Biology Chapter 13 Test
What is a mutation?
A change in the genetic material of a cell.
An organism is a multi cellular heterotroph made up of eukaryotic cells lacking cell walls. Into which taxonomic group should the organism be classified?
Animals
In an evolutionary classification scheme, species within one genus should...
Be more closely related to one another than they are to species in another genus.
Translation occurs...
Between mRNA and tRNA
Which characteristic distinguishes eukoryotes from other organisms?
Cells with nuclei encased within membranes.
How are clades different from traditional Linnaean taxonomic groups?
Clades focus on derived characters
Which feature do scientists mainly consider when grouping organisms according to evolutionary classification?
Common Ancestry
Why have most scientists changed their method of classification?
DNA evidence often shows that species that share characteristics but look different can be more closely related than species that look alike.
From the DNA model lab we completed with beads, what 2 molecules made up the backbone of the DNA?
Deoxyribose and phosphate
In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a...
Derived Character
Which term best describes a trait that is shared by all members of a clade and only by members of that clade?
Derived characters
A scientist is building a cladogram for animals. Which of the following is a node that you would expect to find on the cladogram?
Deuterostome Development
Transcription occurs...
In the nucleus
An organism is classified in the kingdom Plantae. Which of the following must be true about the organism?
It is autotrophic
What is the role of the enzyme RNA polymerase in the process of transcription?
It transcribes DNA sequences to produce a complementary strand of RNA.
DNA cannot...
Leave the nucleus
In heterotrophs, energy for the life processes comes from the chemical energy stored in the bonds of...
Organic Compounds
Blocking gene expression by means of a silencing complex is known as...
RNA inferference
If the following cross occurs... AA with aa, what is the result?
Ration of 4:0
What is the correct base pairs in DNA?
T-A G-C
What can be determined by interpreting a cladogram?
The derived characters that differentiate species on the cladogram.
Which of the six kingdoms correspond to the domain Eukarya?
The kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia only
Each node on a cladogram represents...
The last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor.
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
To carry amino acids to ribosomes to build the polypeptide.
What is the goal of evolutionary classification?
To classify organisms according to phylogeny rather than physical similarities only.
The decoding of mRNA to form a polypeptide chain is...
Translation
The process in which the genetic code in RNA is converted into a polypeptide chain (protein) is called...
Translation
Which of the following best defines the process of transcription? a) A molecule of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence of RNA. b) A DNA strand unzips and makes an exact copy of itself. c) tRNA molecules carry amino acids to match up with the sequence on the RNA molecule. d) None of the answer choices.
a) A molecule of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence of RNA.
Fungi are different from plants primarily because they...
are heterotrophic
Which of the following statements about translation is true? a) It is the process in which base-pairs are matched with nucleotides in DNA. b) It is the process in which proteins are made in ribosomes according to instructions in messenger RNA. c) It is the process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into RNA. d) None of the answer choices.
b) It is the process in which proteins are made in ribosomes according to instructions in messenger RNA.
Which of the following steps is the first step in translation? a) A stop codon is reached and the polypeptide is completed. b) A ribosome reads a start codon from the mRNA. c) mRNA enters the cytoplasm from the nucleus. d) A ribosome moves along mRNA binding tRNA molecules and amino acids.
c) mRNA enters the cytoplasm from the nucleus.
Occasionally cells make mistakes in copying their own DNA by inserting the wrong base or skipping a base as a strand is constructed. What is an effect of these errors? a) A dramatic change in protein structure or gene activity that may disrupt normal biological activity. b) A mutation that can help an organism become better adapted to its environment. c) A genetic error that causes no known negative or positive effects. d) All of the answer choices.
d) All of the answer choices
What is one reason why the classification of protists is difficult? a)Some protists are unicellular while other protists are multicellular b)Protists more closely resemble members of other eukryotic kingdoms than they do other protists. c)Protists may be funguslike, plantlike, or animal-like, but they do not have characteristics of more than one of these groups d)All of the answer choices
d)All of the above
Which type of mRNA attach to certain other mRNA molecules to keep them from passing on their protein-making instructions.
miRNA
A genus is composed of a number of similar...
orders
In the process of translation, amino acids are brought to the mRNA strand by...
tRNA molecules
