Anthro Exam 4 (Final) Extra Credit Material

Define the term aesthetic experience. Discuss the concept of a universal gaze or universal aesthetic and how what is considered art varies across cultures.

the perception through one's senses in contrast with the perception through intellect and logic universal gaze — an intrinsic way of perceiving art — that guides the ways people respond to art

Define the term ethnomusicology and identify the objectives of this type of research, using the research into kinetic orality in U.S. playgrounds.

the study of music and culture transferred from generation to generation as central lessons of socialization for young African American girls

Define the term visual anthropology and explain the significance of Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins's research into the power of the images in National Geographic's photographic gaze in shaping readers' views of other cultures.

explores the production, circulation, and consumption of visual images, focusing on the power of visual representation to influence culture and cultural identity. National Geographic's beautiful photos of smiling people from around the globe have inspired world travel, scientific exploration, and even sexual fantasies for generations of U.S. readers. projected a particular perspective on human nature, the natural world, history, and difference.

Define the term authenticity and explain its importance in a tourist economy.

he perception of an object's antiquity, uniqueness, and originality within a local culture The aesthetic values of Western tourists and collectors, expressed in their consumption patterns, significantly influence the production, marketing, and display of West African art.

Discuss the perspectives taken by anthropologists of art, including why the "social life" of art is considered important.

processes and meaning of art as it emerges in each local context, investigating art's "social life" as it moves beyond local borders

Explain how studying art can provide anthropologists with insight on social dynamics founded in local gender, race or ethnic, economic, or political hierarchies.

Artistic expressions enable people to explore and perform alternative identities to those that seem "normal" within the dominant culture. enable a marginalized group to protest unequal power relationships and to assert a strong sense of identity despite that inequality.

Discuss the evidence the archaeological record provides of early human art, including the findings in South Africa and Europe.

Blombos Cave, South Africa: anatomically modern humans were making finely crafted stone weapon points, carving tools out of animal bones, and engraving symbols on blocks of a red stone called ochre Paleolithic Cave Paintings in Europe: artists elaborately depicted reindeer, bison, mammoth, horses, lions, and other animals prevalent in that period. Carved human figurines, jewelry, ritual objects, and bone and ivory carvings accompany elaborate burial sites found in the caves

Define the concepts of fine and popular art, and provide two examples of each to distinguish these two art forms.

Fine art: Creative expression and communication often associated with cultural elites. (fashion shows, sculptures, performances) Popular art: Creative expression and communication often associated with the general population.

Define Arjun Appadurai's notion of a global mediascape, identifying the seven forms of media the author identifies as critical for the transmission of images and ideas in the globalization process.

Global cultural flows of media and visual images that enable linkages and communication across boundaries in ways unimaginable a century ago. people, money, data, goods, and services, transformed the flow of images and sounds social media

Explain the anthropological interest in art and identify the three principal issues that anthropologists investigate.

Humans express themselves creatively and interact meaningfully through the visual and written arts, movement, sound, and more the anthropology of art challenges commonplace notions of (1) a distinction between fine art and popular art, (2) the existence of a universal art aesthetic, and (3) the assumption of qualitative differences between Western art and so-called primitive art.

Discuss the global dimensions of art, including how art produced at the local level is influenced by globalization.

Local art practices, objects, and events intersect with global movements of people and ideas.

Define Western art and primitive art and explain the role anthropologists played in bringing primitive art to museums.

Western art: curators displayed art in a minimalist manner, perhaps accompanied only by a piece's title, date, and name of artist, in an attempt to allow the art to speak for itself Western art evolved into primitive art Primitive art: largely without reference to the art's original cultural context

Explain how anthropological studies of art and media are holistic, in that they are tied to other aspects of everyday life in a community (economics, social life, etc.).

art is embedded in everyday exchanges, social networks, business negotiations, and other struggles over profit, power, and prestige.