ANS42 MT#1 Practice Questions
Define the following in one sentence without using the word in the definition. Tame
When the tendency of an individual animal (0.5 pts) to flee from humans is diminished/decreased (2.5 pts)
A visual display is I) energetically more costly than physical confrontation II) a display that is poorly understood by the same species a) Both the statements I and II are true b) Both the statements I and II are false c) Statement I is true but II is false d) Statement I is false but II is true
b) Both the statements I and II are false
A member of a different species instinctively understands the intent of a visual display offered by another species. a) True b) False
b) False
A pet in the ad has no impact on customer response. a) True b) False
b) False
Breeding just for tameness in the Siberian fox breeding experiment resulted in animals more tolerant of humans but had no changes to their appearance (i.e., no morphological changes) over the course of the 20 year plus time frame of the experiment a) True b) False
b) False
Emotional support dogs are given the same rights, privileges, and access that service/assistance dogs are afforded. a) True b) False
b) False
In the United States there are universal training requirements with certification that a dog must achieve before being defined as a "service" dog a) True b) False
b) False
Bones of the skeleton have a built in safety factor and can withstand forces up to fifty times greater than forces associated with normal locomotion without breaking. a) True b) False
b) False - 5 to 7 times the normal locomotion force
To achieve the cardiovascular benefits for humans (lowered blood pressure, decreased heart rate), one must physically pet an animal. a) True b) False
b) False - can be near an animal and experience similar results
Cats, because they were the first species domesticated, show the greatest diversity in morphology (that is shape and structure) than any other domesticated species. a) True b) False
b) False - dogs were the first domesticated
In the United States a person must prove that he/she has a specific disability and needs a service dog before the dog is given access to a public place. a) True b) False
b) False - housing provider can ask for medical documentation if disability is not evident - can ask what the service animal is trained to do - no other verification of disability is required
An audible display is a stereotypic behavioral form of communication. a) True b) False
b) False—a display is a visual
A trait that favors domestication is the presence of physical structures (ornamentation) that are important for mate selection. a) True b) False
b) False—humans provide the mates
Which of the following aquatic species can be considered domesticated? a) Clownfish (the "Nemo" fish) b) Goldfish c) Eel d) Sea horse e) all of the above are domesticated
b) Goldfish - Goldfish and Koi were domesticated from the common carp
From the following list of statements, choose the letter corresponding to the statement that is LEAST related to the other three. a) archaeological sites with animal drawings b) animal companionship enhances human health c) age distribution differs from that observed in the wild d) objects associated with animal husbandry e) sex distribution differs from that observed in the wild
b) animal companionship enhances human health
Which of the following species has the poorest binocular vision? a) human b) dolichocephalic dog c) plantigrade animals d) cat e) all of these animals have equivalent binocular vision
b) dolichocephalic dog - unguligrades have worse vision than dolichocephalic
A dominance hierarchy is an advantage in the process of domestication of some species because it: a) increases neotenic traits b) establishes a leader-follower relationship c) increases the use of tactile displays d) a and b e) none of the above
b) establishes a leader-follower relationship
When an animal has been bred twice in captivity, the offspring from that animal can be considered domesticated. a) True b) False
b) false - takes 30 generations to domesticate - cannot happen in one individual's lifetime
Unguligrade animals a) walk on the soles of the feet b) have the greatest stride length c) are exemplified by bears and humans d) have the greatest stride stability e) are usually predators
b) have the greatest stride length - longest stride and least stable
Early socialization of a kitten or puppy is critical because: a) their eyes open after they are born and their development is slow b) the response of attraction/curiosity declines and is gradually replaced with a fear response c) the response of attraction/curiosity is maintained throughout life d) the fear response is intense at birth and needs to be tempered e) they are precocial and imprint early
b) the response of attraction/curiosity declines and is gradually replaced with a fear response
A behavior potential is I) governed by the environment II) defines the exact way an animal will behave a) the statements I and II are both true b) the statements I and II are both false c) statement I is true, but statement II is false d) statement I is false, but statement II is true
b) the statements I and II are both false
From the following list, choose the phrase that best matches (or relates to) the term "Imprinting": a) Submissive b) Tactile c) Socialization d) Color Vision
c) Socialization
As you learned in discussion and in lecture, the face plays a role in visual communication. Which of the following indicate dominance in a dog? a) closed eyes b) lips closed tightly c) erect ears d) head turned to the side away e) they all indicate dominance
c) erect ears
Mutual grooming involves what communication mode? a) vocal b) visual c) tactile d) odorfactory e) audible
c) tactile
What two sensory organs are important in the righting reflex of cats a) ears and eyes b) vestibular apparatus and ears c) vestibular apparatus and eyes d) legs and touch e) nose and ears
c) vestibular apparatus and eyes
Describe what two sensory organs are needed for a cat to successfully complete the righting reflex?
visual --> eyes and vestibular apparatus --> inner ear for balance
In a single sentence, define the following terms WITHOUT using the term in the definition: 1. Feral 2. Vestigial
1. An animal of a domesticated species that is no longer integrated into the human community; humans no longer regulate its breeding, food supply or territory 2. A structure that is greatly reduced in size/function
For many animals stride length is very important. A) Define stride length. B) Why would an animal want to increase stride length and how does increasing stride length do that (be specific and complete)? C) In class, I described several physical modifications to an animal's structure that increases stride length. Give two unique modifications with respect to the anatomy and describe how each specifically increases stride length. (10 pts)
A. Define stride length (definitions cannot include the word or term being defined in the definition) Stride length is the distance covered between footfalls (or amount of ground covered with each step (3 pt). B. Why would an animal want to increase stride length and how does increasing stride length do that (be specific and complete)? Increasing stride length increases speed (1 pt) by increasing ground covered (1) and reduces friction against the ground (1) because each time a foot hits the ground friction is generated (slowing down the forward motion). C. Two modifications1 pt per UNIQUE modification and 1 pt per explanation of how affects stride length (4 pts total) • Type of foot/leg form (or unguligrade or digitigrade or plantigrade) ---- effectively lengthens the leg and a longer leg means longer stride • Flexible spine ---allows rear legs to hit ground in front of forelegs giving a greater force of push off for propulsion • Vestigial clavicle----allows for the fore leg to extend farther in front of the head to lengthen stride. NOTE animals do not choose the foot form. It is an evolutionary change of foot anatomy and structure. For instance an unguligrade cannot choose to be a plantigrade, nor can a digitigrade animal choose to be unguligrade. A. Ears back and flat (2.5) B. Lips pulled all the way back teeth all showing (2.5)
Describe two physical features of the dog below that conveys submission.
A. Ears back and flat B. Lips pulled all the way back, teeth all showing
In discussion and lecture we covered scent marking. What is it and when is it used?
Scent marking is the placement of an animal's odor in the environment (2.5 pts) and use to demark territory or signify "ownership" (2.5 pts)
From the following list, choose the phrase that best relates to the term "Hierarchy": a) Submissive b) Tactile c) Socialization d) Color Vision
a) Submissive
Binocular vision assists in depth perception a) True b) False
a) True
Filtration in a fish tank is important to remove toxic ammonia. a) True b) False
a) True
For humans, socially interacting with animals fulfills some affiliative needs. a) True b) False
a) True
Freshwater ornamentals comprise the largest volume (proportion) and value of the pet aquarium fish industry. a) True b) False
a) True
The origin of aquaculture is associated with the development of the rice culture because fish in the rice "patty" system improved yield of rice. a) True b) False
a) True
With the process of domestication, the animal species as a whole changes physiologically with the animal adapting to living with humans. a) True b) False
a) True
It has been theorized that the adult behavior of different modern day dog breeds reflects different stages in the wolf pup's development. a) True b) False
a) True stages 1-4 seen in domesticated dogs 1. reactive 2. play 3. heading and stocking 4. healing 5. mature —> kill behavior seen in adult wolves
Fewer than 30% of marine aquarium species (i.e., salt water species) are farmed or cultured. a) True b) False
a) True (very few species are actually farmed)
What are the two theories of the origination of the domestication process? a) animal initiated and human capture b) animal avoidance and human capture c) extinction of the dinosaurs and human capture d) climactic change and human capture e) Darwinian evolution and parallel evolution
a) animal initiated and human capture
From the following statements, choose the one LEAST related to the others a) increased stress b) decreased survival traits c) decreased stress d) increased reproductive activity
a) increased stress
"Tame" is I) the state when an animal's tendency to flee is gradually eliminated II) believed to be the first step in the domestication process. a) the statements (both I and II) are both completely true b) the statements (both I and II) are both completely false c) statement I is true, but statement II is false d) statement I is false, but statement II is true
a) the statements (both I and II) are both completely true
Why it is desirable to culture ornamental fish that are marketed to the pet/aquarium trade as opposed to capturing fish from the wild? I) Ocean reefs can be damaged by collection techniques II) Cultured fish are more colorful III) Loss of biodiversity in the wild a) I b) I and II c) I, II, and III d) I and III e) II and III
d) I and III
Components of the definition of communication include I) the transmission of information II) is species specific -although some forms are interpreted by a given species in a species specific manner this is not part of the definition; other species can and do learn the intent. III) alters the receiver's behavior a) I, II, and III b) I only c) I and II only d) I and III only e) II and III only
d) I and III only
Neoteny is a) stages of a wolf pup's normal development b) the repertoire (suite) of juvenile behaviors c) retention of adult wolf actions d) adult exhibition of juvenile traits e) the behaviors exhibited when an animal is young
d) adult exhibition of juvenile traits
An example of a neotenic trait is a) long legs on a horse b) rounded face of a dog c) a cat going limp when you pick it up by the scruff of the neck d) all of the above e) none of the above
d) all of the above
If you are a proponent of animal welfare, as learned in the first discussion section, what can you do to promote animal welfare? a) support organizations that both protect animal welfare and an individual's right to own pets b) educate those around you of the distinction between animal welfare and animal rights c) vote your beliefs that are supported by facts d) all of the above e) none of the above
d) all of the above
The process of domestication is a) the emergence of an unoccupied ecological niche b) a consequence of Egyptian culture c) a political process d) an evolutionary process
d) an evolutionary process
From the following list, choose the letter corresponding to the statement that is least related to the other statements a) can convey the age of an animal b) travels over long distances c) pheromone d) is short lived e) is long lasting
d) is short lived
The main reasons dogs are believed to have been derived from wolves is I. dogs have similar social structure to wolves II. dogs have similar mitochondrial DNA but their chromosome number differs from wolves III. wolves have great inherent diversity a) I, II, and III are true b) II, and III are true c) I and II are true d) none of the above
d) none of the above - correct answer would be that I and III are true - II is false because chromosome number is the same in dogs and wolves
A symbiotic (mutually beneficial) relationship between animals and humans is exemplified by: a) the Egyptian attempts to domesticate hyenas b) a zoo animal considering its keeper a conspecific (that is, one of its own species) c) a kitten considering a rat its conspecific (that is, one of its own species) d) the African Honey guide bird e) the hamster
d) the African Honey guide bird
Which of the following auditory sounds stimulate an animal's activity? a) a single long high note b) a single long low note c) a series of rapid low notes d) a mixture of high and low notes e) a series of rapid high notes
e) a series of rapid high notes
Group structure is a trait that is favorable for domestication. This is because a species that lives in a group typically has a) fewer confrontations b) decreased physical conflicts c) a social hierarchy d) use of visual communication e) all of the above
e) all of the above
The two extreme viewpoints associated with human animal interactions are: a) animal liberation and animal use b) animal welfare and animal rights c) animal rights and animal use d) animal rights and animal liberation e) animal liberation and animal exploitation
e) animal liberation and animal exploitation (see discussion key)
"Feral" can be defined as animals a) that are incapable of being domesticated b) that were once tame, but are no longer tame c) that are incapable of fending for themselves d) that are tame but wild e) none of the above
e) none of the above
Why do some animal keepers, when feeding baby animals, wear costumes or use a puppet that looks like the wild parent? a) to keep themselves clean b) to encourage the young to cry out c) to avoid disease transmission d) to avoid frightening the baby animals e) none of the above
e) none of the above
The process of domesticating a species occurs a) within one generation b) once an animal becomes feral c) within one generation only if the animal is tame d) once an animal is captured e) none of the above
e) none of the above - happens over 30 generations of so
Modern day dogs are believed to have evolved from the a) coyote b) fox c) jackal d) all of the above e) none of the above
e) none of the above - wolf
