Anthropology Exam 1 Key Terms and Quiz questions
Captain Samuel Wallice
1st Western to reach Tahiti, Tahitian wanted steel so conservative culture became sexualized overnight and created polynesian promiscuous women stereotype
Catastrophism
65 mill yr ago an asteroid collided with earth and made dinosaurs extinct; change occurs suddenly and throughout catastrophe such as flood vs gradually
feature
A feature in archaeology and especially excavation is a collection of one or more contexts representing some human non-portable activity that generally has a vertical characteristic to it in relation to site stratigraphy ex: pits, walls, and ditches
sagittal keel
A slight ridge of bone found along the midline sagittal suture of the cranium, which is typically found on H. erectus skulls.
ethnography of speaking
An anthropological approach to language that distinguished the ways that people actually speak from the ideal ways that people in any culture are supposed to speak.
Charles Darwin
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)
old world monkeys
Include arboreal and terrestrial species. Lack prehensile tails and their nostrils open downward they have small pocket in chief for food
recent african origin model
Modern humans arose as a new species in Africa about 150,000 years ago, during the late Pleistocene
Alfred Wallace
Naturalist who came to a similar conclusion as Darwin that natural selection could explain the origin of species, biological diversity, and similarities among related life forms.
Niles Eldridge
Proposed the idea of punctuated equilibrium
true
T/F according to "our babies ourselves" in the US individualism is valued highly so generally parents do not hold their babies as much as other cultures
True
T/F anthropologists E. E Evan Pritchard and Renato Rosaldo do not see cultural anthropology as science
true
T/F clyde kluckholn argued that both biological and cultural aspects of humanity must be seen as a continuum of small changes
false
T/F countries find relatively easy to decide what language its citizens will speak
false
T/F cultural anthropology is one of the most quantitative of the social sciences
true
T/F culture can be transmitted virtually through the internet in addition to face to face interaction
ture
T/F elaborating symbols and summarizing symbols work in opposite ways
true
T/F gene flow is the movement of genetic material across different populations
true
T/F historical markers are generally something that convey a limited range of meaning about an object place of event
false
T/F in order to study culture one must travel to distant far off places
false
T/F in science a theory is only a guess
false
T/F material culture consists only of the objects made in preindustrial societies
false
T/F most anthropologist belike in a single unified theory of culture
true
T/F only federally recognized native american tribes can request reparation through NAGPRA
false
T/F the first real protection of preservation of archaeological sites in the US was put in place in 1966
Paleolithic
The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.
participant observation
The standard research method used by sociocultural anthropologists that requires the researcher to live in the community he or she is studying to observe and participate in day-to-day activities.
cultural anthropology
The study of the social lives of living communities.
Archbishop James Ussher
Who created the timelIne that revealed the estimation of the true age of the earth
saggital crest
a bony ridge on the top of the skull to which the jaw muscles are attached.
genetic drift
a change in genetic variation across generations due to random facts
Matrifocal Unit
a cluster of individual generally made up of related females
population
a cluster of individuals of the same species who share a common geographical area and find their mates more often in their own cluster rather than others
surface collection
a collection of pottery and stone artifacts made from the surface of the soil around a possible site
geographical information system
a computerized methodology that bring together data from several sources and integrates them with a geographic reference map
glaciation
a condition when the land surfaces covered with sheets of glacial ice
Carbon 14 dating
a dating method that established the date or period of an organic artifact or feature form the relative proportions of radioactive carbon to nonradioactive isotopes
hominade
a family of primates include hominids humans and ancestors
founder effect
a form of genetic drift that is the result of a dramatic reduction in population numbers so that descendants population descent from a small number of founders
feature
a form of non portable material culture that a human has made and modifies is called an ____
Pleistocene
a geologic period in which much of the land in the northern hemisphere was covered by glaciers these ice sheets retread about 12,000 years ago
Haplotype
a group of distinctive inherited genes
Barjani
a hat that is a statement bout relationship between aboriginal austriallian and powerful outsiders it is also window into historical context of both their society an changing meaning that his howler hat had over its century of existent
creole language
a language of mixed origin that has developed from a complex blending of two parent language that exists as a mother tongue for some part of a population
survey
a list of questions used for data collection and researcher decides what to ask
Ethnopoetics
a method recording oral poetry stones ritual language and nearly any narrative speech act as verses and stanzas rather than as prose paragraphs in order to capture the format and other performative elements that might be lost in written texts
quantitative methods
a methodology that classifies features of a phenomenon, counting or measuring them, and constructing mathematical and statistical models to explain what is observed
mya
a million years ago
plasticity
a particular form of developmental bias in which organism responds to its enviroment by changing during its lifetime
dispersal
a pattern of one sex leaving the group they were born into about the time of reproductivematurity
historic perspective
a perspective that aims to identify and understand the whole that is the systematic connections between individual cultural beliefs and practices rather than the individual parts
functionalism
a perspective that assumes that cultural practices and beliefs serve social purposes in any society
test pit
a preliminary excavation usually of a single m by m square to see fi artifactual materials exists at the site and asses the character of the stratigraphy
hominoid
a primate of a group that includes humans, their fossil ancestors, and the anthropoid apes.
anthropoid
a primate superfamily that includes monkeys apes and humans
Industrialization
a process where society became more technologically advanced that led to anthropology
ethnographic method
a prolonged and and intense observation or a participation of the community
social sanction
a reaction or measure intended to enforce norms and punish their violation
affiliation
a relationship between individual who are frequently in cole associated based on toleracne and friendliness
comparative method
a research method that derives insights from careful comparisons of aspects of two or more culture or societies
qualitative methods
a research strategy producing an in-depth and detailed description of social activities and beliefs
Breccia
a rock composed of broken fragments or minerals cemented together by a fine grained matrix
gene
a segment of DNA that contains the code for a protein
strategy
a set of behaviors that has become prominent in a population as a result of natural selection
phase
a stage where something takes place
taxonomy
a system of naming and classifying organisms
genealogical method
a systematic methodology for recording kinship relations and how kin terms are used in different societies
both names and classifies all organisms according to a system
a taxonomic structure is one that
theory
a tested an repeatedly supported hypothesis
interpretive theory of culture
a theory that culture is embodies and transmitted through symbols
period
a time span
unstructured
a word that best describes participation in observation is
Walbiri aborginals
aboriginal group in central austriallia that nancy munn focused on
bed sharing with a child
according to "our babies ourselves" which of the following is not typical of child rearing practices in the US
testable
according to the lecture in order for an explanation to be defined as scientific it must be
dark fut
according to the survival of the fittest video what rate of the rock pocket mouse was best adapted to survival of the lava flow
nocturnal
active at night
prehensile
adapted for grasping or holding with hand or tail
evolution
adaptive changes in population of organisms across generations
hitting upon the idea of natural selection about the same time as darwin
alfred russsel wallace is known for
social evolution
all societies pass throughs takes form primitive state to complex civilizations cultural differences are the results of different evolutionary stages
recessive allele
an allele tha is only expressed if present in like gene pairs
cost benefits
an analytical approach that considers the caloric cost of obtaining food and the calories obtained
all of the above
an ethical approach to anthropological research would emphasize -a commitment to doing no harm -the rejection of clandestine research -responsiblities toward the host country and people you are studying -all of the above
genotype
an organisms genetic component
cross cultural perspective
analyzing a human social phenomenon by comparing that phenomena in different cultures
chronometric dating
another world for absolute dating
applied anthropology
anthropological research commissioned to serve an organization's needs
practicing anthropology
anthropological work involving research as well as involvement in the design implementation and management of some organization process or product
narrative symbol
anthropologist sherry ortner distinguished three kinds of culturally powerful symbols that include all of the following except -narrative symbols -key scenarios -elaborating symbols -summarizing symbols
homo erectus
anthropologist think that the first human capable of speaking in sounds not signals was
Penicillin
antibiotic illustrates decline in effectiveness because humans become more adapted to them
comparative method
any anthropological research that involves systematic comparison of several societies often used to discern broad patter sin human societies
absolute dating
any dating method that determines an age of a fossil rock artifact or archeological feature on some specific time scale
relative dating
any dating techniques proved us with rough assessments of the age fossil artifacts or archeological features relative to to other fossils rock s na d artifacts
field notes
any info that the anthropologist writes down to transcribe during fieldwork
sites
any location that shows evident of human activity including those with monuments and buildings
informant
any person an anthropologist gets data form in the study community especially people interviews or who provide information about what he or she has observed or heard
intersubjectivity
any person an anthropologist gets data form int eh study community especially people interviewed or who proved information about what he or she has observed or heard
structural linguistics
area of research that investigates the structure of language patterns as they presently exist they compare grammar pattern or other elects to learn how contemporary language and others are diff
ponglinae
asian derived subfam of hominadae (orangoutang)
reconciliation
because of dominant relationship causes conflict there must be _____ through sharing food or embracing
5 to 7 mill
becoming human: according to a technique called molecular clock humans and chimp last shared a common censor about ___yr ago
Sickle cell anemia
blood disorder of 2 recessive alleles for a protein in hemoglobin that changes it shape
gracile
body of slender build
co dominant
both dominant some situation female over males not always clear who is dominant
anthropological linguistics
branch of anthropology studies human being through their language
Aristotle
came up with Great Chain go Being all form of life exist in ranked hieracial order (gods demigods, humans, animals...
Uniformitarianism
change occurs gradually through the result of processes that are still observable today
a more specific age for a fossil or something organic
chronometric dating techniques used by archeologist help establish
philogy
comparative study of ancient texts and documents
simile
comparison using word like or as
genome
complete set of organisms DNA
fieldwork
conducting research in non wester communities spending a year or two observing social life
tree ring dating
counts tree rings each represents a year
all of the above
cultural determination is unproductive for culture analysis because -it denies the influence of facts like physical environment and biology of humans -it can justify atrocities -it explains all human action as the product of culture alone -all of the above
Neoevolutionism
cultures evolve form simple to complex by harnessing nature energy through technology and the influence of particular culture specific process
natural selection
darwin's idea about the major process of evolution is called
sexual dimorphism
differences between sexes in species through body shape and size
Sherry Orther
distinguished three types of symbols ( summarizing, elaborating, and key scenarios)
seriation
documents changes over time in style of pottery find snapping carving etc a relative dating method that analyzes changing styles of these things over the to situate any particular assemblage of artifacts into a time series of style and design
language death
dying of many minority languages
aseptic dimension of material culture
each culture bring wit hit its won system or patterns recognizing what is pleased for attractive when configuration of colors and textures are appealing and which are not
holism
efforts to synthesize distinct approaches and findings into a single comprehensive interpretation
anthropology
emerged in europe and north america as an academic discipline devoted to the systematic observation and analysis of human variation and comparing of different species and people with different cultures
neanderthals
extinct species of archaic humans in genus homo like in eurasia
open communication
form of communication that creates infinite combination of words an dosunds
closed communication
form of communication where each sign or symbol is very specific
Bronislaw Malinowski
founded functionalism
Franz Boas
founded historical particularism
Clifford Geertz
founded interpretive anthropology
Renato Rosaldo
founded post structuralism
Franz Boas
founder of american anthropology and holism
EB tylor
founder of cultural anthropology
gendered speech
gender expectation effect how women speak to mean (talking lady like)
pan
genus of chimpanzees
geomorphologists
geologists who study the formation and structure of the earth's surface
taxonomic structure
group organisms together with similar anatomy all organs some level got rid of Great Chain go BEing
materiality
having the quality of being physical or material
Edward Sapir
he came of with idea of language relativity
Michale Ann Pork
he discovers protestant sect in Canada resemble amish in US and they don't marry outside group and found fingerprints from two colonies more genetically similar to one of anther founding colony gene flow
Lamarck
he founded the fist the first theory of evolution believed who an organism confronted challenging environment condition could intentionally direct fluid to force change
Jay Gould
he wrote the history of evolutional thinking and biology of evolutionary process
archaic homosapiens
homosapien single species compromising several subspecies including archaic vs. modern human
the length of basketball shorts from one period to another
how could you collect data about basketball shorts that resembles alfred kroeber and jane richardson's analyses of women's skirts
they resumed from practical usually economic consideration
how in general does marvin harris a materials explain biblical dietary laws
reproductive success
how many surviving offspring an organism has
he studied the history of human society form simple to complex technology and social institutions
how would you describe Edward Taylor's evolutionary theory
homo sapien
humans
photo-language
hypothetical common ancestral language of two or more living languages
linguistic relativity
idea that people speaking different languages perceive or interpret the world differently
this way of teaching organizes people to promote shared cultural goals
if a functionalist were to explain why the teacher lectures from the front of the classroom to students organized in neatly arranged chairs sh or he would emphasize that
predominantly plant based
if you discovered an ancient homie with megadontia and a dental girding structure similar to paranthropus you might suggest that the idea of the hominin was
metaphor
implicit comparisons of words or things that emphasize similarities between them allowing people to make sense of complex social rations around them
key scenario
implies how people should act
african burial ground national monument
in 2003 in NY 4 coffins with remains of free and enslaved africans we're reburied after remains were found at construction sight and pressured to be excavated causing anger in African American community because loss of data
situational leraning
in an instructional approach developed by Jean Lave and Wenger in 1990 claims students are more incline to learn by actively participation in learning experiences
we can speak using a larynx
in evolutionary terms humans are distinctt form other primates with respect to their ability to use language because
reconnaissance phase of archeology
in this phase of archeology researches investigate whether such location is a viable site walking the area collection whatever scattered artifacts can be found on surface
any of the above
in which of the following locations would you likely find an anthropologist doing field world -factory -mental institution -NY neighborhood -amazon rain forest -any
postorbital contriction
indention of sides of cranium behind the eyes
historical particularism
individual sociétés develop patricial cultural traits and undergo unique process of change, culture traits diffuse from one culture to another
test pits
inorder to be certain that a particular area holds remise for paleoanthropological research what is fist used to evaluate the site
formal interview
interview has a clear goal for the interview and writes down or tape records the informants answers often used for survey data collection researcher decides what is important to ask
informal interview
interviewer has focus for the interview but may not have a clear goal of what info he or she wants interview may begin with certain questions but new questions might emerge notebook may or may not be present
Megadontia
large molar teeth
NAGPRA
law established ownership of human remains grade goods and important cultural objects as belonging to the Native Americans whose ancestors once owned them
Haplogroup
lineages that share haplotype
a pidgin language
linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as
arboreal
living in trees
terrestrial
living on the group
fired work
long term immersion in a community normally involving first hand research in a specific study community or research setting where people's behaviors can be observed and the research can have conversations or interviews with member of the community
customs
long-established norms that have a codified and lawlike aspect
canine/premoral shearing complex
lower 1st premolar tooth rubs against upper canine sharpening flattening
parole
made of socioling and saussure
Optical Stimulated Luminescence
measure the number of electron trapped in the crystalline structure of minerals like quartz after being buried in the earth for long periods of time because crystals absorb radioactive material in soil and when exposed to light the electrons are released and can be measured to estimate the date they were buried
potassium argon dating
measures decay of an i stop of potassium in argon
thermoluminescence dating
measures time elapsed since crystalline material was heated
residue analysis
microscopic analysis of the residues of plant and animal foods especially starches pottery or tools
homo erectus
missing link upright ape
pidgin language
mixed language with simplified grammar typically borrowing vocal from on language to another
multi regional evolutionary model
modern humans are only the most recent version of species homo sapient that have been in Africa Europe Asian for 2 mill year
primate
monkeys, apes, and humans
ethics and ethical approaches in anthropology
moral questions about right and wrong and standards of appropriate behavior
AIM
most prominent and one of earlier Native American activist group founded in 1968 fought for better treatment of Indian remains how'd lack of respect
tangible things that can be studied scientifically
native americans using CRM differ from non indian agencies in how they view heritage management because the latter also always see heritage resources as ___
people learn them when they are young
norms are stable because
post structuralism
not a single school of though but a set of theoretical positions that rejects the idea that there are underlying structures that explain culture. Embraces the ida txt cultural process are dynamic and that observer of a cultural process can ver see culture completely objectively
a prehensile tail
one import adaption found in new world monkeys i the presence of
productivity
one of main feature of human language ( displacement sound cultural productivity)
through the choice of sexual partner
one of the important ways that genetic material is moved between different populations such as through gene flow is
all of the above
one of the methods that archeologist can use to determine potentially useful areas to excavate involves the use of -aerial surveys -surface surveys -regional surveys -GIS systems -all of the above
meaning
one of the obvious challenges that a museum faces in the acquisition presentation and description of objects form otters cultures revolves around differences in ____
foramen magnum
opening in base of skull where spinal cord connects to brain
elaborating symbol
opposite of summarizing symbol the helps us out out complex feelings and relationship (cow in Sudan culture)
extra genetic inheritance
organisms transmit more than geese across generations/ the socially transmitted and epigenetic factor that can aid in the adaptive success of organism
social institutions
organized sets of sisal relationships that link individuals to each other in a structured way in a particle society
larynx
part in throat helps us speak
call system
patterned sounds or utterances that express meaning
uses wear
patterns of wear and tear on artifact that is presumed to be due to use
syntax
patters of world order use to form sentences
social learning
people learn form one another via observation intimidation and modeling
structuralism
people make sense of their worlds through binary oppositions like hot and cold culture nature male and female these binaries are expressed social institutions and cultural practices like kinship and myth language
evolutionary perspective
perspective based on evolution
paleoanthropology
physical anthropologists and archeology who study the fossilized remains of ancient primates an humans to understand their biological and behavioral evolution
developmental bias
physical development can influence the generation of variation (extended evolutionary theses) the idea that no all variations are random but a function of the developmental process organism undergo during their lives that tend to generate certain forms more readily than others
habitation sites
places where people lived at some time in the place
tradition
practices and customer that have become most ritualized and enduring
speciation
process by which new species arise
Benjamin Whorf
proved language relativity by studying people in India
world heritage site
provides financial support to maintain sites of importance to humanity
symbolic learning
reading your textbook is an example of what type of learning
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
recognizing most non european languages organize tense number additives color norms in different ways
more
refer to social norms that are widely observed and are considered to have greater moral significance than others social taboos
dreaming or dreamtime
refers to time that aboriginal people of central austrailia believed their ancestors created the natural features of their worlds as well as the plants and animals that inhabit it
Cultural Resource Management
research and planning aimed at identifying and interpreting and protecting sites and artifact of historic or prehistoric significance
action research
research in which the goal of a researches involvement in a community is to help make social change
repatriation
return of human remains or cultural artifacts to the communities of descendant of people whom they originally belonged
power dimension
reveals the relations of inequality reflected in and object especially why objects of non western people sit in ethnographic museum while few non wester people have museums to view western objects
alluvial soil
rich, fine grained soils deposited by rivers and streams
Oldwan tools
rocks modified to create sharp edges
platyrrhines
scientific name of new world monkey
altruism
seemingly selfless ct that have a net loss of energy to the actor but a net gain in energy to receiver
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
serial shaped molecule stands that contain the biological info for the cell
Nancy Munn
she focused on how men and women among aboriginal group understand meaning of symbols and graphic imagery interested in how ritual performances use art objects to depict dream time
Denisova Cave
showed human have some relationship to monkeys
homologous
similar due to shared ancestry
analogous behavior
similar in appearance or function not that same due to shared ancestry
homo habilis
skillful or handy genus found by Leakey in Tanzania had longer arms
analogous behaviors
social behavior patterns observed none species that look like behavior patterns in another but with do not arise form a shared ancestry are known as
trace fossils
soft tissue such as organs and skin that don't fossilize but sometimes leave impression or traces the sedimentary rock that forms around them
symbol
something as in an object idea image figure or character that represents something else
langue
sound system and grammar to examine speech
Australopithecus afarensis
southern ape where all hominids originated from human lineage come from
New World Monkeys
spider monkeys and woolly monkeys that are widely dispersed from Southern Mexico to Souther Argentina smaller prehensile tail and 3 molars
morphology
structure of words and word formations in language
ethnoscience
study of how people classify thing in the world usually by considering some ranges or set of meaning
Sociolinguistics
study of how socioculture context and norms shape language use and effects has on society
Stratigraphy
study of layers of soil or rock and how they were deposited
archeology
study of past cultures by excavating sites where people lived worked farmed or conducted some other activity
cultural relativism
studying another culture form its own point of view without imposting our own cultural values is known as
historical linguistics
studying language origin an change
values
symbolic expressions of intrinsically desirable principle or qualities
language
system communication consisting of sounds words and grammar
interview
systematic conversation between people
phonology
systematic pattern of sounds in language also known as language sound system
true
t/f the stereotype that tahition women were sexually promiscuous emerged almost overnight after the arrival of Captain Samuel Wallis in 1767 when Tahitian recognized that the Bristis had still that the crew would exchange for sexual favor
historical markers
tangible objects that present an image history
Biological Language Development in Hominins
the ability to make linguistic sound using mouth an larynx in an infinite variety of ways to produce equally diverse range of thought
opposability
the ability to touch the thumb to the tips of the other fingers on the same hand
hominnae
the african sub family of the family hominade which includes humans chimps and gorillas
dominant alleles
the alley that is expressed in a gene pair of unlike alleles
ethnocentrism
the assumption that ones own way of doing thinks is correct while dismissing other peoples practice or views as wrong or ignorant
kin selection
the behavioral favoring of your close genetic relative
closed
the communication systems of nonhuman species consist of a finite limited number of signals for finite specific meanings such systems are said to be
uses data from many different societies
the comparative method does what
adaption
the development of trait that plays a functional role in the ability of a life form to survive and reproduce
Hominine
the division (called a tribe) in the superfamily Hominoidea that includes humans and our recent ancestors
the uses of fire and cooking
the emergence of increased cultural capacity in H erectus can be seeing their changed diest tools and
archaic homo sapiens
the famous group of homies known as the neanderthals is included in which of the following gorups
Macaca
the genus of macaque monkeys widespread all over the world like humanas
phylogeny
the graphic representation that traces of the evolutionary relationship and identifies point when an evolutionary event or change occurred such as the creation of a new species
a great change of being
the greek philosopher aristotle proposed that all life was arranged in
colonialism
the historical practice of more powerful countries claiming possession of less powerful ones
cultural determinism
the idea that all human actions are the product of culture which denies the influence of other factors like physical environment and human biology on human behavior
Haplorrhini traits
the informer of primates including monkeys apes and humans
Strepsirrhini
the infrador primates including lemur galagoses
bicultural evolution
the interaction cultural capacity and biology to meet selection demands
headnotes
the mental notes an anthropologist makes w while in the field which may or may not end up in formal field notes journals
cultural relativism
the moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices
gene flow
the movement of genetic material within and between populations
material culture
the object made and used in any society traditionally the term referred to technology simple objects made in preindustiral societies but material culture my refer to a lathe objects or commodities of modern life as well
phenotype
the observable and measurable traits of an organ
salvage paradigm
the paradigm which held that is was important to observe indigenous ways of life interview elders and assemble collections of objects made and used by indigenous peoples
essentialism
the philosophical position that dictate that each organism has a true ideal form and that all living representative of that organism are sing and deviations from the ideal type
the relationship between the source of the object and its holder
the power dimension of an object reveals the underlying nature of
to maintain a species adaptation to its niche
the primary result of natural selection is
replication
the process by which DNA makes copies of itself
fossilization
the process by which hard tissues like bone and teeth slowly turn to stone as molecule by baleful of the hard tissues turn to rock keeping shape of the original bone
natural selection
the process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited for the environment
mitosis
the process of cell division and replication
meiosis
the process of gamett production
Enculturation
the process of learning the social rules and cultural logic of a society
natural selection
the process through which heritable rates become more or less common in a population related to the reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environments
australopithecines homo hablilis homo erectus homo sapien
the progression of ancestral forms leading to modern day humans the earliest being fist is with of the following sequences
dominance hierarchy
the rankings access to desired resources by different individuals relative to one another
diversity
the seer variety of ways of being human around the world
cranial capacity
the size of the braincase
scientific method
the standard methodology of science the begins from observable facts generates hypothesis form these facts and then tests these hypotheses
Paleothnobotany
the study of ancient plant remains ignorer to reconstruct a picture of prehistoric environment and human plant iterations
behavior ecology
the study of behavior form ecological and evolutionary perspectives
linguistic anthropology
the study of how people communicate with one another through language and how language use shapes groups of membership and identity
biological anthropology
the study of the biological and bicultural aspects of the human species past and present along with those of our closest relatives the non human primates
Paleoanthropology
the study of the history of human evolution through the fossil record
Ethnoprimatology
the study of the interface between human and are communites
archaeology
the subfield of anthology that studies the material remains of past culture is called
cultural anthropology
the subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity beliefs and practice is called
descriptive linguistics
the systematic patters of sounds in a language also known as the language sounds sysgtem
culture
the taken for granted notions rules moralities and behaviors within social groups
fokway
the traditional behavior or way of life of a particular community of people
Cultural Approriation
the unilateral decision of one sisal group to take control over the symbols practices or objects of another
alleles
the variants in the DNA sequences for a given gene
modern synthesis
the view of evolution that accepts the existence of four genetically based process of evolution (mutation, natural selection, gene glow, genetic drift)
extended evolutionary synthesis
the view of evolution that accepts the existence of not just genetically based but also non genetically based processes of evolution
symbolic learning
theory proposed to account for the effectiveness of imagery which suggests that the imagery helps to develop a mental blueprint by creating a moral program in the central of the nervous system
old world
these countries Europe asia and Africa made up ____
Lascaux Cave Paintings
these famous painting in france were painted by anatomically correct and mentally developed humans
historical archaeologist
these people excavate sites where where written historical documentation about the site already exists
Fijian objects of 19th century
these portrayed the three different perspective of wanting artifacts such as to show savagery among culture, science perspective, and promoting government control of island and people
The Dinka and Neur
these societies used elaborating symbols a cow to show social relation with community
Alfred Kroeber and Jane Richardson
these two people did a focus on skirt length to show its fluctuation that represent fashionable dire of women and that drastic change sells more clothes
Allen and Beatrix Gardern
these two people taught sign to chimpanzee
Laetoli footprints
these were found in Tanzania and evidence of Lucy
social lives of things
things have forms uses intertwined in complex ways with peoples lives
Physical Anthropology
this began integrating primatology and anthropology and evolutionary theory and is more concerned with anatomy
Tarahumara Indians
this group go people run barefoot or sandals long distance into old age
peppered moth
this illustrates natural selection/ dark colored moths were more visible to birds on light colored bark more often eaten until soot form factories during industrial revolution made tree bark darker
displacement
this is main feature of human language
new world
this is when the world had connection with americas and oceania
E.E. Evans-Pritchard
this man believed that anthropology should be grouped in humanities and history not science
Clyde Kluckhohn
this man established relationship between evolutionary theory and anthropology: neither biological or cultural aspects of humanity can be understood as a series of separate creations but a continue of small changes and cumulative relationships and selective pressure
De Saussure
this man founded parol and social linguistic
Renato Rosaldo
this man illustrates the POV that anthropology should not state what you feel or be biased but the facts also studied head hunting in Filipino society
socioling
this part of parole refers to accepting whatever form of language a community uses
Saussure
this part of peril refers to form of language you should study
Linnaeus
this person formalized similarities for science by classifying humans along with other apes and monkeys human with genus homo ad chimp and organatang controversial if humans evolve form apes
Lakoffs study of gendered speech
this person studied gendered speech and how women talk lady like using words like lovely and pretty use that marginalize women voice in context like courtroom
The people of Papua New Guinea Highlands
this place and people showed that coffee buyer and planter brought holistic approach and social consequence to their society by creating the idea of social stuff and big man political system
historical dimension of an objects
this shows understanding of local symbolic meaning and the history and culture and relationship between culture and societies
interpretive anthropology
thought that culture shared system of meaning people make sense of their worlds through use of symbols and symbolic actives like myth an ritual
grooming
touching another individual toroemove dirt usually a way for individuals to bond
hominini
tribe of humans
Francis Bacon and Issac Newton
two men who emphasized importance go gaining knowledge through the careful observation of nature sensory evidence and measurement
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm
two people who realized early indo-european forms language (Greek and Latin) shifted to form Germanic lang of English German Danish an dNorweahen
hanging out
type of interview that happens in different ways and situation that is friendly and casual
summarizing symbol
type of symbol that sums up a variety of meaning and experience and links to a sign
norms
typical patters of actual behavior as well as the rules about how things should be done
casual convo
unrecognizable type of interview that is just a conversations with a few notes taken after
empirical
verifiable through observation rather than through logic or theory
establishing ownership
very controversial idea of who get ownership of artifacts
bipedalism
walking on hind legs (humans and monkeys)
interglacials
warm periods between ice ages usually referring to warm periods during the pleistocene
Idustrialization
what process involves shifting form an agricultural economy to a factory based one
dispersal
when children in the US reach a certain age they often move out of their parents home and into their own living space something anthologist refer to as
parole
when language speakers use slang or metaphor they are engaging in which concept suggestd by fresh linguist ferdand de assure
niche construction
when organisms play an active role in their evolution by reshaping the environment toast their own needs
binocular vision/steroscopic
where they eye face forwayr and are close together in primates together they create stereoscopic vision or 3 dimensional and depth perception vision helps locate food and predator in relation to themselves surrounded by bone and helps move in enviroment
dinosaur bones
which of the following is not studied by anthropologists -dinosaur bones -primates -human culture -forensics
strong clavical
which the following is not evidence of early honing bipedal in the fossil record -wide pelvis -foramen magnum -laetoil footprints -strong clavicle
increases speed against predators
which the following is not one of the key benefits of full time bipedalism
protein synthesis
who DNA assists in creation of molecules the make up organisms
americans
who are the narcerima
all of the above
who was the kennewick man -the name gerannlj given it skeletal rains of prehistoric paleoamerican man found on bank of columbia river in washington -the subject of controversial non year court case between the US army corp of engineers scientist and native american who claimed ownership -one of the most complete set of skeletal remains ever found
efyptians
why isn't the sky blue: which society was the earlier to have a term for the color blue in the written literature
red
why isnt the sky blue: according to the studies of Lazarus Geiger what color term appears first and most often in ancient literature
language ideology
widespread assumptions that people make about the relative sophistication and status of parts and dialects language
cognate words
words in 2 language show the same systematic sound shifts as other words in two languages usually interpreted by linguists as evidence for coming linguistic society
sign
words or objects stand form something else or another way to convey meaning (type of symbol)
Horatio Alger myth
young men of honest means could become rich and successful through honesty, hard work, and a little luck (key scenario)