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Which statement describes the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? Multiple choice question. short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons "Fight-or-flight" division "Rest-and-digest" division preganglionic neuron cell bodies in T1-L2

"Rest-and-digest" division

True or false: Changes in an autonomic tone typically involve one branch of the autonomic nervous system ceasing activity and the other increasing activity. True false question.TrueFalse

False

True or false: Two different effectors are targeted by the two branches of the ANS in order to control heart rate. True false question.TrueFalse

False

Which segments of the spinal cord house the sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies?

T1-L2

Preganglionic sympathetic axons travel within the spinal nerves numbered ______ to ______. Multiple choice question. T2; T4 S2; S4 T1; L2 L1; L5

T1; L2

Select all that apply In which structure will you find nicotinic receptors? Multiple select question. adrenal medulla postganglionic neurons smooth muscle

adrenal medulla postganglionic neurons

Which sympathetic pathway uses the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine to prolong the effects of the sympathetic stimulation? Multiple choice question. adrenal medulla pathway splanchnic nerve pathway postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway spinal nerve pathway

adrenal medulla pathway

Axons that release norepinephrine are called ______. Multiple choice question. norepinergic adrenergic cholinergic

adrenergic

Fill in the blank question. Receptors that bind norepinephrine or epinephrine are called ______ receptors.

adrenergic

Which are types of adrenergic receptors?

alpha 1 beta 2

Fill in the blank question. The ______ adrenergic receptors have stimulatory effects, whereas _____ adrenergic receptors may be stimulatory or inhibitory.

alpha, beta

Fill in the blank question. Generally, the effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of the same organ are , opposing each other to produce different results.

antagonistic or complementary

Preganglionic sympathetic axons travel with somatic motor neuron axons to exit the spinal cord and enter the ______. Multiple choice question. anterior roots posterior roots

anterior roots

Fill in the blank question. The branch of the nervous system most closely associated with maintaining homeostasis is the nervous system

autonomic OR parasympathetic or visceral

The brainstem nuclei in the mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata mediate the ______. Multiple choice question. somatic reflexes autonomic reflexes spinal reflexes

autonomic reflexes

Fill in the blank question. The continuous activity of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is called .

autonomic tone or dual innervation

Which autonomic effector is innervated by only the sympathetic division? Multiple choice question. gastrointestinal tract blood vessels pupil heart

blood vessels

Fill in the blank question. The centers for cardiac, digestive, and vasomotor functions are housed within the .

brainstem

Select all that apply The preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division originate in the ______. Multiple select question. brainstem lateral horns of T1-L2 lateral gray matter of S2-S4

brainstem lateral gray matter of S2-S4

Fill in the blank question. Control of the autonomic nervous system by the hypothalamus is directly influenced by conscious activities in the _____ cortex.

cerebral

Fill in the blank question. In blood vessels innervated by only sympathetic axons, increased sympathetic stimulation causes the vessels to ________ while decreased sympathetic stimulation causes the vessels to dilate.

constrict

Sympathetic stimulation causes the ______ of sphincters of the GI tract. Multiple choice question. relaxation contraction

contraction

Select all that apply Which is a result of sympathetic stimulation of the muscles of the iris? Multiple select question. contraction of the radial muscle of the iris relaxation of the circular muscle of the eye contraction of the circular muscle dilation of the pupil

contraction of the radial muscle of the iris dilation of the pupil

Fill in the blank question. Effects that are seen when the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system have different effects that together produce a single, distinct result are called _______ effects.

cooperative or agonistic

The location of preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system allows it to be also known as the ______ division. Multiple choice question. sympathetic craniosacral

craniosacral

Parasympathetic innervation from the vagus nerve causes the heart rate to ______. Multiple choice question. increase decrease

decrease

Select all that apply Two autonomic responses processed and controlled at the level of the spinal cord are ______. Multiple select question. blood pressure regulation defecation urination thermoregulation

defecation urination

Fill in the blank question. Sympathetic stimulation will cause the pupils of the eye to .

dilate

Which neurotransmitters may be bound by an adrenergic receptor? Multiple select question. glutamate epinephrine norepinephrine acetylcholine

epinephrine norepinephrine

Fill in the blank question. The adrenal medulla releases both and into the bloodstream

epinephrine, norepinephrine

Which is an example of a cooperative effect of the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches? Multiple choice question. erection of the penis and ejaculation of semen secretion of epinephrine and gastric juices slowing of the heartbeat and dropping of blood pressure

erection of the penis and ejaculation of semen

Fill in the blank question. A sympathetic trunk looks like a pearl necklace, with bundles of axons making up the "string" and sympathetic trunk ______ making up the "pearls".

ganglion or ganglia

Which structure associated with the autonomic nervous system has a cell body located within an autonomic ganglion in the peripheral nervous system? Multiple choice question. visceral sensory neuron preganglionic motor neuron ganglionic motor neuron

ganglionic motor neuron

Which structure associated with the autonomic nervous system has a cell body located within the brainstem or spinal cord? Multiple choice question. ganglionic motor neuron preganglionic motor neuron visceral sensory neuron

ganglionic motor neuron

Conscious activities in the cerebrum directly affect the sympathetic and parasympathetic control centers in the ______. Multiple choice question. hypothalamus pons thalamus

hypothalamus

Fill in the blank question. The portion of the brain that is the integration and command center for the autonomic function is the ______.

hypothalamus

What is the central brain structure involved in the emotions and drives that act through the autonomic nervous system? Multiple choice question. hypothalamus epithalamus thalamus medulla oblongata

hypothalamus

Select all that apply Which regions of the central nervous system play a role in regulating the autonomic nervous system? Multiple select question. cerebellum epithalamus hypothalamus spinal cord brainstem

hypothalamus spinal cord brainstem

This area of the gray matter of the spinal cord in segments T1-L2 houses the cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Multiple choice question. posterior horn anterior horn lateral horn

lateral horn

Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division originate in the CNS? Multiple choice question. brainstem lateral horns of S2-S4 lateral horns of T1-L2

lateral horns of T1-L2

Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division originate in the CNS? Multiple choice question. lateral horns of T1-L2 brainstem lateral horns of S2-S4

lateral horns of T1-L2

Fill in the blank question. During an emergency or crisis situation, the sympathetic nervous system can trigger ________ _________ in which many effectors respond together.

mass activation

Stimulation of the reticular activation system causes a heightened sense of alertness during ______. Multiple choice question. mass activation of the sympathetic division single effector activation of the sympathetic division mass activation of the parasympathetic division single effector activation of the parasympathetic division

mass activation of the sympathetic division

Which occurs when axons from numerous preganglionic cells synapse on a single ganglionic cell? Multiple choice question. neuronal convergence neuronal divergence

neuronal convergence

Which occurs when axons from one preganglionic cell synapse on numerous ganglionic cells? Multiple choice question. neuronal divergence neuronal convergence

neuronal divergence

Select all that apply Which are cholinergic receptors? Multiple select question. nicotinic adrenergic dopaminergic muscarinic

nicotinic, muscarinic

Adrenergic axons release ______. Multiple choice question. norepinephrine acetylcholine GABA

norepinephrine

The synaptic knobs of postganglionic adrenergic neurons contain ______. Multiple choice question. acetylcholine norepinephrine glutamate glycine

norepinephrine

In the two branches of the autonomic nervous system, how many types of effectors are targeted to accomplish the antagonistic effects on the GI tract? Multiple choice question. one three four two

one

Antagonistic effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS are ______ effects. Multiple select question. opposite similar

opposite

Fill in the blank question. During times of relaxation, the ________ division of the autonomic nervous system utilizes discrete and localized innervation, stimulating only one or a few structures at the same time.

parasympathetic

The ______ division of the autonomic nervous system is also called the craniosacral division because of the location of its preganglionic neurons. Multiple choice question. sympathetic parasympathetic

parasympathetic

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system would be expected to increase gut motility? Multiple choice question. parasympathetic sympathetic both divisions depending on conditions

parasympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system maintains homeostasis when we are at rest? Multiple choice question. somatic sympathetic parasympathetic sensory

parasympathetic

Which type of stimulation slows down the heart rate? Multiple choice question. sympathetic parasympathetic

parasympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has long preganglionic axons and short postganglionic axons? Multiple choice question. sympathetic division parasympathetic division

parasympathetic division

In which structure will you find nicotinic receptors? Multiple select question. smooth muscle postganglionic neurons adrenal medulla

postganglionic neurons adrenal medulla

The postganglionic axon extends away from the sympathetic trunk ganglion and goes directly to the effector organ in a/an ______. Multiple choice question. splanchnic nerve pathway postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway spinal nerve pathway adrenal medulla pathway

postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway

Which neurons of the sympathetic division originate in the lateral gray horns of the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord? Multiple choice question. preganglionic postganglionic

preganglionic

Which structure associated with the autonomic nervous system has a cell body located within the brainstem or spinal cord? Multiple choice question. visceral sensory neuron ganglionic motor neuron preganglionic motor neuron

preganglionic motor neuron

Which structure associated with the autonomic nervous system has a cell body located within the brainstem or spinal cord? Multiple choice question. visceral sensory neuron preganglionic motor neuron ganglionic motor neuron

preganglionic motor neuron

Which phrase describes the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? Multiple choice question. preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the brainstem and S2-S4 of the spinal cord preganglionic neuron cell bodies in T1-L2 of spinal cord long preganglionic axons and short postganglionic axons "Rest-and-digest" division

preganglionic neuron cell bodies in T1-L2 of spinal cord

Fill in the blank question. Motor impulses traveling down a pathway in the autonomic nervous system first use a ______ neuron and then a ______ neuron.

preganglionic, then ganglionic or postganglionic

Somatic motor neurons innervate ______. Multiple choice question. cardiac muscle cells smooth muscle cells skeletal muscle fibers salivary glands

skeletal muscle fibers

Select all that apply Which are the effectors of the autonomic nervous system? Multiple select question. skeletal muscle fibers knee joint smooth muscle cells cardiac muscle cells glands

smooth muscle cells cardiac muscle cells glands

Signals from special senses such as sight and hearing flow through the __ nervous system. Multiple choice question. autonomic somatic

somatic

The two main divisions of the nervous system based on whether they involve processes that we consciously perceive and control, or whether the processes are regulated below the conscious level, are Blank______. Multiple choice question. central and peripheral somatic and autonomic sensory and motor

somatic and autonomic

Fill in the blank question. The parasympathetic activities associated with defecation and urination are processed and controlled at the level of the ______ ______.

spinal cord

Which sympathetic pathway is being used if a preganglionic neuron synapses with a ganglionic neuron in a sympathetic trunk ganglion and the postganglionic axon travels through a gray ramus at the same "level" as the ganglionic neuron? Multiple choice question. adrenal medulla pathway splanchnic nerve pathway spinal nerve pathway

spinal nerve pathway

The abdominal and pelvic organs receive their sympathetic innervation via this pathway ______. Multiple choice question. splanchnic nerve pathway spinal nerve pathway postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway adrenal medulla pathway

splanchnic nerve pathway

Parasympathetic innervation ______ gland secretions of the GI tract. Multiple choice question. inhibits stimulates

stimulates

The autonomic nervous system would receive sensory information from which of the following receptors? Multiple choice question. stretch receptor in the wall of the heart taste receptor on the tongue pain receptor in the knee tactile receptor on the skin of the fingers

stretch receptor in the wall of the heart

Fill in the blank question. The division of the autonomic nervous system that has short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons is the ______ division.

sympathetic

Fill in the blank question. The division of the autonomic nervous system that has short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons is the __________ division.

sympathetic

Fill in the blank question. The division of the autonomic nervous system that is anatomically known as the thoracolumbar division is the division.

sympathetic

The diameter of blood vessels is maintained in a partially constricted state by the effects of ______ tone. Multiple choice question. sympathetic parasympathetic somatic

sympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system exhibits a mass activation response during stressful situations, stimulating all innervated components at once? Multiple choice question. somatic division sympathetic division parasympathetic division

sympathetic division

Fill in the blank question. The terminal branches of sympathetic axons contain swollen beads called ______ knobs.

synaptic

Which receptors would provide stimulus information to a somatic sensory neuron? Multiple choice question. sensory receptor in the lung stretch receptor in the carotid artery tactile receptor in the skin

tactile receptor in the skin (a somatic sensory receptor is located close to the surface of the body, such as in the skin)

examples of SNS receptors

taste receptor on the tongue pain receptor in the knee tactile receptor on the skin of the fingers

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also called the ______ division. Multiple choice question. craniosacral thoracolumbar

thoracolumbar

What is the basic function of the autonomic nervous system? Multiple choice question. to execute conscious commands to stimulate skeletal muscle to detect touch and pain to maintain homeostasis

to maintian homeostasis

True or false: ACh binding to nicotinic receptors always produces an excitatory response. True false question.TrueFalse

true

True or false: The autonomic nervous system is also called the visceral nervous system. True false question.

true

True or false: Autonomic control of pupil size results from innervation of different effectors by the two ANS divisions. True false question.TrueFalse

true - The sympathetic NS and parasympathetic NS innervate two different muscles in the iris.

How many motor neurons are needed to stimulate cardiac muscle contraction in the autonomic nervous system? Multiple choice question. three one two none

two

The sympathetic trunks are located immediately lateral to the ______. Multiple choice question. vertebral column brachial plexus brain stem diaphragm

vertebral column

Which would be the effect of a decrease in sympathetic tone? Multiple choice question. vessel dilation vessel constriction increased heart rate

vessel dilation

Autonomic reflexes are also called ______ reflexes. Multiple choice question. somatic visceral

visceral

Fill in the blank question. Stimuli associated with blood vessels or internal organs are detected by the ______ sensory structures.

visceral, autonomic, or ANS


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