ANT 252 Quiz 2

False

According to Nordstrom in "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story of Amputees," the Muleque woman had friends in government, as well as in the mining and transport industries, who regularly took their wares on flights or trucks going across the country. Select one: True False

d. Midwives encourage mothers of dead babies to grieve.

According to Scheper-Hughes, four of the following statements are true about how the death of poor babies is treated in Alto do Cruzeiro and Bom Jesus de Mata, Brazil. Which one is not? Select one: a. Babies are buried without headstones or markers. b. The church rarely holds ceremonies for dead infants. c. The grave where an infant is buried may be used again for another later. d. Midwives encourage mothers of dead babies to grieve. e. Civil authorities only require a two-paragraph report when a baby dies. Feedback

b. non-Gypsies

According to Sutherland in "The Case of an American Gypsy," Gypsies find which of the following things polluting (marime)? Select one: a. relatives from other vitsas b. non-Gypsies c. Social Security benefits d. driving cars

d. is an especially cruel punishment because it separates them from their kin.

In "The Case of an American Gypsy," Sutherland reports that for Gypsies, going to jail Select one: a. often provides needed time to recover from alcoholism. b. helps them learn English and skills that facilitate getting real jobs in American society. c. is welcomed because they finally get enough to eat there. d. is an especially cruel punishment because it separates them from their kin.

b. the ability to grant favors to loyal dependents

In Nigeria, power and authority derive from Select one: a. ownership of landed property. b. the ability to grant favors to loyal dependents c. a person's wealth. d. a person's social class.

False

In Nordstrom's article "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story of Amputees," the local coordinator for an NGO working with the amputees felt that taking the goods made by the Muleque women on an official NGO flight was an improper use of the NGO's equipment. Select one: True False

True

In an epilogue to her article (Mother's Love: Death without Weeping), Nancy Scheper-Hughes claims that the installation of piped, treated water to all homes in the shantytown contributed most to the increased survival of infants in Bom Jesus de Mata. Select one: True False

A. True

In his article, "Mixed Blood," Jefferson M. Fish argues that the American concept of race is culturally constructed, not a biological reality.

False

Nancy Scheper-Hughes (Mother's Love: Death without Weeping) feels that it is instinctual for poor mothers to grieve deeply over the death of their babies in most societies unless they have been separated from their infants by illness or divorce. Select one: True False

c. it is natural for poor mothers to maintain emotional distance from infants who are likely to die.

On the basis of her work in northeastern Brazil and on literature describing practices in other parts of the world, Scheper-Hughes feels that Select one: a. it is instinctual for mothers to grieve deeply over a dead son or daughter in every society including those with high infant mortality rates. b. poor mothers everywhere cannot help but become attached to their sickly infants even though the latter are likely to die. c. it is natural for poor mothers to maintain emotional distance from infants who are likely to die. d. civil authorities try hard to improve the condition of poor women but the latter won't help themselves. e. poor women let their babies die despite concerted efforts by church authorities to prevent them from doing so.

e. a, b, and c above

Scheper-Hughes (Mother's Love: Death without Weeping) claims that which of the follow kinds of people encourage(s) mothers not to become attached to their sick and dying children? Select one: a. clergy b. doctors c. midwives d. two of the above e. a, b, and c above

e. 350

Scheper-Hughes reports that about __________ infants died in Alto do Cruzeiro, Brazil, in 1965. Select one: a. 100 b. 150 c. 250 d. 300 e. 350

d. two of the above

Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon) claim that it is mostly __________ who are most likely to leave the work force for life at home. Select one: a. single mothers b. women in their twenties and thirties c. college educated and professional women d. two of the above e. a, b, and c above

c. women's production and control and publicly shared food and goods

Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon) describe research on women's power conducted by Ernestine Friedl. They note that Friedl found that ________ was a key to power and equality for women in hunter/gatherer societies. Select one: a. the volume of vegetable matter women can collect b. the (high) number of children women bear c. women's production and control and publicly shared food and goods d. women's control over the political process e. women's ability to endure hardship

False

Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon) note that a factor they call "the second shift" pulls women out of the work force for a life at home. Select one: True False

a. Note what her high prestige jobs had been

Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon) note that no longer holding a high-ranking job is a problem for a woman's prestige. What can she do to retain prestige when she spends all her time at home? Select one: a. Note what her high prestige jobs had been b. Argue that being a stay-at-home mom is actually more important. c. Note that she and her husband could not afford nannies. d. two of the above e. a, b, and c above

False

Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon) note that the term "glass ceiling" means that a women has finally reached the highest position that can be attained in her place of work. Select one: True False

b. the second shift

Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon) state that _______ "pushes" women to leave work for a life at home. Select one: a. nostalgia b. the second shift c. to be with children d. job loss e. none of the above

True

Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon) state that being with their children, lower stress, and nostalgia are all factors that pull women from work to home. Select one: True False

True

Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon) that for a variety of reasons, Millennials, women in their twenties and thirties, are leaving work for home Select one: True False

c. endanger their social standing as recognized and respected members of Spanish society.

Spaniards who convert to Islam Select one: a. are required to legally change their status as a Spanish citizen to reflect this conversion. b. face little discrimination and are accepted throughout the country. c. endanger their social standing as recognized and respected members of Spanish society. d. are welcomed with open arms by Muslims who have immigrated to Spain from Muslim countries.

d. a normal practice for one group is a crime for another.

The case of the Gypsy defendant described by Sutherland in "The Case of an American Gypsy" represents a good illustration of what happens when Select one: a. a foreign people takes advantage of a lenient judicial system. b. greedy lawyers misrepresent their non-American clients. c. anthropological testimony is misused in court. d. a normal practice for one group is a crime for another.

c. of government opposition and new economic opportunities.

The custom of polyandry may end among Tibetans living in Nepal because Select one: a. women don't like the custom. b. men don't like the custom. c. of government opposition and new economic opportunities. d. of conflict between men over rights to a woman's children. e. of new techniques for reclaiming land to farm.

c. the patrimonial authority of Nigerian society.

The famous American saying "It's not what you know, it's who you know" best describes the primary dynamic of Select one: a. the legal bureaucracy of the United States. b. the civil service system of the Han Dynasty in China. c. the patrimonial authority of Nigerian society. d. the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom.

b. Shahada, Ramadan

The five pillars of the Islamic faith include: the recitation of the __________, daily prayers, fasting during __________, annual charitable giving, and pilgrimage to Mecca once during the lifetime of those who are able. Select one: a. Koran, Shahada b. Shahada, Ramadan c. Hijab, si Dios lo quiere d. Insh'allah, Shahada Feedback

d. could not imagine a Spanish woman converting to Islam.

When the author first met María Martínez in 2006, she had married a Jordanian man and Select one: a. planned to convert to Islam. b. had given up wine, pork, and beer in preparation of converting to Islam. c. had converted to Islam prior to marriage. d. could not imagine a Spanish woman converting to Islam.

a. had converted to Islam and was working with Muslims who were victims of religious discrimination.

When the author returned to Spain in 2008, María Martínez Select one: a. had converted to Islam and was working with Muslims who were victims of religious discrimination. b. was still married but had retained her Catholic beliefs. c. had divorced her husband due to religious differences. d. still believed that an individual could not be both Spanish and Muslim.

a. Polyandry reduces sexual competition among brothers.

Which one of the following is not true about Tibetan polyandry? Select one: a. Polyandry reduces sexual competition among brothers. b. Polyandry lowers the birth rate. c. Polyandry enables wealthier farmers to maintain their higher standard of living. d. Polyandry is often preferred by Tibetans. e. Polyandry produces a large number of unmarried women.

a. spiritual nature of all things.

William ("The Berdache Tradition") points out that the emphasis of American Indian religion is on the Select one: a. spiritual nature of all things. b. material nature of all things. c. universal validity of its moral tenets. d. clear distinction between males and females. e. all of the above.

d. the spirits determining that it be so.

William ("The Berdache Tradition") writes that berdache is a lifelong status, but that in case a berdache ceases to be so, it is due to Select one: a. a change of mind. b. recovery from a disease. c. the tremendous stress they experience. d. the spirits determining that it be so. e. none of the above.

True

According to Eames in "Negotiating Nigerian Bureaucracies," patrimonial authority is one that is organized as an extension of a noble household, where officials act as household servants and are dependents of the ruler. Select one: True False

False

According to Elizabeth Eames in "Negotiating Nigerian Bureaucracies," Nigerian bureaucracies, like those in the west, are organized on the principle Max Weber called legal domination. Select one: True False

False

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," North Americans fail in their attempt to classify people into races because they ignore important physical differences such as body shape (rounded and lanky, for example). True/False

d. vegetable, fruit

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," an avocado is classed as a ____________ in the United States and a ____________ in Brazil. Select one: a. fruit, seed b. seed, nut c. vegetable, nut d. vegetable, fruit

True

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," an avocado is classified by Brazilians as a fruit and by North Americans as a vegetable. Select one: True False

Other

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," an increase in immigration has caused the most rapidly growing census category, which is now a. other. b. black. c. Asian. d. Native American.

B. Brazilians have a different set of racial categories than do North Americans

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," his daughter can change her race by flying from New York to Brazil. She can do this because a. Brazilians don't know what her North American racial classification is. b. Brazilians have a different set of racial categories than do North Americans. c. she can claim to be any race she wants; there are no such things as biological races. d. although she is classed as white in the United States, she can become loura, preta, or tipo in Brazil.

False

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," human beings cannot be classified into races on the basis of physical characteristics because there is so little variation within the human species. True False

B. Brazilian names for different tipos (types)

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," the terms moreno, loura, branca, and preta all refer to a. areas of Brazil after which groups of people are named. b. Brazilian names for different tipos (types) c. areas of Brazil from which particular tipos are thought to have originated. d. a folk taxonomy of skin colors starting with black and ending with white.

b. permit richer farmers to maintained their standard of living.

According to Goldstein (Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife), Tibetan polyandry functions above all to Select one: a. adapt Tibetans to a shortage of land. b. permit richer farmers to maintained their standard of living. c. respond to a shortage of women caused by high rates of female infanticide. d. preserve the matriline. e. preserve the patriline.

True

According to Goldstein (Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife), it is richer Tibetans living in Nepal who prefer polyandry. Select one: True False

a. requires a group of brothers to marry one woman.

According to Goldstein, Tibetan polyandry Select one: a. requires a group of brothers to marry one woman. b. is caused by high rates of female infanticide, creating a shortage of women. c. is a response to a shortage of arable land. d. two of the above. e. a, b, and c above.

False

According to Goldstein, Tibetan polyandry is a response to a shortage of arable land. Select one: True False

d. it is difficult to terrace new land and keep animals simultaneously without help.

According to Goldstein, it is difficult for a male Tibetan to start his own farm because Select one: a. the government restricts access to new land. b. he must get permission from his lineage head, something that is hard to do. c. there is no more land to reclaim in the mountains. d. it is difficult to terrace new land and keep animals simultaneously without help. e. all of the above

c. hard labor.

According to Nordstrom in "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story of Amputees," the first step in the informal economy formed by marginalized women in Muleque is Select one: a. making products to sell at a small marketplace. b. investment in a woman's informal bank. c. hard labor. d. begging.

d. invest in a small piece of farmland to grow and harvest crops to sell.

According to Nordstrom in "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story of Amputees," when a woman receives the entire banking pot in her informal banking group, she often will use the money to Select one: a. purchase a boutique and set up a formal business. b. build a decent home to live in. c. buy a car and hire a driver. d. invest in a small piece of farmland to grow and harvest crops to sell.

True

According to Rogozen-Soltar in "Becoming Muslim in Europe," Islam is the world's fastest growing religion, due in part to new births in existing Muslim societies and to new Muslims who have converted. Select one: True False

True

According to Rogozen-Soltar in "Becoming Muslim in Europe," Spain was part of the Muslim empire for 800 years and evidence of that history is seen in cities such as Granada, buildings such as the Alhambra, and in Spanish cuisine, music, and dance. Select one: True False

False

According to Rogozen-Soltar in "Becoming Muslim in Europe," due to the progressive attitudes of many European countries, converts to Islam face few political or social challenges. Select one: True False

Correct

According to Scheper-Hughes (Mother's Love: Death without Weeping), mothers living in Alto do Cruzeiro in northeastern Brazil have been known to actually hasten the death of babies they feel will not survive by failing to feed them properly. Select one: True False

True

According to Scheper-Hughes, civil and church authorities in the northeast town of Bom Jesus de Mata, Brazil, treat infant death casually and without much concern. Select one: True False

a. fail to recognize malnutrition as the primary cause of illness among poor babies.

According to Scheper-Hughes, doctors in the Brazilian town of Bom Jesus de Mata often Select one: a. fail to recognize malnutrition as the primary cause of illness among poor babies. b. refuse to examine poor babies. c. prescribe drugs that their mothers cannot afford to buy for their sick babies. d. hospitalize poor sick babies because the infants' mothers can't care for them. e. claim poor mothers are killing their babies through neglect.

False

According to Scheper-Hughes, the doctors and clergy of the Brazilian city of Bom Jesus de Mata work hard to save the lives of poor children born in the shanty town of Alto do Cruzeiro but fail because of the indifference of the infants' mothers. Select one: True False

True

According to Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon) the "100-hour couple" phenomenon is a factor that "pushes" women to leave the workforce. Select one: True False

e. all of the above

According to Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon), factors that pull women to resign from work and return to home full time include Select one: a. being with their children. b. lower stress. c. sense of responsibility. d. nostalgia. e. all of the above

true

According to Sutherland in "The Case of an American Gypsy," Gypsies frequently take one another's Social Security numbers in order to hide their identities. Select one: True False

a. view Gypsies as a criminal society

According to Sutherland in "The Case of an American Gypsy," officials in the American justice system often Select one: a. view Gypsies as a criminal society b. trump up evidence against Gypsies. c. deny Gypsy defendants their rights while they are in jail. d. get extensive training in Gypsy culture.

Correct

According to Sutherland in "The Case of an American Gypsy," the largest group to which Gypsies belong is called the vitsa. Select one: True False

True

According to William ("The Berdache Tradition"), Indians do not see the assumption of berdache status as a result of an exercise of free will on the part of the boy, but rather as the boy acting out his basic character. Select one: True False

d. in four areas.

According to William ("The Berdache Tradition"), berdachism in aboriginal North American was most established among tribes Select one: a. everywhere. b. in eastern North America only. c. in three areas. d. in four areas. e. in five areas.

Correct

According to William ("The Berdache Tradition"), one of the basic tenets of American Indian religion is the notion that everything in the universe is related. Select one: True False

False

According to William ("The Berdache Tradition"), the Western Judeo-Christian tradition is the arbiter of natural human behavior. Select one: True False

c. based on anatomy.

According to William ("The Berdache Tradition"), the commonly accepted notion of "the opposite sex" that is prevalent in our society is, Select one: a. a result of cross-cultural misunderstanding. b. a cultural construct. c. based on anatomy. d. two of the above. e. none of the above.

True

According to William ("The Berdache Tradition"), the mediator between polarities of woman and man in the American Indian religious explanation is a being that combines elements of both genders. Select one: True False

False

According to William, ("The Berdache Tradition"), Berdachism is a way for society to force some atypical individuals to transform in such a way that they become aligned with society's norms. Select one: True False

c. view Catholicism as integral to their national identity.

As a result of the Spanish Inquisition and Franco's enforcement of Catholicism as a national religion, most Spaniards Select one: a. believe it is easy to be both Muslim and Spanish. b. embrace their fellow citizens who are exercising religious freedom by converting. c. view Catholicism as integral to their national identity. d. grow up in religiously diverse towns and cities, exposed to many other religions.

False

Dash and Long-Leg are Nigerian terms that refer to types of runners. Select one: True False

Correct

Goldstein argues that Tibetan Polyandry permits wealthy farmers to maintain their higher standard of living. Select one: True False

True

Goldstein argues that Tibetan polyandry functions to reduce the birth rate. Select one: True False

False

Goldstein believes that Tibetan polyandry is a response to high rates of female infanticide. Select one: True False

False

In "Becoming Muslim in Europe," Rogozen-Soltar states that in order to convert to the Muslim faith, would-be converts must enroll in religion classes and receive official acceptance from religious authorities. Select one: True False

False

In "Becoming Muslim in Europe," author Mikaela Rogozen-Soltar states that Spain does not have one predominant religion; its citizens represent a wide variety of religious beliefs, including significant percentages of Jews, Catholics, Protestants, and Muslims. Select one: True False

b. rival the entire gross domestic products (GDPs) of the countries of this region of the world.

In "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story of Amputees," Nordstrom observes that the earnings, networks, and contributions to development by the amputees and other women in Africa Select one: a. do not contribute as much to the economy as the amount earned in unauthorized diamond mining. b. rival the entire gross domestic products (GDPs) of the countries of this region of the world. c. pale in comparison to the GDPs of countries in this region of the world. d. do not rise to the level of the $1 billion a year lost from oil profits.

a. people from anywhere on the planet can mate with others from anywhere else and produce fertile offspring.

In "Mixed Blood," Fish argues that human biological races do not exist because a. people from anywhere on the planet can mate with others from anywhere else and produce fertile offspring. b. scientists have ignored important physical traits such as body shape. c. people find it politically incorrect to name them. d. the real traits that indicate genetic groupings cannot be observed.

False

In "Mixed Blood," Fish argues that scientists, such as psychologists, use the concept of hypo-descent to choose the physical characteristics that determine biological races. True/False

c. are apparent early, when the child is between 9 and 12 years old.

In "The Berdache Tradition," William mentions an elder explaining to him that a child's tendencies to become a berdache Select one: a. are biological b. develop during puberty. c. are apparent early, when the child is between 9 and 12 years old. d. cause his family some embarrassment. e. are accompanied by severe anxiety.

True

In "The Case of an American Gypsy," Sutherland argues that Gypsies hide their personal identities as a way to combat persecution by members of the societies in which they live. Select one: True False

true

In "The Case of an American Gypsy," Sutherland describes a case in which a young Gypsy man was accused of fraud by police in St. Paul, Minnesota. Select one: True False

a. the Gypsy had not intended to commit a crime when he used the number

In "The Case of an American Gypsy," Sutherland notes that the lawyer defending a young Gypsy man of using a relative's Social Security number argued in court that Select one: a. the Gypsy had not intended to commit a crime when he used the number b. the Gypsy used the number because of a fear of pollution (marime) from non-Gypsies. c. Gypsies did not traditionally use Social Security, so Social Security numbers had no importance to them. d. many Gypsies are undocumented due to the broken immigration system.

False

In "The Case of an American Gypsy," Sutherland notes that the young Gypsy man she helped to defend in court refused to eat jail food, as a protest for not being allowed to call his relatives. Select one: True False