ANS
Which statement describes the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? Multiple choice question. short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons "Fight-or-flight" division "Rest-and-digest" division preganglionic neuron cell bodies in T1-L2
"Rest-and-digest" division
True or false: Changes in an autonomic tone typically involve one branch of the autonomic nervous system ceasing activity and the other increasing activity. True false question.TrueFalse
False
True or false: Two different effectors are targeted by the two branches of the ANS in order to control heart rate. True false question.TrueFalse
False
Which segments of the spinal cord house the sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies?
T1-L2
Preganglionic sympathetic axons travel within the spinal nerves numbered ______ to ______. Multiple choice question. T2; T4 S2; S4 T1; L2 L1; L5
T1; L2
Select all that apply In which structure will you find nicotinic receptors? Multiple select question. adrenal medulla postganglionic neurons smooth muscle
adrenal medulla postganglionic neurons
Which sympathetic pathway uses the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine to prolong the effects of the sympathetic stimulation? Multiple choice question. adrenal medulla pathway splanchnic nerve pathway postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway spinal nerve pathway
adrenal medulla pathway
Axons that release norepinephrine are called ______. Multiple choice question. norepinergic adrenergic cholinergic
adrenergic
Fill in the blank question. Receptors that bind norepinephrine or epinephrine are called ______ receptors.
adrenergic
Which are types of adrenergic receptors?
alpha 1 beta 2
Fill in the blank question. The ______ adrenergic receptors have stimulatory effects, whereas _____ adrenergic receptors may be stimulatory or inhibitory.
alpha, beta
Fill in the blank question. Generally, the effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of the same organ are , opposing each other to produce different results.
antagonistic or complementary
Preganglionic sympathetic axons travel with somatic motor neuron axons to exit the spinal cord and enter the ______. Multiple choice question. anterior roots posterior roots
anterior roots
Fill in the blank question. The branch of the nervous system most closely associated with maintaining homeostasis is the nervous system
autonomic OR parasympathetic or visceral
The brainstem nuclei in the mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata mediate the ______. Multiple choice question. somatic reflexes autonomic reflexes spinal reflexes
autonomic reflexes
Fill in the blank question. The continuous activity of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is called .
autonomic tone or dual innervation
Which autonomic effector is innervated by only the sympathetic division? Multiple choice question. gastrointestinal tract blood vessels pupil heart
blood vessels
Fill in the blank question. The centers for cardiac, digestive, and vasomotor functions are housed within the .
brainstem
Select all that apply The preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division originate in the ______. Multiple select question. brainstem lateral horns of T1-L2 lateral gray matter of S2-S4
brainstem lateral gray matter of S2-S4
Fill in the blank question. Control of the autonomic nervous system by the hypothalamus is directly influenced by conscious activities in the _____ cortex.
cerebral
Fill in the blank question. In blood vessels innervated by only sympathetic axons, increased sympathetic stimulation causes the vessels to ________ while decreased sympathetic stimulation causes the vessels to dilate.
constrict
Sympathetic stimulation causes the ______ of sphincters of the GI tract. Multiple choice question. relaxation contraction
contraction
Select all that apply Which is a result of sympathetic stimulation of the muscles of the iris? Multiple select question. contraction of the radial muscle of the iris relaxation of the circular muscle of the eye contraction of the circular muscle dilation of the pupil
contraction of the radial muscle of the iris dilation of the pupil
Fill in the blank question. Effects that are seen when the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system have different effects that together produce a single, distinct result are called _______ effects.
cooperative or agonistic
The location of preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system allows it to be also known as the ______ division. Multiple choice question. sympathetic craniosacral
craniosacral
Parasympathetic innervation from the vagus nerve causes the heart rate to ______. Multiple choice question. increase decrease
decrease
Select all that apply Two autonomic responses processed and controlled at the level of the spinal cord are ______. Multiple select question. blood pressure regulation defecation urination thermoregulation
defecation urination
Fill in the blank question. Sympathetic stimulation will cause the pupils of the eye to .
dilate
Which neurotransmitters may be bound by an adrenergic receptor? Multiple select question. glutamate epinephrine norepinephrine acetylcholine
epinephrine norepinephrine
Fill in the blank question. The adrenal medulla releases both and into the bloodstream
epinephrine, norepinephrine
Which is an example of a cooperative effect of the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches? Multiple choice question. erection of the penis and ejaculation of semen secretion of epinephrine and gastric juices slowing of the heartbeat and dropping of blood pressure
erection of the penis and ejaculation of semen
Fill in the blank question. A sympathetic trunk looks like a pearl necklace, with bundles of axons making up the "string" and sympathetic trunk ______ making up the "pearls".
ganglion or ganglia
Which structure associated with the autonomic nervous system has a cell body located within an autonomic ganglion in the peripheral nervous system? Multiple choice question. visceral sensory neuron preganglionic motor neuron ganglionic motor neuron
ganglionic motor neuron
Which structure associated with the autonomic nervous system has a cell body located within the brainstem or spinal cord? Multiple choice question. ganglionic motor neuron preganglionic motor neuron visceral sensory neuron
ganglionic motor neuron
Conscious activities in the cerebrum directly affect the sympathetic and parasympathetic control centers in the ______. Multiple choice question. hypothalamus pons thalamus
hypothalamus
Fill in the blank question. The portion of the brain that is the integration and command center for the autonomic function is the ______.
hypothalamus
What is the central brain structure involved in the emotions and drives that act through the autonomic nervous system? Multiple choice question. hypothalamus epithalamus thalamus medulla oblongata
hypothalamus
Select all that apply Which regions of the central nervous system play a role in regulating the autonomic nervous system? Multiple select question. cerebellum epithalamus hypothalamus spinal cord brainstem
hypothalamus spinal cord brainstem
This area of the gray matter of the spinal cord in segments T1-L2 houses the cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Multiple choice question. posterior horn anterior horn lateral horn
lateral horn
Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division originate in the CNS? Multiple choice question. brainstem lateral horns of S2-S4 lateral horns of T1-L2
lateral horns of T1-L2
Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division originate in the CNS? Multiple choice question. lateral horns of T1-L2 brainstem lateral horns of S2-S4
lateral horns of T1-L2
Fill in the blank question. During an emergency or crisis situation, the sympathetic nervous system can trigger ________ _________ in which many effectors respond together.
mass activation
Stimulation of the reticular activation system causes a heightened sense of alertness during ______. Multiple choice question. mass activation of the sympathetic division single effector activation of the sympathetic division mass activation of the parasympathetic division single effector activation of the parasympathetic division
mass activation of the sympathetic division
Which occurs when axons from numerous preganglionic cells synapse on a single ganglionic cell? Multiple choice question. neuronal convergence neuronal divergence
neuronal convergence
Which occurs when axons from one preganglionic cell synapse on numerous ganglionic cells? Multiple choice question. neuronal divergence neuronal convergence
neuronal divergence
Select all that apply Which are cholinergic receptors? Multiple select question. nicotinic adrenergic dopaminergic muscarinic
nicotinic, muscarinic
Adrenergic axons release ______. Multiple choice question. norepinephrine acetylcholine GABA
norepinephrine
The synaptic knobs of postganglionic adrenergic neurons contain ______. Multiple choice question. acetylcholine norepinephrine glutamate glycine
norepinephrine
In the two branches of the autonomic nervous system, how many types of effectors are targeted to accomplish the antagonistic effects on the GI tract? Multiple choice question. one three four two
one
Antagonistic effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS are ______ effects. Multiple select question. opposite similar
opposite
Fill in the blank question. During times of relaxation, the ________ division of the autonomic nervous system utilizes discrete and localized innervation, stimulating only one or a few structures at the same time.
parasympathetic
The ______ division of the autonomic nervous system is also called the craniosacral division because of the location of its preganglionic neurons. Multiple choice question. sympathetic parasympathetic
parasympathetic
Which branch of the autonomic nervous system would be expected to increase gut motility? Multiple choice question. parasympathetic sympathetic both divisions depending on conditions
parasympathetic
Which division of the autonomic nervous system maintains homeostasis when we are at rest? Multiple choice question. somatic sympathetic parasympathetic sensory
parasympathetic
Which type of stimulation slows down the heart rate? Multiple choice question. sympathetic parasympathetic
parasympathetic
Which division of the autonomic nervous system has long preganglionic axons and short postganglionic axons? Multiple choice question. sympathetic division parasympathetic division
parasympathetic division
In which structure will you find nicotinic receptors? Multiple select question. smooth muscle postganglionic neurons adrenal medulla
postganglionic neurons adrenal medulla
The postganglionic axon extends away from the sympathetic trunk ganglion and goes directly to the effector organ in a/an ______. Multiple choice question. splanchnic nerve pathway postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway spinal nerve pathway adrenal medulla pathway
postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway
Which neurons of the sympathetic division originate in the lateral gray horns of the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord? Multiple choice question. preganglionic postganglionic
preganglionic
Which structure associated with the autonomic nervous system has a cell body located within the brainstem or spinal cord? Multiple choice question. visceral sensory neuron ganglionic motor neuron preganglionic motor neuron
preganglionic motor neuron
Which structure associated with the autonomic nervous system has a cell body located within the brainstem or spinal cord? Multiple choice question. visceral sensory neuron preganglionic motor neuron ganglionic motor neuron
preganglionic motor neuron
Which phrase describes the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? Multiple choice question. preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the brainstem and S2-S4 of the spinal cord preganglionic neuron cell bodies in T1-L2 of spinal cord long preganglionic axons and short postganglionic axons "Rest-and-digest" division
preganglionic neuron cell bodies in T1-L2 of spinal cord
Fill in the blank question. Motor impulses traveling down a pathway in the autonomic nervous system first use a ______ neuron and then a ______ neuron.
preganglionic, then ganglionic or postganglionic
Somatic motor neurons innervate ______. Multiple choice question. cardiac muscle cells smooth muscle cells skeletal muscle fibers salivary glands
skeletal muscle fibers
Select all that apply Which are the effectors of the autonomic nervous system? Multiple select question. skeletal muscle fibers knee joint smooth muscle cells cardiac muscle cells glands
smooth muscle cells cardiac muscle cells glands
Signals from special senses such as sight and hearing flow through the __ nervous system. Multiple choice question. autonomic somatic
somatic
The two main divisions of the nervous system based on whether they involve processes that we consciously perceive and control, or whether the processes are regulated below the conscious level, are Blank______. Multiple choice question. central and peripheral somatic and autonomic sensory and motor
somatic and autonomic
Fill in the blank question. The parasympathetic activities associated with defecation and urination are processed and controlled at the level of the ______ ______.
spinal cord
Which sympathetic pathway is being used if a preganglionic neuron synapses with a ganglionic neuron in a sympathetic trunk ganglion and the postganglionic axon travels through a gray ramus at the same "level" as the ganglionic neuron? Multiple choice question. adrenal medulla pathway splanchnic nerve pathway spinal nerve pathway
spinal nerve pathway
The abdominal and pelvic organs receive their sympathetic innervation via this pathway ______. Multiple choice question. splanchnic nerve pathway spinal nerve pathway postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway adrenal medulla pathway
splanchnic nerve pathway
Parasympathetic innervation ______ gland secretions of the GI tract. Multiple choice question. inhibits stimulates
stimulates
The autonomic nervous system would receive sensory information from which of the following receptors? Multiple choice question. stretch receptor in the wall of the heart taste receptor on the tongue pain receptor in the knee tactile receptor on the skin of the fingers
stretch receptor in the wall of the heart
Fill in the blank question. The division of the autonomic nervous system that has short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons is the ______ division.
sympathetic
Fill in the blank question. The division of the autonomic nervous system that has short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons is the __________ division.
sympathetic
Fill in the blank question. The division of the autonomic nervous system that is anatomically known as the thoracolumbar division is the division.
sympathetic
The diameter of blood vessels is maintained in a partially constricted state by the effects of ______ tone. Multiple choice question. sympathetic parasympathetic somatic
sympathetic
Which division of the autonomic nervous system exhibits a mass activation response during stressful situations, stimulating all innervated components at once? Multiple choice question. somatic division sympathetic division parasympathetic division
sympathetic division
Fill in the blank question. The terminal branches of sympathetic axons contain swollen beads called ______ knobs.
synaptic
Which receptors would provide stimulus information to a somatic sensory neuron? Multiple choice question. sensory receptor in the lung stretch receptor in the carotid artery tactile receptor in the skin
tactile receptor in the skin (a somatic sensory receptor is located close to the surface of the body, such as in the skin)
examples of SNS receptors
taste receptor on the tongue pain receptor in the knee tactile receptor on the skin of the fingers
The sympathetic division of the ANS is also called the ______ division. Multiple choice question. craniosacral thoracolumbar
thoracolumbar
What is the basic function of the autonomic nervous system? Multiple choice question. to execute conscious commands to stimulate skeletal muscle to detect touch and pain to maintain homeostasis
to maintian homeostasis
True or false: ACh binding to nicotinic receptors always produces an excitatory response. True false question.TrueFalse
true
True or false: The autonomic nervous system is also called the visceral nervous system. True false question.
true
True or false: Autonomic control of pupil size results from innervation of different effectors by the two ANS divisions. True false question.TrueFalse
true - The sympathetic NS and parasympathetic NS innervate two different muscles in the iris.
How many motor neurons are needed to stimulate cardiac muscle contraction in the autonomic nervous system? Multiple choice question. three one two none
two
The sympathetic trunks are located immediately lateral to the ______. Multiple choice question. vertebral column brachial plexus brain stem diaphragm
vertebral column
Which would be the effect of a decrease in sympathetic tone? Multiple choice question. vessel dilation vessel constriction increased heart rate
vessel dilation
Autonomic reflexes are also called ______ reflexes. Multiple choice question. somatic visceral
visceral
Fill in the blank question. Stimuli associated with blood vessels or internal organs are detected by the ______ sensory structures.
visceral, autonomic, or ANS
