Module 7 SPE525 + ASRs 1-7

The Dependent Variable is the

Behavior

For what type of question would you NOT use an ABAC design?

Demonstration

For what type of question would you use an ABAB design?

Demonstration

Identify the type of Research Question: Will modeling fluent speech decrease a child's disfluencies?

Demonstration

When identifying whether or not she has a demonstration of experimental control in a Multi-Element/Alternating Treatments Design, a researcher must look for which of the following?

Differentiation in the data paths of the intervention conditions

Behaviors that have a clear beginning and end and are of short duration are known as _________.

Discrete behaviors

Behaviors that occur without need for antecedent stimuli or an antecedent cue are known as:

Free operant behavior

Immediacy of Effect/Change, Overlap and Consistency are examples of _____ patterns or analyses?

between conditions

This can be used to ensure reliability of data collection:

interobserver agreement

____________ evaluation may include questionnaires or normative sampling to determine the _______ or ________ of interventions.

social validity, generalization, maintenance

The extent to which the targeted behavior generalizes to other contexts, settings, materials, or people from those in the original study is known as?

stimulus generalization

The independent variable is:

the intervention

Which of the following are ways to mitigate (prevent or reduce) the concern of sequencing effects in a Multi-Element/Alternating Treatments Design?

1. Include a "best treatment" phase after the comparison phase 2. include a control (baseline) condition during the comparison phase

Which of the following are concerns with an ABC design?

1. carry over effects 2. sequencing effects 3. lack of functional relation

What is the minimum number of tiers required to demonstrate a functional relation in a multiple baseline/multiple probe design?

3

Though higher percentages are preferred, the generally agreed upon minimum percentage of IOA acceptable is:

80%

Which of the following best denote a REVERSAL design

ABA'B

Identify the type of Research Question: Will sign language or a speech generating device increase requesting?

Comparison

Identify the type of Research Question: Does a functional communication training procedure with or without response-extinction more quickly reduce self-injury?

Component

Describe what is considered high quality or rigor with regard to treatment fidelity reporting in single case research studies.

High quality and rigor are terms used to help describe to what extent researchers or individuals in a study are confident in the results of a study. As mentioned in our textbook written by Ledford and Gast, an ideal study will have high quality, a low risk of bias and high rigor and internal validity. Five elements that are vital in determining rigor in a study are, the use of an appropriate design to answer the research questions being presented, having decent opportunities to demonstrate effects, the demonstration of adequate reliability of both independent and dependent variables, and finally, collecting a decent amount of data. These five elements influence the rigor with regards to treatment fidelity as a study cannot be considered rigorous without these. These elements also determine quality improvement and assist in increasing applicability, importance and generality (Ledford and Gast, p. 366, 2009). An experimental evaluation is considered most rigorous, which involves the measuring of generalization alongside target behavior data. In addition, it allows for the experimental analysis of primary and generalization data (Ledford and Gast, p. 320, 2009). Rigor is used with regard to treatment fidelity reporting to determine at to what extent a single case research study has been performed in a manner to allow confidence in the results at the end of the study. A high rigor will mean, high confidence in the study's results, which means, high fidelity.(Ledford and Gast, p. 366, 2009).

Each of the following is an example of a condition across which a multiple baseline design may be used, EXCEPT

Interventions ones that it may be used include, behavior, participants, settings

According to the Ledford and Gast textbook as well as this ASR, Sequencing Effects, Carryover Effects, and Alternation Effects are all types of _______.

Multi-Treatment Designs

Collecting data intermittently until three sessions immediately prior to implementing the intervention is acceptable in which type of design?

Multiple probe

Collecting data at different points in time across participants or other conditions is acceptable in which type of design?

Noncurrent multiple baseline

Identify the type of Research Question Will 7.5, 15, or 30 minutes of peer-mediated instruction improve reading fluency?

Parametric

A BCBA wants to know whether the intervention DRA alone or DRA plus an extinction procedure will lead to greater decreases in noncompliant behavior for one of his clients. He can only use which of the following?

The BCBA can only use Alternating Treatments (Traditional) to answer his research question

The two dimensions of interest in behavior are: ________ and ________.

Time/Number

Behaviors that require antecedent stimuli or cue are known as _______.

Trial-based behaviors

Non-continuous measurements of behavior provide only estimates of behavior.

True

Operational definitions of behavior may contain examples and non-examples.

True

Each of the following is important for mitigation of threats to internal validity in a multiple baseline design EXCEPT

conditions must be the same

Behaviors that last for longer durations are known as _______.

continuous behaviors

______ may occur when a data collector departs from accurate use of definitions of behavior over time.

observer drift

When a research team includes ecological validity, social validity, generalization, maintenance, and randomization (if applicable), their study can be said to have ___________.

quality

The extent to which a new, untrained behavior emerges is known as?

response generalization

When a research team has planned and conducted their study in such a way that it produces convincing results, this is known as?

rigor

Level, trend, and variability/stability are examples of _________ patterns or analyses?

within conditions