ANTH 1003 Midterm (Managan)
The suggestion that all cultures progress through a similar set of stages is no longer accepted in contemporary anthropology. This theory was known as: a. unilineal cultural evolution. b. historical particularism. c. structural functionalism. d. the interpretivist approach
A.
Which of the following terms refers to the process of learning culture? a. enculturation b. cultural relativism c. ethnocentrism d. agency
A.
All of the jobs listed are academic teaching positions. (T/F)
False
What is reflexivity?
a critical self examination of the role of the anthropologist and an awareness that who one is affects what one finds out
What is interpretivist approach/symbolic anthropology
significan trend in anthropological theory,a conceptual framework that sees culture primarily as a symbolic system of deep meaning
What is structural functionalism?
significant trend in anthropological theory, a conceptual framework posting that each element of society serves a particular function to keep the entire system in equilibrium
What is unilinear cultural evolution (ary theory)?
significant trend in anthropological theory, early anthropologists suggested that all cultures would naturally evolve through the same sequence
What is historical particularism?
significant trend in anthropological theory, the idea attributed to Franz Boas that cultures develop in specific ways because of their unique history
What is race?
sociocultural construct, not related to biological reality
What is enculturation?
the process of learning culture, example of learned behaviors in culture
What is flexible accumulation?
the increasingly flexible strategies that corporations use to accumulate profits in a era of globalization,enabled by innovative communication and transportation technologies
What is time space compression?
the rapid innovation of communication and transportation technologies associated with globalization that transforms the way people think about space and time
definition of culture from book
the set of learned behaviors and ideas that human beings acquire as members of a given society or community
What is anthropology?
the study of the full scope of human diversity and the application of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds better understand one another
What is focal vocabulary?
the words and terminology that develop with particular sophistication to describe the unique cultural realities experienced by a group of people
The handshake as a form of greeting in the United States is an example of a: a. cultural norm. b. cultural value. c. cultural symbol. d. mental map of reality.
C.
What are the goals of anthropology?
1. describe, analyze and explain different societies and cultures 2.show how groups have adapted to their environments and gave meaning to their lives 3.comprehend the entire human experience
What is the relationship between race and genetics?
1. genotype:all the genes a person carried 2.phenotype:for how your genes are expressed 3.modern racial paradigms inextricably linkied traits
what are 4 examples on how language and power interconnected?
1.N-Word 2.Mock Spanish 3.Language and dialects 4.language and social stratification
What are the four fiends of anthropology?
1.archaelogy 2.physical or biological anthropology 3.social cultural anthropology 4.linguistic anthropology
How is globalization transforming the world?
1.changin communities 2.changing research strategies
What is culture?
1.cultural practices of ethnic groups or refined sensibilities 2.for anthropologists culture is a very broad concept 3.in contrast to popular usage everyone has culture and we don't judge what is good or bad 4.something that is distinct from nature 5.shared knowledge 6.a symbolic system(webs of significance) 7.a tool/meditating object 8.a system of practices 9.habitual actions/embodied knowledge
What are the effects of globalization on languages?
1.diminishing diversity 2.hastening language loss 3.language revitalization and preservation
How is globalization transforming culture?
1.homogenization 2.a two way transference of culture through migration 3.increased cosmopolitanism
What are the types of racism?
1.indivdual 2.institutional 3.racial ideology
Characteristics of culture
1.made up of learned behaviors 2.symbolic 3.mental maps 4.patterned,integrated and shared by members of a group 5.adaptive, contested subject to change
What are the shifts in ethnographic writing?
1.polyvocality (voice) 2.reflexivity 3.authority
What are the key dynamics of globalization?
1.time space compression 2.flexible accumulation 3.increasing migration 4.uneven development 5.rapid change 6.adapting to the natural world 7.shaping the natural world 8.humans and climate change
Which of the following are listed in your chapter as ways in which globalization is transforming culture? Select all that apply. a. homogenization b. two-way transference of culture through migration c. increased cosmopolitanism d. increased ethnocentrism
A,B,&C
Which of the following attributes are associated with culture? Select all that apply a. Culture is constantly changing. b. Culture is the foundational portion of a society's makeup that is unchanging. c. Core cultural beliefs are often challenged. d. The human capacity for sharing and learning culture is unique among animal species
A,C,&D
"The ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence" (page 50) is known as: a. power. b. stratification. c. hegemony. d. agency.
A.
Each of the following would be studied via kinesics, EXCEPT... a. a guttural sound, such as a scream b. a wave hello or goodbye c. a scowl d. a wink
A.
How many languages are currently in use in the world? a. nearly 7,000 b. nearly 700 c. nearly 70 d. nearly 70,000
A.
The belief that cultural patterns are determined by our genetic makeup is best described using which term? a. nature b. nurture c. hegemony d. agency
A.
Which of the following are listed in your chapter as ways in which globalization is transforming culture? Select all that apply. a. homogenization b. two-way transference of culture through migration c. increased cosmopolitanism d. increased ethnocentrism
C.
Which of the following are examples of cultural relativism? Select all that apply. a. attempts to explain the dangers of starvation rituals to an indigenous group b. attempts to understand native feasting behavior in its local context c. attempts to comprehend the motives behind the 9/11 attacks d. attempts to make sense of shared ritual behavior that is biologically harmful, such as scarification rituals or drug-induced trances
B,C,&D
Bertha likes to eat dinner at 5 p.m. She travels to Italy and decides she doesn't like the country because restaurants tend to open for dinner at 7 p.m. or later. Bertha is practicing: a. cultural relativism. b. ethnocentrism. c. endogamy. d. enculturation
B.
Bertram marries someone from outside his cultural group. Which anthropological term best applies to this situation? a. endogamy b. exogamy c. ethnocentrism d. enculturation
B.
Contemporary debates about privacy in American society post-9/11 are fundamentally debates about which of the following? a. cultural norms b. cultural values c. cultural symbols d. mental maps of reality
B.
Each of the following is an example of a dialect, EXCEPT... a. black English vernacular b. call systems c. a Southern accent d. Cajun French
B.
Each of the following is an example of the effects of globalization on language, EXCEPT... a. Language diversity diminishes over time. b. Humans are using language less. c. Language loss is hastened. d. Endangered languages are being recorded and preserved.
B.
In class we discussed anthropological careers and noted that many anthropologists' find work in product marketing. Which of the following jobs confirms that trend? a. Mid Level Archaeologist, AMEC Environment and Infrastructure, Inc. b. Senior User Experience Architect, Fiserv, Inc. c. Instructor, Sociology Human Services, Coastline Community College d. Customer Service/Help Desk, Vitalyst
B.
Terms such as participant observation, ethnography, and cultural relativism are part of the anthropologist's: a. lexicon. b. focal vocabulary. c. paralanguage. d. syntax.
B.
What is the ethnography of speaking? a. A book by Jane Hill about Mock Spanish b. an approach to studying language that consists of a structural analysis of communication in relation to speech that attends to patterns and functions of language use c. an method of conducting research that involves speaking rather than taking field notes d. speaking about one's research findings rather than publishing them in an article or book
B.
Which of the four subfields of anthropology is described in Chapter 4? a. physical anthropology b. linguistic anthropology c. archaeology d. cultural anthropology
B.
Which of the theories below sees power differentials between males and females in a society as a foundation for gender-based differences in language? a. difference model b. dominance model c. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis d. code switching
B.
The ability of individuals and/or groups "to contest cultural norms, values, mental maps of reality, symbols, institutions, and structures of power" (page 54) is known as: a. power. b. stratification. c. agency. d. hegemony.
C.
The belief that culture is held together by a series of important elements such as economy, education, religion, kinship, and politics that all serve to maintain societal equilibrium is known as: a. unilineal cultural evolution. b. historical particularism. c. structural functionalism. d. the interpretivist approach
C.
While material power such as coercion and brute force were tools used by the Nazi regime, the creation of cultural agreement about the "dangers" of populations such as the Jews, Roma, and others was what ultimately allowed the horrors of the Holocaust to take place. This cultural agreement is known as: a. power. b. stratification. c. hegemony. d. agency.
C.
While material power such as coercion and brute force were tools used by the Nazi regime, the creation of cultural agreement about the "dangers" of populations such as the Jews, Roma, and others was what ultimately allowed the horrors of the Holocaust to take place. This cultural agreement is known as: a. power. b. stratification. c. hegemony. d. agency.
C.
Bernice spends time each day reading online news reports from several different news agencies around the world. As a result, she becomes aware of multiple ideas and perspectives, incorporating these into her own outlook and actions. This is an example of which of the following terms? a. ethnocentrism b. hegemony c. functionalism d. cosmopolitanism
D.
Dumbledore, a pet Doberman, barks three times every day when the mail carrier comes by the house. Which of the following terms is most applicable to the dog's communication? a. language b. productivity c. displacement d. call system
D.
Each of the following might be considered an element of language, EXCEPT... a. words b. sounds c. gestures d. call systems
D.
Franz Boas believed that cultures develop in different ways because of the unique and complex sets of issues and situations that members of the cultural group face over time. This way of understanding cultural differences came to be known as: a. unilineal cultural evolution. b. structural functionalism. c. the interpretivist approach. d. historical particularism
D.
The jobs listed fall into all of the following categories EXCEPT: a. health and human services b. marketing/market research (understanding consumers) c. education d. food service (e.g., waiting tables)
D.
Which of the following theoretical perspectives sees culture as a symbolic system of deep meaning? a. unilineal cultural evolution b. historical particularism c. structural functionalism d. the interpretivist approach
D.
Many of the jobs listed require skills in addition to an anthropology degree. (T/F)
True
What is participant observation?
a key anthropological research strategy involving both participation in and observing of the daily life of the people being studied
What is fieldwork?
a research strategy that involves immersion and interaction with a community over and extended period which can transform an anthropologist
What is Jena 6?
an example of how culture and power are interconnected, Kenneth Purvisa (a black student) got permission to sit under the "white tree" at his school, once he and his cousins did, the next day there were 3 nooses handing from the tree in which 3 white boys were the cause of it. The principle wanted them expelled but the superintendent and the school board insisted they only got 3 days of in school suspension and they also stated to a reported that "it wasn't meant as a threat to anyone"
What is ethnocentrism?
belief that one's culture is better, more natural than other cultures, measures other cultures by the degree to which they live up to one's own cultural standards
Who is Margaret Mead?
blended their fieldwork and dynamic writing, which was unique and provide her with the authority and opportunity to engage a proud public audience
Who is Annette Weiner?
carefully considered the need for reflexivity while conducting fieldwork
What is Holism?
consoders culture,history,language,economics, and biology as essential to complete the understanding of society, seeks to understand human beings as whole organisms who adapt to their environments through a complex interaction
Who is Franz Boas?
developed a 4 field approach that included gathering cultural,linguistic. archaeological, and biological data, often called salvage ethnography because of the speed at which it was conducted
What are digital natives?
generation of people born after 1980 who have been raised in a digital age
What is hegemony?
how culture and power are interconnected, how states achieve and maintain social order and dominace without coercion-power to create consent and agreement a population
What is agency?
how culture and power are interconnected, the ability of individuals and/or groups to contest cultural norms, values,mental maps of reality, symbols, and institutions, and structures of power
What is Black English?
linguistic anthropologists and other scholars of language have extensively studied one particular form of English that is spoken by millions of African Americans in the U.S.
What is Emic?
insider's view,how people in a given community view their society and culture, describes the organization and meaning a culture's practices for its members
What is linguistic anthropology?
interdisciplinary cultural beliefs about language, culturally patterned ways of using language, language use in context
what is racism?
is a complex system of power that draws on the culturally constructed categories of race to rank people as superior or inferior, and to differential allocate access to power, privilege, resources, and opportunities
Who is Bronislaw Malinowski?
known to be the father of fieldwork, conceptualized participant observation as the cornerstone of field work
What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
language vs. linguistic relativity, not a dominant idea in linguistic anthropology anymore, the idea that different languages create different ways of thinking
What is ethnography of speaking?
looks at the "meaning in use" and not just the structural analysis of language,vocabulary, and grammar. It is how communities categorize behavior and communication, including that community's definition of speaking
What is Anthropological ethics?
moral and ethical implications of anthropological research and writing are of deep concern within the discipline and have particularly hot topics at various times in the history. As a result, the american anthropological association (AAA) has developed an extensive set of ethical guidelines
What is Etic?
outsider or analyst's view,views a given community's social organization and cultural beliefs and practices, tries to determine the causes of particular cultural patterns that may be beyond the awareness of the culture being studied, may involve comparison with researchers society and culture or other known societies
What is sociolinguistics?
sub discipline of linguistics that focuses on speech performance and social variation in language
What is a digital divide?
the divide of the digital haves and have not,access to things like laptops and other digital resources is stratified on a global level, often along the lines of race,class, and nationality
What is cultural relativism?
understand the values and customs in terms of the culture of which they are a part
Who is E.E.Evans-Pritchard?
used the adopted synchronic approach which controlled experiments by limiting consideration of the larger historical and social context in order to isolate as many variables as possible, leading figure of his time