Anthropology Ch 5

The largest primate that ever lived is ________________

Gigantopithecus

In which of the following epochs did hominoids become widespread?

Miocene

The earliest hominoid fossils date to the ______________epoch

Miocene

The anthropoid suborder has two infraorder, one which is platyrrhines, which included_________________

New World monkeys

Discovered by in 2004, __________ was an ape species that lived during the middle Miocene about 13 million years ago

Pierolapithecus

The primate suborder ____________ includes lemurs and lorises

Strepsirrhini

Brachiation

Swinging hand over hand movement through trees, characteristic of arboreal apes and some New World monkeys.

Strepsirrhini

The primate suborder that includes tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans.

bipedal

Upright two-legged locomotion, the key feature differentiating early hominins from the apes.

opposable thumb

a thumb that can touch all the other fingers

Which of the following are characteristics of the oranutans?

adult males weigh more than twice as much as females they live in jungles and feed in trees males typically climb, rather than sing through, trees

Similar traits can arise if species experience similar selective forces and adapt to them in similar ways. These similarities are called ________________

analogies

Which of the following distinguished anthropoids from prosimians during the Eocene epoch?

anthropoid brains and eyes grew bigger anthropoid eyes were rotated more forward

Which of the following tend toward orthograde posture?

apes humans

Primates

apes, monkeys, tarsiers, lemurs, lorises; members of the zoological order that includes humans

sometimes called the pygmy chimpanzee. ____________ live in the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo

bonobos

hand- over- hand movement through the trees is known as ____________________

brachiation

T/F: some apes have tails

false

Which of the following statements about baboon are true?

female baboons form the stable core of the terrestrial monkey troop male baboons leave their troops for another near the time of puberty

Which of the following is the smallest and most agile of the apes?

gibbons

Which of the following statements about gorillas are true?

gorillas live in social groups gorillas spend little time in the trees most of the gorilla's day is spent feeding

terrestrial

ground- dwelling

Traits inherited from a common ancestor are called _______________

homologies

Which of the following have longer legs than arms

humans

Which of the following belong to the hominoid family?

humans apes

Which of the following statements regarding apes and humans are true?

humans and apes are more closely related to each other than they are to monkeys humans and apes belong to the same taxonomic superfamily humans and apes share common ancestry

Where do New World monkeys live?

in the forests of Central and South America

convergent evolution

independent operation of similar selective forces; process by which analogies are produced

Which of the following statements regarding Gigantopithecus are true?

it was confined to Asia it is the largest primate that ever lived

Which of the following features distinguished Pierolapthecus from the lesser apes?

its lower spine its rib cage its wrist

Which of the following is the broadest of the classificatory units of zoological taxonomy

kingdom

Which of the following best distinguishes prosimians from the anthropoids?

many prosimians are nocturnal

m.y.a.

million years ago

anthropoids

monkey, apes, and humans

During the Eocene, proto- monkeys branched off from the simian line by becoming ______________

more diurnal

Which of the following is the most solitary of the great apes?

orangutans

The assignment of organisms to categories according to their relationship and resemblance is known as ________________

taxonomy

Which of the following are traits of terrestrial, as opposed to arboreal, Old World monkeys?

terrestrial monkey are larger than arboreal monkeys sexual dimorphism tends to be more marked in terrestrial than in arboreal monkeys

Different geographic areas provide more abundant primate fossil evidence for different time periods. Which of the following is true?

the fossil record is limited, and much is subject to change

Haplorrhini

the primate suborder that includes lemurs, lorises, and their ancestors

Which of the following discoveries from the Fayum deposits are true?

the proto- monkeys of the Fayum lived in tree and ate fruits and seeds the Fayum fossils revealed the existence of different groups of proto- monkeys the Fayum fossils show distinctive dental formulas

Primatology

the study of the biology, behavior, social life, and evolution of monkeys, apes, and other nonhuman primates

Which of the following traits are shared by apes as distinct from monkeys and other primates?

there is a tendency towards upright posture the body size tends to be larger there is a longer interval between infant births

Which of the following statements about modern- day orangutans are true?

they exist in Indonesia they are endangered

Which of the following statements about catarrhines are true?

they include Old World monkeys, apes, and humans they are sharp- nosed as opposed to flat- nosed

Which of the following are traits that Pierolapithecus shared with other apes, such as chimps and gorillas

they were likely fruit eaters they were adapted for tree climbing as well as knuckle- walking on the ground

Homologies

traits that organisms have jointly inherited from their common ancestor

arboreal

tree-dwelling

Which of the following is the smallest subspecies of gorilla and the animal you normally see in zoos?

western lowland gorilla

Hominoid

zoological superfamily that includes all fossil and living apes and hominins

Thanks to studies by scientists such as Jane Goodall, more is known about the full range of behavior and social organization of what kind of apes?

chimpanzees

Which of the following comprise the great apes of the hominid superfamily?

chimpanzees gorillas orangutans

Which of the following are true about chimps?

chimps are omnivorous chimps live in tropical Africa and range over a larger area than gorillas

Which of the following statements about the behavior of chimps are true?

chimps are very vocal chimps exhibit dominance relationship through attacks and displacement

Taxonomy

classification scheme; assignment to categories (taxa; singular, taxon)

Which of the following best describes the process by which similar traits can arise if species experience similar selective forces and adapt to them in similar ways?

convergent evolution

Genetic relatedness based on common ancestry, such as between humans and apes, is known as ____________

phylogeny

Which of the following are characteristics of primates?

primates have five-digited feet and hands that are suited fro grasping primates' most important means of obtaining information is sight rather than smell

Which of the following happened during the Oligocene epoch?

proto- monkeys became the most numerous primates

Analogies

similarities arising as a result of similar selective forces; traits produced by convergent evolution