at the edge of the board, he looks down and sees the deep end below and then sees himself landing on his belly, and the other kids laughing at him. The life guard orders him to climb down the ladder. Did he experience anxiety, fear, or panic? a. Jimmy experiences fear. b. Jimmy panicked. c. Jimmy experienced anxiety. d. Jimmy experienced anxiety, fear, and panic in that order.
c
Lisa had cancer in middle school. Since then, the disease has been in remission for over a year year. Yet she started to touching her hair and sometimes plucking out individual hairs to "make sure it's staying in." Could she have hair-pulling disorder? a. Yes, her hair pulling is associated with preventing a dreaded event, that is, the return of her cancer. b. No, Lisa has another stress disorder unrelated to OCD and OCD-type behaviors. c. Possibly, for Lisa associates hair loss with the cancer, a medical condition that cannot be the real cause for her behavior. (Getting cancer again is, nevertheless, the cause of her obsession and compulsive hair pulling.) d. Not likely, for Lisa's hair pulling is associated with another medical condition.
c
Maggie sees herself as overweight and exhibits many expressions of low self-esteem. What theory of depression emphasizes her mood and vulnerability for further, more dire symptoms? a. Behavioral theories b. The self-control theory c. Cognitive theories d. The depressogenic theory
c
Max, 7, not only collects dye-cast tanks, he leaves them in their bubble packs ("to keep them perfect"), and lines them up "for war" in front of his favorite animé monster cartoons. He does this routinely at the babysitter's house. If he truly has an obsession, which of these symptoms should his family therapist Dean characterize first? a. Max's collecting, which clearly indicates hoarding. b. Dean should consider the babysitter's home, where Max may feel some unspecified anxiety. c. Either one is a valid starting point. d. Max's lining up his toys in front of the television, a repetitive behavior indicating OCD.
c
Mindy, 32, still has problems holding her own at company parties, picnics, and even meeting friends at Starbucks. She has been under treatment for SOC since middle school. How long, on average, should she expect to be "like me." a. Until her late 40s b. Not since her early 20s c. Until her mid- or late 30s d. Her entire life
c
More than boys, girls experience anxiety and are more likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Which of the following is least likely to be a possible reason for this variation? a. Girls may have a genetic vulnerability. b. Boys may report their anxiety far less than girls. c. Boys perceive anxiety as effeminate. d. Girls may have a neurobiological difference
c
Primary and Secondary Control Enhancement Training (PASCET) and like interventions are derived from __________. a. the cognitive therapy tradition b. the behavioral therapy tradition c. behavior therapy and cognitive therapy d. the psychosocial tradition
c
SSRIs are most effective when used in treating _________. a. SOC b. Specific phobias c. OCD d. SAD
c
Teddy, 7, refuses to go outside in the dark. Ever since watching a documentary about UFOs, he is afraid that he will abducted. A plane, with its flashing lights in the night sky, terrifies him now. Which primary criterion for a specific phobia best describes his phobia? a. The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety. b. Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood). c. None, since Teddy's fear is more in keeping with an obsession. d. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation and to the sociocultural context.
c
The DSM-5 criteria for selective mutism if stringent due to the conditions rarity. Which of the following children might be disqualified? a. Jessica has always been painfully shy. Her shyness has taken a new course in that she cannot sing in the choir as she once did. b. Marty, 8, who has ODD, refuses to speak to his mother's new boyfriend. For over a month, he "just clams up" until the boyfriend is gone. c. Wilson has a stutter. Recently, he decided to "cure it" by just not talking at school. d. Rayshawn, 6, will not speak when called on in class.
c
The operant word for what a child should expect from his or her caregiving environment between what that child demands and how to respond to that need is __________. a. community support as well as parental competence b. adequate parental knowledge c. the right balance d. stimulation
c
To meet the DSM-5 criteria for a specific phobia, a child must show fear or anxiety for a minimum of __________. a. 6 weeks b. 1 year c. 6 months d. 1 month
c
Travis, 4, requires special monitoring when his preschool class goes to the Sunshine Farm, a petting zoo for rescued farm animals. When his class lines up to be counted or to walk as a group, he has been known to leave the line and wander off by himself. Dean, during his monthly seminar for preschool caregivers, says such behavior requires __________ for it to be disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). a. something that Travis found that made him comfortable (such as revisiting an animal) b. a person Travis mistakes as a caregiver c. an unfamiliar adult d. an attractive nuisance
c
What chemical is produced by the "deep blue place"? a. GABA b. Neurotoxins c. Norepinephrine, d. Cortisol
c
What distinguishes generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) from other anxiety disorders? a. Feeling ill or exhausted b. Fear of accidents c. Fear that is not focused on any one thing d. Fear of situations, such as an impending exam
c
What interaction could be called the "vicious circle" the child with DMDD and his or her parents? a. The vicarious feelings of social isolation that the parent's experience through the child. b. The downward spiral in the way the child is unresponsive to a parent's love and care. c. How the child's irritability is met by parents who respond in kind. d. The "vicious circle" is the cyclic nature of DMDD, with very few "eyes in the storm" of a child's irritability.
c
What is MDD's "double standard"? a. MDD affects adult women for twice as long. b. African Americans are more than twice as likely not to be diagnosed with MDD and benefit from treatment. c. Twice as many females than males suffer from depression. d. Boys are twice as likely not to be diagnosed with depression as girls.
c
What kind of exposure does cognitive-behavioral therapy rely on in treating children and families for trauma and maltreatment? a. Imagined, role-playing, and the like b. Disaster focused c. Primary or secondary victimhood d. Self-exposure
c
Which of the following "steps" would be out of place in a stepped program for the treatment of an anxiety disorder? a. A classroom talk given by an adult who overcame her extreme shyness b. A pamphlet on dealing with a child with OCD c. SSRIs d. A Web site devoted to dealing with specific phobias
c
Which of the following brain structures does not play a major role in how a child reacts to unexpected events (like the little girl who is unsurprised by the boy shouting "Boo!")? a. Frontal cortex b. Anterior cingulate c. Cochlear or acoustic nerves d. Amygdala
c
Which of the following is an example of "limited positive affect" in the case of a child with reactive attachment disorder (RAD)? a. A lack of any discernable separation anxiety b. Expressions of sadness at being comforted c. An inability to react to expressions of care or comfort d. Outbursts of fear in the presence of smiling adults
c
Why is school reluctance and refusal not a separate anxiety disorder? a. Because it is a fear of open spaces (i.e. agoraphobia) b. Because it is a fear of failure. c. Because it is a form of separation anxiety d. Because it is a fear of authority
c
meredith can talk with ease and a sense of humor and confidence among her friends. She is, however, impossible to hear when she is asked to read aloud in class. Her therapist Dean shares with her a special term, __________, which is a common feature of SOC. a. mutism b. the continuum of severity c. fear of performance situations d. the performance-only specifier
c
Why is childhood trauma seen as the "hidden epidemic"? a. Childhood trauma is the leading stressor for anxiety and depression disorders. b. Childhood trauma has led to an outbreak of PTSD. c. Childhood trauma is very likely linked to serious mental health consequences. d. The focus on the maltreatment and sexual abuse of children by the justice system has resulted in a virtual epidemic of caseloads in U.S. courts.
c. Childhood trauma is very likely linked to serious mental health consequences.
In the example of Jack in "A Closer Look," which of the following descriptions might best describe their parenting style in addition to being "overprotective"? It is what the education program for the parents focused on most in the narrative. a. Facilitating b. Damaging c. Compensating d. Inhibitory
c. Compensating
According to Bowlby's theory of attachment, which of the following is the primary cause for separation anxiety? a. Fear of strangers b. Maternal neglect c. Early insecure attachments d. Harsh treatment by the mother
c. Early insecure attachments
Emmett experiences heart palpitations on the night before he is to give a speech in his communication seminar. He insists on being taken to the ER. Has he experienced anxiety, fear, panic, or a combination? a. Emmett has experienced panic only, for there is no present danger. b. Emmett has experienced fear, that is, the fear of failure and the need to escape it. c. Emmett has experienced a panic attack that comes with his anxiety over giving his speech. d. Emmett has experienced both fear and panic, for he shows the symptoms of panic as well as fear.
c. Emmett has experienced a panic attack that comes with his anxiety over giving his speech.
How common is SOC? a. Twelve percent of all young people will experience SOC at some point during their childhood. b. SOC is uncommon, affecting only 6 percent of all children. c. It can affect between 6 percent and 12 percent of people during their lifetime. d. It can affect between 6 percent and 12 percent of girls and boys before they reach 18.
c. It can affect between 6 percent and 12 percent of people during their lifetime.
"You actually will feel it viscerally," Dean tells the classroom during one of his talks about managing stress. In addition to such elements as a strong negative emotion and fear, Dean also means __________. a. depression b. hair pulling c. bodily symptoms d. nausea
c. bodily symptoms
Pillar describes to Dean how she feels when her prom date tried to kiss her. "It was like I was a ghost or something." Knowing that she was raped by her stepfather at the age of 8, Dean tells her that comes from __________. a. guilt b. a desire to escape c. disassociation d. sexual adjustment
c. disassociation
information-processing disturbance
cognitive misperception and distortion in the way events are perceived and interpreted
two-factor theory
concept used to explain learning and maintenance of fears through a combination of classical and operant conditioning
panic disorder (PD)
condition characterized by sudden feelings of terror that strike repeatedly and without warning
Although Allysha is a young adult—when most people are diagnosed with bipolar disorder—she recounts her childhood and adolescence. She mentions or implies that she exhibited the full range of behaviors characteristic of BP in children, except __________. a. Agitation, irritability, rage b. Psychotic episodes c. Restlessness, overexcited behaviors d. Suicidal ideation
d
Anxiety is expressed by each of the following response systems except __________. a. physical b. cognitive c. behavioral d. emotional
d
Children exposed to chronic or severe situations involving death or injury are more vulnerable to __________. a. Trauma b. developmental problems and setbacks c. somatic signs of distress d. PTSD
d
Children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) mitigate their fears with all of the following except __________. a. neutralizing acts b. compulsive behaviors c. irrational behaviors lacking any purpose d. unintentional behaviors
d
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) teaches all of the following except __________. a. how their own thoughts contribute to their anxiety b. relaxation c. positive reinforcement d. internalizing symptoms
d
Despite the fact that Sheila avoids looking at her entire body—whether it be the mirror in the hallway or her slimmer sister's "honking big" ballet mirror—her mother describes her to the family therapist as essentially a "happy child" who "can still smile for her class picture, still laugh at funny things, still take pleasure in food (of all things)!" Dean explains that children with anxiety often display a higher __________ than children who are depressed. a. negative affectivity b. self-delusion c. self-control d. positive affectivity
d
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new classification intended to correct the misdiagnoses of __________ in young children. a. MDD b. Manic depression c. ADHD d. bipolar disorder
d
During a parent-teacher meeting about taking preventive measures for children who are at risk for depression, Dean discusses how important it is in his profession to know if any parent or guardian has a history of a depressive disorder. Why should he bring this subject up? a. There is a higher incidence of heritable depression and an at-risk child. b. Such parents are more likely to be in denial and not be willing to seek help for their child. c. The most important and obvious preventive measure for at-risk children begins with treatment of a parent or guardian with depression. d. Children who have a parent (or guardian) who suffers from depression are far more likely to develop depression themselves.
d
Every year, there are _____ reports of maltreatment made in the United States. a. 500,000 b. 100,000 c. 1,000,000 d. 3,000,000
d
Family interventions that recognize the concept of "prevention before occurrence" should begin with which of the following first? a. Inform parents that physical abuse and neglect are not only wrong but against the law. b. Teaching children how to recognize what abuse is and how it is not normal. c. Teaching parents basic child-rearing skills. d. Teaching parents how to enjoy being around their children.
d
Given Alyssha's candidness about the pleasure she finds in "cutting," what form of treatment seems to be ongoing in managing her BP? a. Family and peer intervention b. Medication c. Psychiatric care d. Emotion regulation
d
Given the changes in how DMDD has been defined, it has only recently been classified __________ in the DSM-5. a. as a temper dysregulation disorder b. as a severe mood dysregulation disorder c. as not a mild form of Tourette's syndrome d. as one of the depressive disorders
d
If you carefully observed Renee in her apartment, what might lead a therapist to consider that Renee's disturbance might have a co-occurring issue or even be due to something else that could better explain her ongoing symptoms? a. Renee's obvious obsession with neatness and arranging things. b. The obvious lack of close friends and her reliance on a companion animal. c. Renee's obvious frustration with her notebooks. d. The empty bottles of alcoholic beverages she collects and displays above her kitchen cabinets.
d
In studies of identical twins, where one is diagnosed with BP, there is 65 percent chance the other twin will be diagnosed with BP too. What does such a finding suggest? a. The evidence suggests that possibly more than one genetic vulnerability exists. b. A genetic predisposition for BP exists and may simply present itself at different times. c. Environmental factors account for the other 35 percent. d. A genetic predisposition for BP is likely, however, other factors play a part, too.
d
The future trend in preventing child abuse and neglect will increasingly treat these problems as __________ a. with the involvement of the court system b. with the increasing participation of pediatric primary care providers c. as a cognitive development issue d. as a public health matter
d. as a public health matter
Kelli, who identifies as female, has twice tried to kill herself in the past. Although her vegan mother worries about the side effects of so many chemicals in Kelli's body, Dean, their family therapist, recommends that her daughter continue with antidepressants as well as hormone therapy. What evidence might be compelling for his advice? a. Transgender adolescents have a higher incidence of suicide and antidepressants is virtually a mandatory prophylaxis against suicidal ideation. b. Due to the mood swings in hormone therapy, antidepressants will have a beneficial role that far outweighs drug complications. c. Although there can be risks of drug interactions, antidepressants and hormone therapy can be done simultaneously. d. Statistics show that the use of antidepressants is correlated with a lower incidence of suicide among young people.
d
Maggie cannot stand to see herself in the swimming pool with others looking at her, who may see her as "so fat" despite the fact that she is over 5 feet tall and has a normal body weight for her body type. What role does her self-image play in depression? a. It reveals her own incompetence about her negative body image. b. It internalizes her body shaming. c. It is the most observable manifestation of Maggie's preexisting depression. d. Maggie's perception of herself may heighten her risk for depression.
d
Maggie continues telling Dean about herself. "I don't have friends. In fact, my friends are chickens around me. They flock together and run away." Dean explains to her about the pathways that her low social status has taken. "Well, clearly you don't sound to me as socially helpless, but there is a second path being taken here." What is that path in Maggie's case? a. Maggie is on the path of social isolation and a higher risk of DMDD. b. Maggie will eventually fall in with other "outsiders," who will then reinforce each other's negative self-esteem. c. Maggie is on that path where she will be socially helpless once her friends ultimately neglect her. d. Maggie may be on an aggressive path, where she faces rejection by her peers
d
Maria, a single parent and a mother, considers 13-year-old son her best friend. She even relaxes and smokes a joint with him now and then from his supply or hers. How might such a parenting style be categorized? a. Positive and liberal, in that Maria is really being supportive, encouraging her son to be independent. b. Dysfunctional, for Maria is being unclear about rules for safety and health. c. Negative, for Maria shows takes advantage of her child's dependency. d. Negative, especially in regard to exploiting the child for the parent's benefit.
d
ODD and CD can occurs in as many as __________ percent of children and adolescents with BP? a. 50 b. 90 c. 25 d. 80
d
Social anxiety disorder (SOC), according to the diagnostic criteria, must occur when the child is __________. a. among adults b. alone with him or herself as well as with peers c. among different age groups, but not adults d. among other children, typically his or her own age
d
The behavior lens proposed by Weisz and colleagues sees child psychopathologies as partly a child's behavior and how it is __________. a. perceived by members of other cultures b. diagnosed by clinicians of the same culture c. diagnosed by clinicians who are culturally sensitive d. perceived by members of the same culture
d
The most salient feature of DMDD is __________. a. disruptive behavior b. depression coupled with temper tantrums c. infantile colic d. severe irritability
d
The tragic phenomenon of "copycat suicides" among adolescents can, in part, be attributed to __________. a. a form of peer pressure, that is, a desire to famous like the suicide victim b. the lack of skills adolescents have for emotion regulation c. the misperception of blame, which is often symptom of some depressive disorders d. the many young people who develop a depressive disorder within 6 months of the loss of a friend or peer.
d
Unlike, MDD, what makes P-DD of concern for educators as well as mental health care professionals is __________. a. that 30 percent of a child's life is spent chronically depressed b. its co-occurring ADHD c. the intellectual disability that can last throughout grade school d. its deleterious impact on a child's development
d
What DSM-5 criteria might change the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) in the subject Joey? a. A violent act, such as getting into a fight with another child b. Suicidal ideation c. Weight loss rather than weight gain d. A manic episode, where he might burst into laughter rather than tears
d
What distinguishes MDD from persistent depressive disorder (P-DD)? a. More children are diagnosed with P-DD, which is one reason why it is a new category in the DSM-5. b. P-DD is the "PDQ" of depressive disorders and, because of its short durations, often confused with the "downs" experienced by children with bipolar disorder. c. The symptoms for P-DD are both chronic and far more severe. d. P-DD is a chronic condition that does not respond well to treatment.
d
Which of the following is not part of the attachment theory sequence for a child with depression? a. Protest b. Detachment c. Despair d. Disaffection
d
Which of the following medications has the FDA approved for use in treating children with BP? a. Atypical antipsychotics b. Valium c. Lipitor d. Lithium
d
Which of the following statements is least likely to be an example of ruminative coping? a. To hang out with the other girls and look older, like them, Joyce tried to stuff her bra. But the results looked stupid in the mirror. b. "If she doesn't want to talk to me, I won't to talk to her." c. Lila goes off by herself and writes in her journal, "What is wrong with me? Why does everyone hate me?" d. Undine takes her tray and sits down at the lunch table with the girls she thinks are spreading rumors about her.
d
Why is it possible that the estimates of depression for young people are still too low? a. There is a stigma attached to self-reporting depression. b. Many children just don't know that they are depressed. c. The criteria for MDD are too stringent. d. The number of children diagnosed with MDD do not account for how widespread depression is.
d
The total lifetime economic costs related to maltreated children and adolescents in the United States has been estimated to be __________. a. $129 million b. $100 million c. $60 billion d. $124 billion
d. $124 billion
Together, both individual and family interventions may result in dramatic and lasting effects. This was seen in one study, where __________ percent of the children with an anxiety disorder saw such improvement. a. 90 b. 50 c. 25 d. 70
d. 70
Why is agoraphobia considered to be a separate anxiety disorder? Most research published about young people consider it alongside panic disorder. a. The "panic" experienced in agoraphobia can more easily be anticipated and avoided; for that reason, it is rarely unexpected. b. Agoraphobia more closely resembles the criteria for generalized anxiety and is not really a panic disorder in the classic sense. c. Agoraphobia is a fear of large and open space; a specifier that does not always apply to panic situations, which can occur anywhere. d. A person can experience agoraphobia with symptoms that do not rise to panic.
d. A person can experience agoraphobia with symptoms that do not rise to panic.
Although reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) are restricted to the early years of a child's life, they can result in __________ later in childhood. a. poor parent-child attachment b. ADHD c. impulsivity d. delays in cognitive and socioemotional development
d. delays in cognitive and socioemotional development
Ashley has been sexually assaulted at school, raped by her mother's boyfriend, and been beaten by her mother in a jealous rage. Her experience can be clinically stated as __________. a. sexual abuse with specifiers b. hypervictimization c. gross sexual imposition d. polyvictimization
d. polyvictimization
school refusal behavior
denial by children to attend classes
agoraphobia
disorder characterized by a fear of being alone in places or situations from which escape may be difficult
reactive attachment disorder (RAD)
disorder characterized by a pattern of disturbed and developmentally inappropriate attachment behaviors
disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED)
disorder characterized by a pattern of overly familiar and culturally inappropriate behavior with relative strangers
Hoarding Disorder
disorder characterized by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value
Body Dismorphic Disorder (BDD)
disorder characterized by preoccupation with defects or flaws in physical appearance that aren't observable by others
Excoriation Disorder
disorder characterized by recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions and significant impairment in life functioning
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images usually causing anxiety or distress
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
disorder in which the subject experiences chronic or exaggerated worry and tension, almost always anticipating disaster
selective mutism
disorder involving a consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations
relational disorder
disorder that occurs in the context of relationships, such as child abuse and neglect
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
disorder wherein the child displays persistent anxiety following exposure to or witnessing of an overwhelming upsetting event
physical neglect
failure to provide for a child's basic corporal needs, including lack of health care or food
educational neglect
failure to provide for a child's basic intellectual needs, including allowing chronic truancy
emotional neglect
failure to provide for a child's feelings, including marked inattention to the child's needs for affection
acute stress disorder
immediate reaction after exposure to an extreme trauma characterized by symptoms associated with negative mood, dissociation and avoidance
physical abuse
infliction or risk of bodily injury as a result of punching, beating, or otherwise intentionally harming a child
graded exposure
measured subjection of an individual to a feared situation
psychological abuse
mistreatment involving actions by parents or caregivers that cause serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or mental disorders
sexual abuse
mistreatment of children that includes fondling a child's genitals, intercourse, incest, rape, sodomy, exhibitionism, and exploitation
anxiety
mood state characterized by strong negative affect, bodily symptoms of tension, and apprehensive anticipation of future danger
traumatic sexualization
outcome of child sexual abuse, wherein the child's sexual knowledge and behavior are shaped in developmentally inappropriate ways
neurotic paradox
pattern of self-perpetuating behavior in which overly-anxious children are unable to abandon their self-defeating behaviors
negative affectivity
persistent pessimistic mood evidenced by nervousness, sadness, anger, and guilt
positive affectivity
persistent upbeat mood as reflected in states such as joy, enthusiasm, and energy
obsession
persistent, intrusive, and irrational thought, idea, impulse, or image that focuses on improbable or unrealistic events
response prevention
procedure used in treating anxiety that prevents the child from engaging in escape or avoidance behaviors
emotion regulation
process by which emotional arousal is redirected, controlled, or modified to facilitate adaptive functioning
allostatic load
progressive "wear and tear" on biological systems caused by chronic stress
cycle-of-violence hypothesis
repetition of patterns of violent behavior across generations
compulsion
repetitive, purposeful, and intentional behavior or mental act performed in response to an irrational thought
systematic desensitization
treatment for anxiety whereby with repeated presentation, the child feels relaxed in the presence of stimuli that previously provoked anxiety