D & N Exam 17

A client with type 1 diabetes has to burn fats for energy, with a resulting buildup of which of the following in the blood? 1. Fatty acids 2. Glycerol 3. Glucose 4. Ketones

4. Ketones

Which of the following is a vegetable exchange? 1. 1/2 cup of chopped, cooked broccoli 2. 1 cup of lettuce 3. 1/2 cup of cream-style corn 4. One medium white potato

1. 1/2 cup of chopped, cooked broccoli

Which of the following values for a fasting blood sugar (FBS) is a normal range? 1. 70 to 110 mg/dL 2. 140 to 160 mg/dL 3. 55 to 70 mg/dL 4. 110 to 140 mg/dL

1. 70 to 110 mg/dL

Usually a high priority for nutritional therapy in type 2 diabetes is: 1. Achieving desirable glucose, blood pressure, and lipid levels, as well as weight control 2. Strict compliance with a meal pattern of three meals and three snacks per day 3. Protein intake at 250% of the recommended dietary allowance for individuals without diabetes 4. Careful adherence to the distribution plan for nutrients throughout the day

1. Achieving desirable glucose, blood pressure, and lipid levels, as well as weight control

Sick Day Guidelines include all except the following: 1. Discontinuing all medications 2. Increasing fluid intake 3. Drinking liquids containing carbohydrates and electrolytes if vomiting 4. Testing blood glucose levels frequently

1. Discontinuing all medications

What should the health educator tell a client with diabetes to carry to treat hypoglycemia? 1. Glucose tablets 2. King-size bar of chocolate candy 3. Small box of raisins 4. Dietetic candy

1. Glucose Tablets

Which of the following laboratory tests will reflect blood sugar levels over a 3- to 4-month period? 1. Glycosylated hemoglobin 2. Glucose tolerance test 3. Fasting blood sugar 4. Urinary glucose

1. Glycosylated hemoglobin

An exercise program helps in the control of blood glucose levels by: 1. Increasing the number of insulin receptors on muscle fibers 2. Increasing insulin requirements 3. Increasing glycogen stores 4. Stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin

1. Increasing the number of insulin receptors on muscle fibers

Hyperglycemia may be caused by: 1. Infection 2. Too much insulin 3. More exercise than usual 4. Eating less food than usual

1. Infection

Which of the following hormones acts to lower blood sugar? 1. Insulin 2. Epinephrine 3. Glucagon 4. Growth hormone

1. Insulin

Which of the following interventions has been shown to delay the onset and slow the progression of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy? 1. Intensive control of blood glucose levels 2. Weekly visits to the clinic or physician's office 3. Intermittent adherence to the American Diabetic Association diet 4. Self-monitoring of blood glucose

1. Intensive control of blood glucose levels

Which of the statements about insulin is true? 1. It cannot be administered orally. 2. It is a byproduct of the production of pancreatic lipase. 3. Its source is the alpha cells of the pancreas. 4. It is necessary for the digestion of protein.

1. It cannot be administered orally.

The renal threshold refers to the: 1. Level of glucose in the blood that triggers glycosuria 2. Amount of glucose in the urine in a positive glucose tolerance test 3. Ratio of blood glucose to glucose measured in the urine 4. Point at which the kidney returns glucose to the bloodstream

1. Level of glucose in the blood that triggers glycosuria

A client with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus is at high risk for acidosis because of which of the following? Selected Answer: 1. The body cannot quickly metabolize the body fat that is broken down for energy. 2. The liver continues to break down glycogen to glucose. 3. The kidneys cannot excrete the excess glucose effectively. 4. An elevated serum glucose level contributes to the osmotic retention of water.

1. The body cannot quickly metabolize the body fat that is broken down for energy.

Women with gestational diabetes often give birth to larger-than-average infants. Which of the following explanations is most accurate? 1. The fetus produces sufficient insulin to convert the glucose from the placenta to adipose tissue. 2. The fetus selectively absorbs the glucose but not the insulin from the mother. 3. Fetal insulin is stronger than maternal insulin. 4. The woman's tissues become insulin resistant, and her insulin crosses the placenta.

1. The fetus produces sufficient insulin to convert the glucose from the placenta to adipose tissue.

Which of the following situations might lead a health-care provider to consider testing for diabetes? 1. Alcohol abuse 2. Frequent infections that are slow to respond to treatment 3. Recent weight gain related to binging and purging 4. Sudden onset of dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

2. Frequent infections that are slow to respond to treatment

The following is true about the medication acarbose (Precose) except: 1. Two percent of the drug is excreted by the kidneys. 2. It should be taken on an empty stomach. 3. It is usually given in three doses per day. 4. Ninety-eight percent of the drug is not absorbed.

2. It should be taken on an empty stomach.

The following is true about the medication glipizide (Glucotrol): 1. It is usually given in three doses per day. 2. It should be taken on an empty stomach. 3. It increases liver glucose production. 4. It reduces insulin resistance.

2. It should be taken on an empty stomach.

Hypoglycemia is not caused by: 1. Delay in eating a meal. 2. Overconsumption of food 3. Taking too much insulin 4. Greater than usual amounts of exercise

2. Overconsumption of food

The classic triad of symptoms of diabetes includes all except: 1. Polyuria 2. Polycythemia 3. Polydipsia 4. Polyphagia

2. Polycythemia

One of the ways oral hypoglycemic agents act is by: 1. Increasing the amount of epinephrine released by the adrenal gland 2. Stimulating the pancreas to release insulin 3. Substituting a synthetic product for natural insulin 4. Stimulating peristalsis to eliminate excess glucose in the feces

2. Stimulating the pancreas to release insulin

After reviewing information about type 1 diabetes, additional review is needed when the client states which of the following? 1. This type is mostly found in children and adolescents. 2. Weight reduction is always an important part of therapy. 3. Individual are more prone to autoimmune disease. 4. The pathology involves damaged beta cells.

2. Weight reduction is always an important part of therapy.

To prevent the development of ketosis, which nutrient should the nurse encourage? 1. Minerals 2. Fiber 3. Carbohydrates 4. Vitamins

3. Carbohydrates

Which of the following is classified as a starch exchange as opposed to a vegetable exchange? 1. Tomatoes 2. Summer squash 3. Celery 4. Corn

4. Corn

Which one of the following statements about type 2 diabetes is true? Selected Answer: 1. It is an inconvenience but is never life threatening. 2. It is usually diagnosed in young people. 3. It never requires an insulin prescription. 4. It is associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

It is associated with an increased risk of heart disease.