ANTH 1003 Final

According to the lecture, when did earth hit its first billion people?

1800, with the rise of Industrialism

Which system of kinship terminology is typical of most industrialized cultures, including our own?

Eskimo

The rule that says within a group of endotherms, individuals living near the equator tend to have darker pigment.

Gloger's rule

Which English philosophers were concerned with the problem of disorder and argued that chaos is avoidable by creating strong government?

Hobbes and Locke

According to the lecture, the scientific consensus on human-driven (anthropogenic) climate change refers to:

Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals show that 97 percent or more of actively publishing climate scientists agree climate-warming is likely due to human activities

This assumes a close relationship between language and culture and claims that language defines people's experiences

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Which is NOT true of shamans?

They are generally found in more complex/industrialized societies.

The concept that people have images, knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscape that affect how they will actually interact with it is called

a cultural landscape

Capitalism is an example of:

a market system

Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as

a pidgin language

According to the lecture, animism, on the most basic level, is the belief in:

a soul

According to anthropologists, economies are shaped by which factors?

all of the above

Eating practices relate to

all of the above

Magical techniques may involve

all of the above

The Potlatch is an example of:

all of the above

What do environmental anthropologists study

all of the above

Human skin color is distributed:

as a cline (it's a clinal trait)

Anthropometry measures

body parameters to assess physical variation

Which of the following is a payment made from the groom's family to the bride's family upon their marriage?

bride wealth

By the end of the Paleolithic Era, humans had accomplished all of the following EXCEPT:

domestication of plants

Of the many reasons suggested for the abandonment of the Mayan city of Copán, one reason we can safely say was not part of the process was

drought

For pastoral groups such as the Dinka and the Nuer, the cow acts as which kind of symbol?

elaborating symbol

Languages always change very slowly, taking generations or even centuries.

false

Rich documentation describing the minute details of daily life exist for all of the city-states in the Middle East region, including Mesopotamia and Egypt.

false

The subsistence pattern utilized by humans for most of our history has been:

foraging

Which mode of subsistence includes the search for wild, edible things?

foraging

For most hunter-gatherer societies, most of the diet comes from:

gathered plants

The EARLIEST domesticates include

grasses and dogs

Anthropologists think that the first hominin capable of speaking in sounds, not signals, was:

homo erectus

One of the defining hypotheses about hunter-gatherer societies that changed after the "Man the Hunter" conference is that

hunting was not the defining feature of hunter-gatherer societies

The "one-drop rule" as used by the U.S. Census in the 1800s is a reflection of

ideology

Archaeologist Kent Flannery suggests that farming probably began:

in poor areas at the margins of rich ones

Which word is most closely linked to the Marxist perspective?

inequality

Anthropology's understanding of skin pigmentation emphasizes that

it is an adaptive response to ultraviolet light

To say that human race is a folk taxonomy means that:

it is an example of a set of cultural categories based on physical differences

Early anthropologists considered the environments of hunter-gatherer societies to be harsh, and their methods of subsistence and technology to be simple, crude, and primitive, reinforcing

long-held cultural stereotypes

If you studied speech patterns such as those analyzed in Robin Lakoff's study of gendered speech, you might find that "talking like a lady"

marginalizes women's voices in work contexts

For U.S. and many other citizens in Western nations, getting married means finding the right person and tying the knot in a nice ceremony, something in other countries that is not common because

marriage is usually a matter of social and economic relationships between families

How words fit together to make meaningful units is called

morphology

When anthropologists study the way people use language in real settings rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on

parole

Which of the following is not a political act?

posting what you had for dinner on Facebook

The ability to control others, even over their objections, is referred to as ________.

power

Stylized performances involving symbols that are associated with social, political, and religious activities are called

rituals

Which of the following developed groups for categorizing humans into distinct races?

scientists

A society having many different parts organized into a single social system is said to have

social complexity

In some Pentecostal and charismatic Christian religions adherents experience an ecstatic religious happening (often associated with shamanism), which is known as

speaking in tongues

According to the lecture, the Neolithic began with

the domestication of plants and animals

Gender refers to:

the social/cultural categories of men and women

The social processes that make race part of the natural order of things

the way race is naturalized

Prayer, eating, sacrifice, music, and transcendent states all have what function in the context of religion?

to help get in touch with the supernatural

In a caste system, social stratification is based on ascribed status.

true

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam became state religions, whose religious message and ritual supported the government of the state.

true

One of the biggest problems found in industrial agriculture is overproduction.

true

One surprising discovery about hunter-gatherer lives was that they worked only a few hours a week

true

The way in which most people incorporate the social and material aspects of their lives into biological experiences and outcomes is known as embodiment. (T/F)

true

Weddings and marriages are usually less about the couple than about relationships with the couple's social network, including friends and family.

true

Women provide most of the diet in foraging societies.

true

Women who practice polyandry tend to marry

two or more brothers