ANTH205 Exam 1 (chapter 1 - Anthropology, Ethnocentrism, Culture)
Americans are ______ of the world population.
4.5%
Culture
A set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization, or group + "software of the mind"
Study of humankind
Anthropology
Study of past human activity based on the material remains left behind
Archaeology
Who called culture the totality of human behavior, ideas, history, institutions, and artifacts?
Edward B Taylor
Claude-Levy Strauss believes all humans have the same culture and there are no differences between us (T/F).
False
Archaeology studies the past through the analysis of documents (what people say happened) (T/F).
False (history)
Who called culture the "software of the mind?"
Geert Hofstede
Who studied cultures of IBM workers in different countries and regions, trying to understand basic cultural differences between them.
Geert Hofstede
Study of past human activity based on documents
History
Unlike ethnography, what does survey research do?
Is conducted with little or no personal contact between study subjects and researchers
Who was Imo?
Japanese macaque that discovered that sweet potatoes tasted better when washed
Who was one of the founders of both anthropology and sociology?
Lewis Henry Morgan
Ethnocentrism
Making value judgements about another culture from perspectives of one's own cultural system
Who said that culture is behavior determined by techno-environmental factors?
Marvin Harris
Which field studies the problems connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, and language?
Philosophy
Who said that culture is a population of memes?
Richard Dawkins
Who said: "The unexamined life is not worth living."
Socrates
Which country publicly challenged the morality of Article 5 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Nobody should be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman, or degrading punishment)?
The United States of America
Cultural relativism
The argument that behavior in a particular culture should not be judged by the standards of another
What is a likely action by an ethnocentric person?
To decide that their own culture is best and ridicule others because they are different
The main objective of this course, as stated in the first class is:
To explain that although we may sometimes look rather different, we are all very much alike
Anthropology differs from other disciplines that study human beings because it is comparative, holistic, and global (T/F).
True
Anthropology is the study of humans, past and present (T/F).
True
Archaeology studies the material culture of past societies (what people left behind) (T/F).
True
Claude Levy-Strauss believed that cultures could be superimposed, compared, and analyzed because we all think in the same way (T/F).
True
Culture is learned (T/F)
True
Ethnography is the branch of anthropology that gathers data and aims at describing the nature of ethnic groups (T/F)
True
Ethnology is the branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes ethnic or national divisions of humanity (T/F).
True
Normative mandatory patterns are patterns people must follow (T/F)
True
Multicultural curriculum
a necessary part of education in a multicultural world that is getting more integrated every day
What is a wrong definition of culture?
an attribute of a single individual
Humanities study human condition through:
analytic methods, critical methods, and speculative methods
Anthropology is divided into four main subfields: biological, linguistics, cultural, and ____________.
archaeology
Applied Anthropology focuses on:
contemporary human problems and solutions
Which is not considered part of the humanities?
entomology
What is the most popular research method for cultural anthropologists?
ethnography
An etic approach investigates how locals think, categorize the world, express thoughts, and interpret stimuli from a situation within the culture analyzed (T/F)
false
Anthropology is purely a social science and physical sciences do not play a role (T/F).
false
History is the study of fact and not opinion (T/F).
false
The line between inherited and acquired behavior has been clearly defined by neurologists and anthropologists working together (T/F).
false
Which field studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth?
geography
What is Bronislaw Malinowski not well known for?
his fieldwork with San
Which is not a common method found in the study of Humanities?
it uses empirical methods
What would maladaptive cultural encourage? a. overpopulation b. pollution c. overconsumption d. all of the above e. none of the above
none of the above
Which of the following field is a part of Social Sciences? a. physics b. chemistry c. geology d. math e. none of the above
none of the above
Which of these patterns are of interest to anthropologists?
patterns of life, distributional patterns, historical patterns
Independence Day commemorates
the adoption of the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress
Critical skills are:
the most important intellectual tool for leading professional life
Biological Anthropology
the study of evolution
Linguistics
the study of how languages originated, spread, and changed
Cultural Anthropology
the study of living people
Urban Anthropology focuses on problems like:
transportation within large cities, problems related to work in urban societies, acculturation of migrant populations in industrial countries, changes in family structure triggered by migration from agricultural to urban environments
According to Pascal Boyer, memes are cultural units that can be transmitted, can change, and adapt, survive or disappear
true
An emic approach investigates how locals think, categorize the world, express thoughts, and interpret stimuli from a situation within the culture analyzed (T/F)
true
Anthropology is both comparative and holistic (T/F).
true
Behavioral patterns are the percentage of people in a society or culture that do one thing (T/F)
true
Claude Levy-Strass believed that cultures could be compared because we all think in similar ways (T/F).
true
Cultural resources management is a form of applied archaeology (T/F)
true
Culture is a central concern to anthropologists (T/F).
true
Culture is a set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization, or group (T/F).
true
Culture is learned but can affect our biology and is our adaptive mechanism (T/F).
true
History, Business Administration, Political Science, Economics, Education, Geography, Law, Psychology, and Anthropology are considered social sciences (T/F).
true
Linguistic anthropology studies the history and evolution of languages, and structures of languages (T/F)
true
Normative preferential patterns are patterns that should follow but often do not (T/F).
true
Sociology studies society and social activity (T/F).
true
Sociology studies the social activity of people (T/F).
true
Subcultural groups can be international (T/F).
true
applied anthropology focuses on our modern problems
true
biological anthropology studies primates and human diversity, evolution, and genetics (T/F)
true
ethnographies form the database for comparative culture studies
true
Real culture
what people really do
Ideal Culture
what people say they do