Anthropology Ch 5
The largest primate that ever lived is ________________
Gigantopithecus
In which of the following epochs did hominoids become widespread?
Miocene
The earliest hominoid fossils date to the ______________epoch
Miocene
The anthropoid suborder has two infraorder, one which is platyrrhines, which included_________________
New World monkeys
Discovered by in 2004, __________ was an ape species that lived during the middle Miocene about 13 million years ago
Pierolapithecus
The primate suborder ____________ includes lemurs and lorises
Strepsirrhini
Brachiation
Swinging hand over hand movement through trees, characteristic of arboreal apes and some New World monkeys.
Strepsirrhini
The primate suborder that includes tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans.
bipedal
Upright two-legged locomotion, the key feature differentiating early hominins from the apes.
opposable thumb
a thumb that can touch all the other fingers
Which of the following are characteristics of the oranutans?
adult males weigh more than twice as much as females they live in jungles and feed in trees males typically climb, rather than sing through, trees
Similar traits can arise if species experience similar selective forces and adapt to them in similar ways. These similarities are called ________________
analogies
Which of the following distinguished anthropoids from prosimians during the Eocene epoch?
anthropoid brains and eyes grew bigger anthropoid eyes were rotated more forward
Which of the following tend toward orthograde posture?
apes humans
Primates
apes, monkeys, tarsiers, lemurs, lorises; members of the zoological order that includes humans
sometimes called the pygmy chimpanzee. ____________ live in the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo
bonobos
hand- over- hand movement through the trees is known as ____________________
brachiation
T/F: some apes have tails
false
Which of the following statements about baboon are true?
female baboons form the stable core of the terrestrial monkey troop male baboons leave their troops for another near the time of puberty
Which of the following is the smallest and most agile of the apes?
gibbons
Which of the following statements about gorillas are true?
gorillas live in social groups gorillas spend little time in the trees most of the gorilla's day is spent feeding
terrestrial
ground- dwelling
Traits inherited from a common ancestor are called _______________
homologies
Which of the following have longer legs than arms
humans
Which of the following belong to the hominoid family?
humans apes
Which of the following statements regarding apes and humans are true?
humans and apes are more closely related to each other than they are to monkeys humans and apes belong to the same taxonomic superfamily humans and apes share common ancestry
Where do New World monkeys live?
in the forests of Central and South America
convergent evolution
independent operation of similar selective forces; process by which analogies are produced
Which of the following statements regarding Gigantopithecus are true?
it was confined to Asia it is the largest primate that ever lived
Which of the following features distinguished Pierolapthecus from the lesser apes?
its lower spine its rib cage its wrist
Which of the following is the broadest of the classificatory units of zoological taxonomy
kingdom
Which of the following best distinguishes prosimians from the anthropoids?
many prosimians are nocturnal
m.y.a.
million years ago
anthropoids
monkey, apes, and humans
During the Eocene, proto- monkeys branched off from the simian line by becoming ______________
more diurnal
Which of the following is the most solitary of the great apes?
orangutans
The assignment of organisms to categories according to their relationship and resemblance is known as ________________
taxonomy
Which of the following are traits of terrestrial, as opposed to arboreal, Old World monkeys?
terrestrial monkey are larger than arboreal monkeys sexual dimorphism tends to be more marked in terrestrial than in arboreal monkeys
Different geographic areas provide more abundant primate fossil evidence for different time periods. Which of the following is true?
the fossil record is limited, and much is subject to change
Haplorrhini
the primate suborder that includes lemurs, lorises, and their ancestors
Which of the following discoveries from the Fayum deposits are true?
the proto- monkeys of the Fayum lived in tree and ate fruits and seeds the Fayum fossils revealed the existence of different groups of proto- monkeys the Fayum fossils show distinctive dental formulas
Primatology
the study of the biology, behavior, social life, and evolution of monkeys, apes, and other nonhuman primates
Which of the following traits are shared by apes as distinct from monkeys and other primates?
there is a tendency towards upright posture the body size tends to be larger there is a longer interval between infant births
Which of the following statements about modern- day orangutans are true?
they exist in Indonesia they are endangered
Which of the following statements about catarrhines are true?
they include Old World monkeys, apes, and humans they are sharp- nosed as opposed to flat- nosed
Which of the following are traits that Pierolapithecus shared with other apes, such as chimps and gorillas
they were likely fruit eaters they were adapted for tree climbing as well as knuckle- walking on the ground
Homologies
traits that organisms have jointly inherited from their common ancestor
arboreal
tree-dwelling
Which of the following is the smallest subspecies of gorilla and the animal you normally see in zoos?
western lowland gorilla
Hominoid
zoological superfamily that includes all fossil and living apes and hominins
Thanks to studies by scientists such as Jane Goodall, more is known about the full range of behavior and social organization of what kind of apes?
chimpanzees
Which of the following comprise the great apes of the hominid superfamily?
chimpanzees gorillas orangutans
Which of the following are true about chimps?
chimps are omnivorous chimps live in tropical Africa and range over a larger area than gorillas
Which of the following statements about the behavior of chimps are true?
chimps are very vocal chimps exhibit dominance relationship through attacks and displacement
Taxonomy
classification scheme; assignment to categories (taxa; singular, taxon)
Which of the following best describes the process by which similar traits can arise if species experience similar selective forces and adapt to them in similar ways?
convergent evolution
Genetic relatedness based on common ancestry, such as between humans and apes, is known as ____________
phylogeny
Which of the following are characteristics of primates?
primates have five-digited feet and hands that are suited fro grasping primates' most important means of obtaining information is sight rather than smell
Which of the following happened during the Oligocene epoch?
proto- monkeys became the most numerous primates
Analogies
similarities arising as a result of similar selective forces; traits produced by convergent evolution