Animal Science 101L Exam Questions
nutritionally, what is the biggest difference between beef and beans
beef has more protein
which two animal products were more expensive compared to non animal counter part
beef vs beans and wool vs synthetic
which compartment of the ruminant stomach is the largest a. reticulum b. rumen c. omasum d. abomasum
b. rumen
a steer of 1300 lbs will have about how much ribeye area
14 square inches
F/G is another way of recording or showing what?
Feed efficiency
a rule of thumb to determine amount of feed needed for a mature animal is approximately ___ of body weight in dry matter a. 1% b. 2% c. 3% d. 4%
b. 2%
pork sausage like we will make in lab is an example of which type of sausage a. fresh b. cooked and smoked c. dry or semi dry d. speciality product
a. fresh
in the example rations given for the ruminant nutrition center, approximately what percent of diet is silage? a. less than 10% b. 10-15% c. 15-20%
a. less than 10%
explain how fat thickness is important in determining yield grade
fat thickness at the 12th rib determines Preliminary yield grade. This is the final and most important factor in determining final yield grade
docking tail in pigs prevents what
tail biting
what is used to determine if a ewe is pregnant or not
ultrasound
true or false, lamb yield grades are 1,2,3,4,5
true
average market hog today has 10th rib backfat thickness is closest to how many inches
.7 in
what has the biggest effect on calculating percent lean or percent muscle of a pork carcass
10th rib fat
average lamb dressing percentage is
54%
which food products had cholesterol
all the animal products
explain how weight and muscling work together to affect yield grade
as an animal increases in weight, it is expected to have more muscling (1.1 sq in of ribeye area per 100 lbs). if a steer is lighter muscled than we expect it to have a high yield grade and lower percent of retail cuts.
what factor will affect the yield of lean meat the most
backfat thickness
describe the locations you would look to evaluate fat thickness on steers
brisket, top, tailhead, behind the shoulder, flank, and cod. as these areas get bigger, the fatter the steer is getting. the smoother the steer gets the fatter it becomes
the ideal BCS for cows in terms of efficiency and fertility is closet to a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
c. 5
which of the following is NOT a term that will be discussed during the dairy tour a. hutch b. mattress c. ADG d. free stall
c. ADG
tilting head, sudden onset of head shyness, quidding and selective eating are all signs of what in horses a. age b. poor feed quality c. a sore mouth
c. a sore mouth
castration of male pigs helps with what? a. poor weight gains b. decrease muscling c. off odors in meat
c. off odors in the meat
which type of milking parlor does the dairy unit have? a. carousel b. herringbone c. parallel d. stanchion and pipeline
c. parallel
which of the following steers would likely have the highest price/cwt a. choice YG 3 b. Choice YG 4 c. prime YG 2 d. select YG 2
c. prime YG 2
the size and the shape of the _____ differ greatly between the cow and the sow, primarily because the sow has litters of pigs a. cervix b. ovaries c. uterine horn d. vagina
c. uterine horn
which of the following are production factors that are important to the profitability of a feedlot a. rate of gain b. carcass comp c. feed efficiency d. all of the above
d. all of the above
which of the following factors are used to calculate a "% muscle" and estimate the yield of lean meat from a market hog a. weight b. backfat thickness c. loin eye area d. all of the above
d. all of the above
which of the following types of microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of feeds a. bacteria b. fungi c. protozoa d. all of the above
d. all of the above
care practices for newborn lambs include a. dip naval in iodine b. evaluate colostrum intake c. move ewe and lamb(s) to jug d. all the above
d. all the above
which livestock industry is AI is used the most
dairy
2 advantages of wool blanket over synthetic blanket
durable, wicks moisture, fire resistant, warmer
what is the most common form of identification in pigs
ear notching
which non animal products was more expensive compared to animal product
egg vs tofu
true or false the impact of various medications on long term health is being researched at RNC currently?
false
true or false, calves are housed in individual huts from birth to approximately 4 month of age]
false
true or false, very few lambs will have a quality grade of choice or higher
false
body condition scoring for cattle range is a. 1-5 b. 1-9 c. 1-10 d. 1-12
b. 1-9
the range of condition score is horses is a. 1-5 b. 1-9 c. 1-10 d. 1-12
b. 1-9
what is the range for body condition score in pigs
1-5
a beef steer has a carcass weight of 850 lbs and a live weight of 1370 lbs. What is its dressing percentage?
62%
Average dressing percentage for market ready steers
64%
which of the following is NOT likely to be apart of a lactating dairy cow ration a. blood meal b. corn silage c. haylage d. cottonseed
a. blood meal
what practice is used to judge interior egg quality
candling
which of the following factors is NOT considered in determining broiler carcass grades
carcass weight
what are the 2 breeds at the SDSU dairy
holstein and brown swiss
factors in grading exterior quality of eggs are designed top reduce the number of eggs with an undesirable exterior appearance and ____
reduce the number of eggs that are likely to crack or break during normal handling
grades for broiler carcasses are
A, B, C
what is not a pork wholesale cut a. American leg b. ham c. loin
American leg
normal range for fat thickness of lamb is closet is a. 0.1 to 0.35 inches b. 0.1 to 0.8 inches c. 0.5 to 1.0 inches
a. 0.1 to 0.35 inches
which of the following is NOT a quality grade for beef a. 3 b. choice c. prime d. select
a. 3
what is the appropriate range for the respiration rate of an adult horse at rest a. 8-15 beats/min b. 15-25 beats/min c. 30-40 beats/min
a. 8-15 beats/min
which type of casings are inedible and removed after smoking, which produces skinless products a. cellulose b. plastic c. natural
a. cellulose
during which phase of production are energy needs the highest a. early lactation b. mid gestation c. post birth
a. early lactation
which of the following structures transports the egg to the uterus a. oviduct b. ovary c. vagina d. urethra
a. oviduct
this is a comparison with a contemporary group (group that has been raised inder the same conditions). it is expressed as. a percent of the average of the entire group a. ratio b. EPD c. index d. reliability
a. ratio
when walking around behind a horse, which of the following is safer a. safer as close to the horse's hind legs as possible, possibly keeping your hand on its rump b. walk 1-2 ft around their quarters and hind legs
a. safer as close to the horse's hind legs as possible, possibly keeping your hand on its rump
which ingredient extracts proteins, thus allowing the meat batter to trap fat and moisture a. salt b. water c. phosphates d. nitrite
a. salt
an ____ is a prediction of how an animals offspring are expected to perform relative to the progeny or offspring of other animals in the same database, which is typically a breed registry a. accuracy b. expected progeny difference c. edited proof of differences d. value index
b. expected progeny difference
which of the following factor is used to determine yield grade in lambs? a. weight b. fat thickness c. rib eye area d. all of the above
b. fat thickness
increasing surface area and providing uniform particle size are two of the function of which processing step a. formulation b. grinding c. mixing d. stuffing
b. grinding
this number is a combination of EPDs and economics, blended to provide an overall impact in profitability a. accuracy b. index c. ratio
b. index
two key aspects that should be observed when evaluating semen are a. motility and movement b. motility and morphology c. size and shape d. shape and % dead
b. motility and morphology
what is the most common way that pork carcasses are priced/valued in today's market a. carcass weight price b. live cash market c. lean value or grid pricing
lean value or grid pricing
what is a major advantage of manure over synthetic fertilizer
manure can be applied whenever whereas fertilizer tends to have set dates for applying
where do you give a pig an injection?
neck muscle
what are the best visuals evaluations of the level of egg production of a hen
pigment loss and molting
the abbreviations PSE, RFN and DFD describe
pork quality
what used the least in determining the value of market hogs
quality grade
USDA quality grade is used to predict what? When evaluating live cattle what factors are used to estimate quality grade
quality grade predicts eating quality or taste of the meat. one of the main factors used to estimate quality grade on live animals is how much external fat they have. if we know about how they have been fed and their genetics background, we can be more accurate in the quality grade estimates
sheep age can be determined by looking at what
size of front teeth
true or false, carcass information is collected on all or nearly all of the cattle fed at the SDSU ruminant nutrition center
true
true or false, ewes carrying multiple fetuses will require a higher level of nutrition during late gestation than ewes carrying singles
true
true or false, on a percentage basis, younger growing animals have higher dietary protein needs than mature animals
true
true or false, percent muscle, percent lean and percent fat free lean are terms that can usually be used interchangeably
true
true or false, sheep have a strong flocking instinct and one individual animal will not want to be separated from the group
true
true or false, using AI is to increase the use of superior genetics
true
true or false, when listening to a horse's gut sounds, the absense of sounds is usually more indicative of a problem than a lot of gurgling sounds
true
the percent yield of boneless, closely trimmed retail cuts is predicted by what
yield grade