ANTH 1003 Final
According to the lecture, when did earth hit its first billion people?
1800, with the rise of Industrialism
Which system of kinship terminology is typical of most industrialized cultures, including our own?
Eskimo
The rule that says within a group of endotherms, individuals living near the equator tend to have darker pigment.
Gloger's rule
Which English philosophers were concerned with the problem of disorder and argued that chaos is avoidable by creating strong government?
Hobbes and Locke
According to the lecture, the scientific consensus on human-driven (anthropogenic) climate change refers to:
Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals show that 97 percent or more of actively publishing climate scientists agree climate-warming is likely due to human activities
This assumes a close relationship between language and culture and claims that language defines people's experiences
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Which is NOT true of shamans?
They are generally found in more complex/industrialized societies.
The concept that people have images, knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscape that affect how they will actually interact with it is called
a cultural landscape
Capitalism is an example of:
a market system
Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as
a pidgin language
According to the lecture, animism, on the most basic level, is the belief in:
a soul
According to anthropologists, economies are shaped by which factors?
all of the above
Eating practices relate to
all of the above
Magical techniques may involve
all of the above
The Potlatch is an example of:
all of the above
What do environmental anthropologists study
all of the above
Human skin color is distributed:
as a cline (it's a clinal trait)
Anthropometry measures
body parameters to assess physical variation
Which of the following is a payment made from the groom's family to the bride's family upon their marriage?
bride wealth
By the end of the Paleolithic Era, humans had accomplished all of the following EXCEPT:
domestication of plants
Of the many reasons suggested for the abandonment of the Mayan city of Copán, one reason we can safely say was not part of the process was
drought
For pastoral groups such as the Dinka and the Nuer, the cow acts as which kind of symbol?
elaborating symbol
Languages always change very slowly, taking generations or even centuries.
false
Rich documentation describing the minute details of daily life exist for all of the city-states in the Middle East region, including Mesopotamia and Egypt.
false
The subsistence pattern utilized by humans for most of our history has been:
foraging
Which mode of subsistence includes the search for wild, edible things?
foraging
For most hunter-gatherer societies, most of the diet comes from:
gathered plants
The EARLIEST domesticates include
grasses and dogs
Anthropologists think that the first hominin capable of speaking in sounds, not signals, was:
homo erectus
One of the defining hypotheses about hunter-gatherer societies that changed after the "Man the Hunter" conference is that
hunting was not the defining feature of hunter-gatherer societies
The "one-drop rule" as used by the U.S. Census in the 1800s is a reflection of
ideology
Archaeologist Kent Flannery suggests that farming probably began:
in poor areas at the margins of rich ones
Which word is most closely linked to the Marxist perspective?
inequality
Anthropology's understanding of skin pigmentation emphasizes that
it is an adaptive response to ultraviolet light
To say that human race is a folk taxonomy means that:
it is an example of a set of cultural categories based on physical differences
Early anthropologists considered the environments of hunter-gatherer societies to be harsh, and their methods of subsistence and technology to be simple, crude, and primitive, reinforcing
long-held cultural stereotypes
If you studied speech patterns such as those analyzed in Robin Lakoff's study of gendered speech, you might find that "talking like a lady"
marginalizes women's voices in work contexts
For U.S. and many other citizens in Western nations, getting married means finding the right person and tying the knot in a nice ceremony, something in other countries that is not common because
marriage is usually a matter of social and economic relationships between families
How words fit together to make meaningful units is called
morphology
When anthropologists study the way people use language in real settings rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on
parole
Which of the following is not a political act?
posting what you had for dinner on Facebook
The ability to control others, even over their objections, is referred to as ________.
power
Stylized performances involving symbols that are associated with social, political, and religious activities are called
rituals
Which of the following developed groups for categorizing humans into distinct races?
scientists
A society having many different parts organized into a single social system is said to have
social complexity
In some Pentecostal and charismatic Christian religions adherents experience an ecstatic religious happening (often associated with shamanism), which is known as
speaking in tongues
According to the lecture, the Neolithic began with
the domestication of plants and animals
Gender refers to:
the social/cultural categories of men and women
The social processes that make race part of the natural order of things
the way race is naturalized
Prayer, eating, sacrifice, music, and transcendent states all have what function in the context of religion?
to help get in touch with the supernatural
In a caste system, social stratification is based on ascribed status.
true
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam became state religions, whose religious message and ritual supported the government of the state.
true
One of the biggest problems found in industrial agriculture is overproduction.
true
One surprising discovery about hunter-gatherer lives was that they worked only a few hours a week
true
The way in which most people incorporate the social and material aspects of their lives into biological experiences and outcomes is known as embodiment. (T/F)
true
Weddings and marriages are usually less about the couple than about relationships with the couple's social network, including friends and family.
true
Women provide most of the diet in foraging societies.
true
Women who practice polyandry tend to marry
two or more brothers