Anthropology Exam 1 Key Terms and Quiz questions

Captain Samuel Wallice

1st Western to reach Tahiti, Tahitian wanted steel so conservative culture became sexualized overnight and created polynesian promiscuous women stereotype

Catastrophism

65 mill yr ago an asteroid collided with earth and made dinosaurs extinct; change occurs suddenly and throughout catastrophe such as flood vs gradually

feature

A feature in archaeology and especially excavation is a collection of one or more contexts representing some human non-portable activity that generally has a vertical characteristic to it in relation to site stratigraphy ex: pits, walls, and ditches

sagittal keel

A slight ridge of bone found along the midline sagittal suture of the cranium, which is typically found on H. erectus skulls.

ethnography of speaking

An anthropological approach to language that distinguished the ways that people actually speak from the ideal ways that people in any culture are supposed to speak.

Charles Darwin

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

old world monkeys

Include arboreal and terrestrial species. Lack prehensile tails and their nostrils open downward they have small pocket in chief for food

recent african origin model

Modern humans arose as a new species in Africa about 150,000 years ago, during the late Pleistocene

Alfred Wallace

Naturalist who came to a similar conclusion as Darwin that natural selection could explain the origin of species, biological diversity, and similarities among related life forms.

Niles Eldridge

Proposed the idea of punctuated equilibrium

true

T/F according to "our babies ourselves" in the US individualism is valued highly so generally parents do not hold their babies as much as other cultures

True

T/F anthropologists E. E Evan Pritchard and Renato Rosaldo do not see cultural anthropology as science

true

T/F clyde kluckholn argued that both biological and cultural aspects of humanity must be seen as a continuum of small changes

false

T/F countries find relatively easy to decide what language its citizens will speak

false

T/F cultural anthropology is one of the most quantitative of the social sciences

true

T/F culture can be transmitted virtually through the internet in addition to face to face interaction

ture

T/F elaborating symbols and summarizing symbols work in opposite ways

true

T/F gene flow is the movement of genetic material across different populations

true

T/F historical markers are generally something that convey a limited range of meaning about an object place of event

false

T/F in order to study culture one must travel to distant far off places

false

T/F in science a theory is only a guess

false

T/F material culture consists only of the objects made in preindustrial societies

false

T/F most anthropologist belike in a single unified theory of culture

true

T/F only federally recognized native american tribes can request reparation through NAGPRA

false

T/F the first real protection of preservation of archaeological sites in the US was put in place in 1966

Paleolithic

The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.

participant observation

The standard research method used by sociocultural anthropologists that requires the researcher to live in the community he or she is studying to observe and participate in day-to-day activities.

cultural anthropology

The study of the social lives of living communities.

Archbishop James Ussher

Who created the timelIne that revealed the estimation of the true age of the earth

saggital crest

a bony ridge on the top of the skull to which the jaw muscles are attached.

genetic drift

a change in genetic variation across generations due to random facts

Matrifocal Unit

a cluster of individual generally made up of related females

population

a cluster of individuals of the same species who share a common geographical area and find their mates more often in their own cluster rather than others

surface collection

a collection of pottery and stone artifacts made from the surface of the soil around a possible site

geographical information system

a computerized methodology that bring together data from several sources and integrates them with a geographic reference map

glaciation

a condition when the land surfaces covered with sheets of glacial ice

Carbon 14 dating

a dating method that established the date or period of an organic artifact or feature form the relative proportions of radioactive carbon to nonradioactive isotopes

hominade

a family of primates include hominids humans and ancestors

founder effect

a form of genetic drift that is the result of a dramatic reduction in population numbers so that descendants population descent from a small number of founders

feature

a form of non portable material culture that a human has made and modifies is called an ____

Pleistocene

a geologic period in which much of the land in the northern hemisphere was covered by glaciers these ice sheets retread about 12,000 years ago

Haplotype

a group of distinctive inherited genes

Barjani

a hat that is a statement bout relationship between aboriginal austriallian and powerful outsiders it is also window into historical context of both their society an changing meaning that his howler hat had over its century of existent

creole language

a language of mixed origin that has developed from a complex blending of two parent language that exists as a mother tongue for some part of a population

survey

a list of questions used for data collection and researcher decides what to ask

Ethnopoetics

a method recording oral poetry stones ritual language and nearly any narrative speech act as verses and stanzas rather than as prose paragraphs in order to capture the format and other performative elements that might be lost in written texts

quantitative methods

a methodology that classifies features of a phenomenon, counting or measuring them, and constructing mathematical and statistical models to explain what is observed

mya

a million years ago

plasticity

a particular form of developmental bias in which organism responds to its enviroment by changing during its lifetime

dispersal

a pattern of one sex leaving the group they were born into about the time of reproductivematurity

historic perspective

a perspective that aims to identify and understand the whole that is the systematic connections between individual cultural beliefs and practices rather than the individual parts

functionalism

a perspective that assumes that cultural practices and beliefs serve social purposes in any society

test pit

a preliminary excavation usually of a single m by m square to see fi artifactual materials exists at the site and asses the character of the stratigraphy

hominoid

a primate of a group that includes humans, their fossil ancestors, and the anthropoid apes.

anthropoid

a primate superfamily that includes monkeys apes and humans

Industrialization

a process where society became more technologically advanced that led to anthropology

ethnographic method

a prolonged and and intense observation or a participation of the community

social sanction

a reaction or measure intended to enforce norms and punish their violation

affiliation

a relationship between individual who are frequently in cole associated based on toleracne and friendliness

comparative method

a research method that derives insights from careful comparisons of aspects of two or more culture or societies

qualitative methods

a research strategy producing an in-depth and detailed description of social activities and beliefs

Breccia

a rock composed of broken fragments or minerals cemented together by a fine grained matrix

gene

a segment of DNA that contains the code for a protein

strategy

a set of behaviors that has become prominent in a population as a result of natural selection

phase

a stage where something takes place

taxonomy

a system of naming and classifying organisms

genealogical method

a systematic methodology for recording kinship relations and how kin terms are used in different societies

both names and classifies all organisms according to a system

a taxonomic structure is one that

theory

a tested an repeatedly supported hypothesis

interpretive theory of culture

a theory that culture is embodies and transmitted through symbols

period

a time span

unstructured

a word that best describes participation in observation is

Walbiri aborginals

aboriginal group in central austriallia that nancy munn focused on

bed sharing with a child

according to "our babies ourselves" which of the following is not typical of child rearing practices in the US

testable

according to the lecture in order for an explanation to be defined as scientific it must be

dark fut

according to the survival of the fittest video what rate of the rock pocket mouse was best adapted to survival of the lava flow

nocturnal

active at night

prehensile

adapted for grasping or holding with hand or tail

evolution

adaptive changes in population of organisms across generations

hitting upon the idea of natural selection about the same time as darwin

alfred russsel wallace is known for

social evolution

all societies pass throughs takes form primitive state to complex civilizations cultural differences are the results of different evolutionary stages

recessive allele

an allele tha is only expressed if present in like gene pairs

cost benefits

an analytical approach that considers the caloric cost of obtaining food and the calories obtained

all of the above

an ethical approach to anthropological research would emphasize -a commitment to doing no harm -the rejection of clandestine research -responsiblities toward the host country and people you are studying -all of the above

genotype

an organisms genetic component

cross cultural perspective

analyzing a human social phenomenon by comparing that phenomena in different cultures

chronometric dating

another world for absolute dating

applied anthropology

anthropological research commissioned to serve an organization's needs

practicing anthropology

anthropological work involving research as well as involvement in the design implementation and management of some organization process or product

narrative symbol

anthropologist sherry ortner distinguished three kinds of culturally powerful symbols that include all of the following except -narrative symbols -key scenarios -elaborating symbols -summarizing symbols

homo erectus

anthropologist think that the first human capable of speaking in sounds not signals was

Penicillin

antibiotic illustrates decline in effectiveness because humans become more adapted to them

comparative method

any anthropological research that involves systematic comparison of several societies often used to discern broad patter sin human societies

absolute dating

any dating method that determines an age of a fossil rock artifact or archeological feature on some specific time scale

relative dating

any dating techniques proved us with rough assessments of the age fossil artifacts or archeological features relative to to other fossils rock s na d artifacts

field notes

any info that the anthropologist writes down to transcribe during fieldwork

sites

any location that shows evident of human activity including those with monuments and buildings

informant

any person an anthropologist gets data form in the study community especially people interviews or who provide information about what he or she has observed or heard

intersubjectivity

any person an anthropologist gets data form int eh study community especially people interviewed or who proved information about what he or she has observed or heard

structural linguistics

area of research that investigates the structure of language patterns as they presently exist they compare grammar pattern or other elects to learn how contemporary language and others are diff

ponglinae

asian derived subfam of hominadae (orangoutang)

reconciliation

because of dominant relationship causes conflict there must be _____ through sharing food or embracing

5 to 7 mill

becoming human: according to a technique called molecular clock humans and chimp last shared a common censor about ___yr ago

Sickle cell anemia

blood disorder of 2 recessive alleles for a protein in hemoglobin that changes it shape

gracile

body of slender build

co dominant

both dominant some situation female over males not always clear who is dominant

anthropological linguistics

branch of anthropology studies human being through their language

Aristotle

came up with Great Chain go Being all form of life exist in ranked hieracial order (gods demigods, humans, animals...

Uniformitarianism

change occurs gradually through the result of processes that are still observable today

a more specific age for a fossil or something organic

chronometric dating techniques used by archeologist help establish

philogy

comparative study of ancient texts and documents

simile

comparison using word like or as

genome

complete set of organisms DNA

fieldwork

conducting research in non wester communities spending a year or two observing social life

tree ring dating

counts tree rings each represents a year

all of the above

cultural determination is unproductive for culture analysis because -it denies the influence of facts like physical environment and biology of humans -it can justify atrocities -it explains all human action as the product of culture alone -all of the above

Neoevolutionism

cultures evolve form simple to complex by harnessing nature energy through technology and the influence of particular culture specific process

natural selection

darwin's idea about the major process of evolution is called

sexual dimorphism

differences between sexes in species through body shape and size

Sherry Orther

distinguished three types of symbols ( summarizing, elaborating, and key scenarios)

seriation

documents changes over time in style of pottery find snapping carving etc a relative dating method that analyzes changing styles of these things over the to situate any particular assemblage of artifacts into a time series of style and design

language death

dying of many minority languages

aseptic dimension of material culture

each culture bring wit hit its won system or patterns recognizing what is pleased for attractive when configuration of colors and textures are appealing and which are not

holism

efforts to synthesize distinct approaches and findings into a single comprehensive interpretation

anthropology

emerged in europe and north america as an academic discipline devoted to the systematic observation and analysis of human variation and comparing of different species and people with different cultures

neanderthals

extinct species of archaic humans in genus homo like in eurasia

open communication

form of communication that creates infinite combination of words an dosunds

closed communication

form of communication where each sign or symbol is very specific

Bronislaw Malinowski

founded functionalism

Franz Boas

founded historical particularism

Clifford Geertz

founded interpretive anthropology

Renato Rosaldo

founded post structuralism

Franz Boas

founder of american anthropology and holism

EB tylor

founder of cultural anthropology

gendered speech

gender expectation effect how women speak to mean (talking lady like)

pan

genus of chimpanzees

geomorphologists

geologists who study the formation and structure of the earth's surface

taxonomic structure

group organisms together with similar anatomy all organs some level got rid of Great Chain go BEing

materiality

having the quality of being physical or material

Edward Sapir

he came of with idea of language relativity

Michale Ann Pork

he discovers protestant sect in Canada resemble amish in US and they don't marry outside group and found fingerprints from two colonies more genetically similar to one of anther founding colony gene flow

Lamarck

he founded the fist the first theory of evolution believed who an organism confronted challenging environment condition could intentionally direct fluid to force change

Jay Gould

he wrote the history of evolutional thinking and biology of evolutionary process

archaic homosapiens

homosapien single species compromising several subspecies including archaic vs. modern human

the length of basketball shorts from one period to another

how could you collect data about basketball shorts that resembles alfred kroeber and jane richardson's analyses of women's skirts

they resumed from practical usually economic consideration

how in general does marvin harris a materials explain biblical dietary laws

reproductive success

how many surviving offspring an organism has

he studied the history of human society form simple to complex technology and social institutions

how would you describe Edward Taylor's evolutionary theory

homo sapien

humans

photo-language

hypothetical common ancestral language of two or more living languages

linguistic relativity

idea that people speaking different languages perceive or interpret the world differently

this way of teaching organizes people to promote shared cultural goals

if a functionalist were to explain why the teacher lectures from the front of the classroom to students organized in neatly arranged chairs sh or he would emphasize that

predominantly plant based

if you discovered an ancient homie with megadontia and a dental girding structure similar to paranthropus you might suggest that the idea of the hominin was

metaphor

implicit comparisons of words or things that emphasize similarities between them allowing people to make sense of complex social rations around them

key scenario

implies how people should act

african burial ground national monument

in 2003 in NY 4 coffins with remains of free and enslaved africans we're reburied after remains were found at construction sight and pressured to be excavated causing anger in African American community because loss of data

situational leraning

in an instructional approach developed by Jean Lave and Wenger in 1990 claims students are more incline to learn by actively participation in learning experiences

we can speak using a larynx

in evolutionary terms humans are distinctt form other primates with respect to their ability to use language because

reconnaissance phase of archeology

in this phase of archeology researches investigate whether such location is a viable site walking the area collection whatever scattered artifacts can be found on surface

any of the above

in which of the following locations would you likely find an anthropologist doing field world -factory -mental institution -NY neighborhood -amazon rain forest -any

postorbital contriction

indention of sides of cranium behind the eyes

historical particularism

individual sociétés develop patricial cultural traits and undergo unique process of change, culture traits diffuse from one culture to another

test pits

inorder to be certain that a particular area holds remise for paleoanthropological research what is fist used to evaluate the site

formal interview

interview has a clear goal for the interview and writes down or tape records the informants answers often used for survey data collection researcher decides what is important to ask

informal interview

interviewer has focus for the interview but may not have a clear goal of what info he or she wants interview may begin with certain questions but new questions might emerge notebook may or may not be present

Megadontia

large molar teeth

NAGPRA

law established ownership of human remains grade goods and important cultural objects as belonging to the Native Americans whose ancestors once owned them

Haplogroup

lineages that share haplotype

a pidgin language

linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as

arboreal

living in trees

terrestrial

living on the group

fired work

long term immersion in a community normally involving first hand research in a specific study community or research setting where people's behaviors can be observed and the research can have conversations or interviews with member of the community

customs

long-established norms that have a codified and lawlike aspect

canine/premoral shearing complex

lower 1st premolar tooth rubs against upper canine sharpening flattening

parole

made of socioling and saussure

Optical Stimulated Luminescence

measure the number of electron trapped in the crystalline structure of minerals like quartz after being buried in the earth for long periods of time because crystals absorb radioactive material in soil and when exposed to light the electrons are released and can be measured to estimate the date they were buried

potassium argon dating

measures decay of an i stop of potassium in argon

thermoluminescence dating

measures time elapsed since crystalline material was heated

residue analysis

microscopic analysis of the residues of plant and animal foods especially starches pottery or tools

homo erectus

missing link upright ape

pidgin language

mixed language with simplified grammar typically borrowing vocal from on language to another

multi regional evolutionary model

modern humans are only the most recent version of species homo sapient that have been in Africa Europe Asian for 2 mill year

primate

monkeys, apes, and humans

ethics and ethical approaches in anthropology

moral questions about right and wrong and standards of appropriate behavior

AIM

most prominent and one of earlier Native American activist group founded in 1968 fought for better treatment of Indian remains how'd lack of respect

tangible things that can be studied scientifically

native americans using CRM differ from non indian agencies in how they view heritage management because the latter also always see heritage resources as ___

people learn them when they are young

norms are stable because

post structuralism

not a single school of though but a set of theoretical positions that rejects the idea that there are underlying structures that explain culture. Embraces the ida txt cultural process are dynamic and that observer of a cultural process can ver see culture completely objectively

a prehensile tail

one import adaption found in new world monkeys i the presence of

productivity

one of main feature of human language ( displacement sound cultural productivity)

through the choice of sexual partner

one of the important ways that genetic material is moved between different populations such as through gene flow is

all of the above

one of the methods that archeologist can use to determine potentially useful areas to excavate involves the use of -aerial surveys -surface surveys -regional surveys -GIS systems -all of the above

meaning

one of the obvious challenges that a museum faces in the acquisition presentation and description of objects form otters cultures revolves around differences in ____

foramen magnum

opening in base of skull where spinal cord connects to brain

elaborating symbol

opposite of summarizing symbol the helps us out out complex feelings and relationship (cow in Sudan culture)

extra genetic inheritance

organisms transmit more than geese across generations/ the socially transmitted and epigenetic factor that can aid in the adaptive success of organism

social institutions

organized sets of sisal relationships that link individuals to each other in a structured way in a particle society

larynx

part in throat helps us speak

call system

patterned sounds or utterances that express meaning

uses wear

patterns of wear and tear on artifact that is presumed to be due to use

syntax

patters of world order use to form sentences

social learning

people learn form one another via observation intimidation and modeling

structuralism

people make sense of their worlds through binary oppositions like hot and cold culture nature male and female these binaries are expressed social institutions and cultural practices like kinship and myth language

evolutionary perspective

perspective based on evolution

paleoanthropology

physical anthropologists and archeology who study the fossilized remains of ancient primates an humans to understand their biological and behavioral evolution

developmental bias

physical development can influence the generation of variation (extended evolutionary theses) the idea that no all variations are random but a function of the developmental process organism undergo during their lives that tend to generate certain forms more readily than others

habitation sites

places where people lived at some time in the place

tradition

practices and customer that have become most ritualized and enduring

speciation

process by which new species arise

Benjamin Whorf

proved language relativity by studying people in India

world heritage site

provides financial support to maintain sites of importance to humanity

symbolic learning

reading your textbook is an example of what type of learning

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

recognizing most non european languages organize tense number additives color norms in different ways

more

refer to social norms that are widely observed and are considered to have greater moral significance than others social taboos

dreaming or dreamtime

refers to time that aboriginal people of central austrailia believed their ancestors created the natural features of their worlds as well as the plants and animals that inhabit it

Cultural Resource Management

research and planning aimed at identifying and interpreting and protecting sites and artifact of historic or prehistoric significance

action research

research in which the goal of a researches involvement in a community is to help make social change

repatriation

return of human remains or cultural artifacts to the communities of descendant of people whom they originally belonged

power dimension

reveals the relations of inequality reflected in and object especially why objects of non western people sit in ethnographic museum while few non wester people have museums to view western objects

alluvial soil

rich, fine grained soils deposited by rivers and streams

Oldwan tools

rocks modified to create sharp edges

platyrrhines

scientific name of new world monkey

altruism

seemingly selfless ct that have a net loss of energy to the actor but a net gain in energy to receiver

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

serial shaped molecule stands that contain the biological info for the cell

Nancy Munn

she focused on how men and women among aboriginal group understand meaning of symbols and graphic imagery interested in how ritual performances use art objects to depict dream time

Denisova Cave

showed human have some relationship to monkeys

homologous

similar due to shared ancestry

analogous behavior

similar in appearance or function not that same due to shared ancestry

homo habilis

skillful or handy genus found by Leakey in Tanzania had longer arms

analogous behaviors

social behavior patterns observed none species that look like behavior patterns in another but with do not arise form a shared ancestry are known as

trace fossils

soft tissue such as organs and skin that don't fossilize but sometimes leave impression or traces the sedimentary rock that forms around them

symbol

something as in an object idea image figure or character that represents something else

langue

sound system and grammar to examine speech

Australopithecus afarensis

southern ape where all hominids originated from human lineage come from

New World Monkeys

spider monkeys and woolly monkeys that are widely dispersed from Southern Mexico to Souther Argentina smaller prehensile tail and 3 molars

morphology

structure of words and word formations in language

ethnoscience

study of how people classify thing in the world usually by considering some ranges or set of meaning

Sociolinguistics

study of how socioculture context and norms shape language use and effects has on society

Stratigraphy

study of layers of soil or rock and how they were deposited

archeology

study of past cultures by excavating sites where people lived worked farmed or conducted some other activity

cultural relativism

studying another culture form its own point of view without imposting our own cultural values is known as

historical linguistics

studying language origin an change

values

symbolic expressions of intrinsically desirable principle or qualities

language

system communication consisting of sounds words and grammar

interview

systematic conversation between people

phonology

systematic pattern of sounds in language also known as language sound system

true

t/f the stereotype that tahition women were sexually promiscuous emerged almost overnight after the arrival of Captain Samuel Wallis in 1767 when Tahitian recognized that the Bristis had still that the crew would exchange for sexual favor

historical markers

tangible objects that present an image history

Biological Language Development in Hominins

the ability to make linguistic sound using mouth an larynx in an infinite variety of ways to produce equally diverse range of thought

opposability

the ability to touch the thumb to the tips of the other fingers on the same hand

hominnae

the african sub family of the family hominade which includes humans chimps and gorillas

dominant alleles

the alley that is expressed in a gene pair of unlike alleles

ethnocentrism

the assumption that ones own way of doing thinks is correct while dismissing other peoples practice or views as wrong or ignorant

kin selection

the behavioral favoring of your close genetic relative

closed

the communication systems of nonhuman species consist of a finite limited number of signals for finite specific meanings such systems are said to be

uses data from many different societies

the comparative method does what

adaption

the development of trait that plays a functional role in the ability of a life form to survive and reproduce

Hominine

the division (called a tribe) in the superfamily Hominoidea that includes humans and our recent ancestors

the uses of fire and cooking

the emergence of increased cultural capacity in H erectus can be seeing their changed diest tools and

archaic homo sapiens

the famous group of homies known as the neanderthals is included in which of the following gorups

Macaca

the genus of macaque monkeys widespread all over the world like humanas

phylogeny

the graphic representation that traces of the evolutionary relationship and identifies point when an evolutionary event or change occurred such as the creation of a new species

a great change of being

the greek philosopher aristotle proposed that all life was arranged in

colonialism

the historical practice of more powerful countries claiming possession of less powerful ones

cultural determinism

the idea that all human actions are the product of culture which denies the influence of other factors like physical environment and human biology on human behavior

Haplorrhini traits

the informer of primates including monkeys apes and humans

Strepsirrhini

the infrador primates including lemur galagoses

bicultural evolution

the interaction cultural capacity and biology to meet selection demands

headnotes

the mental notes an anthropologist makes w while in the field which may or may not end up in formal field notes journals

cultural relativism

the moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices

gene flow

the movement of genetic material within and between populations

material culture

the object made and used in any society traditionally the term referred to technology simple objects made in preindustiral societies but material culture my refer to a lathe objects or commodities of modern life as well

phenotype

the observable and measurable traits of an organ

salvage paradigm

the paradigm which held that is was important to observe indigenous ways of life interview elders and assemble collections of objects made and used by indigenous peoples

essentialism

the philosophical position that dictate that each organism has a true ideal form and that all living representative of that organism are sing and deviations from the ideal type

the relationship between the source of the object and its holder

the power dimension of an object reveals the underlying nature of

to maintain a species adaptation to its niche

the primary result of natural selection is

replication

the process by which DNA makes copies of itself

fossilization

the process by which hard tissues like bone and teeth slowly turn to stone as molecule by baleful of the hard tissues turn to rock keeping shape of the original bone

natural selection

the process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited for the environment

mitosis

the process of cell division and replication

meiosis

the process of gamett production

Enculturation

the process of learning the social rules and cultural logic of a society

natural selection

the process through which heritable rates become more or less common in a population related to the reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environments

australopithecines homo hablilis homo erectus homo sapien

the progression of ancestral forms leading to modern day humans the earliest being fist is with of the following sequences

dominance hierarchy

the rankings access to desired resources by different individuals relative to one another

diversity

the seer variety of ways of being human around the world

cranial capacity

the size of the braincase

scientific method

the standard methodology of science the begins from observable facts generates hypothesis form these facts and then tests these hypotheses

Paleothnobotany

the study of ancient plant remains ignorer to reconstruct a picture of prehistoric environment and human plant iterations

behavior ecology

the study of behavior form ecological and evolutionary perspectives

linguistic anthropology

the study of how people communicate with one another through language and how language use shapes groups of membership and identity

biological anthropology

the study of the biological and bicultural aspects of the human species past and present along with those of our closest relatives the non human primates

Paleoanthropology

the study of the history of human evolution through the fossil record

Ethnoprimatology

the study of the interface between human and are communites

archaeology

the subfield of anthology that studies the material remains of past culture is called

cultural anthropology

the subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity beliefs and practice is called

descriptive linguistics

the systematic patters of sounds in a language also known as the language sounds sysgtem

culture

the taken for granted notions rules moralities and behaviors within social groups

fokway

the traditional behavior or way of life of a particular community of people

Cultural Approriation

the unilateral decision of one sisal group to take control over the symbols practices or objects of another

alleles

the variants in the DNA sequences for a given gene

modern synthesis

the view of evolution that accepts the existence of four genetically based process of evolution (mutation, natural selection, gene glow, genetic drift)

extended evolutionary synthesis

the view of evolution that accepts the existence of not just genetically based but also non genetically based processes of evolution

symbolic learning

theory proposed to account for the effectiveness of imagery which suggests that the imagery helps to develop a mental blueprint by creating a moral program in the central of the nervous system

old world

these countries Europe asia and Africa made up ____

Lascaux Cave Paintings

these famous painting in france were painted by anatomically correct and mentally developed humans

historical archaeologist

these people excavate sites where where written historical documentation about the site already exists

Fijian objects of 19th century

these portrayed the three different perspective of wanting artifacts such as to show savagery among culture, science perspective, and promoting government control of island and people

The Dinka and Neur

these societies used elaborating symbols a cow to show social relation with community

Alfred Kroeber and Jane Richardson

these two people did a focus on skirt length to show its fluctuation that represent fashionable dire of women and that drastic change sells more clothes

Allen and Beatrix Gardern

these two people taught sign to chimpanzee

Laetoli footprints

these were found in Tanzania and evidence of Lucy

social lives of things

things have forms uses intertwined in complex ways with peoples lives

Physical Anthropology

this began integrating primatology and anthropology and evolutionary theory and is more concerned with anatomy

Tarahumara Indians

this group go people run barefoot or sandals long distance into old age

peppered moth

this illustrates natural selection/ dark colored moths were more visible to birds on light colored bark more often eaten until soot form factories during industrial revolution made tree bark darker

displacement

this is main feature of human language

new world

this is when the world had connection with americas and oceania

E.E. Evans-Pritchard

this man believed that anthropology should be grouped in humanities and history not science

Clyde Kluckhohn

this man established relationship between evolutionary theory and anthropology: neither biological or cultural aspects of humanity can be understood as a series of separate creations but a continue of small changes and cumulative relationships and selective pressure

De Saussure

this man founded parol and social linguistic

Renato Rosaldo

this man illustrates the POV that anthropology should not state what you feel or be biased but the facts also studied head hunting in Filipino society

socioling

this part of parole refers to accepting whatever form of language a community uses

Saussure

this part of peril refers to form of language you should study

Linnaeus

this person formalized similarities for science by classifying humans along with other apes and monkeys human with genus homo ad chimp and organatang controversial if humans evolve form apes

Lakoffs study of gendered speech

this person studied gendered speech and how women talk lady like using words like lovely and pretty use that marginalize women voice in context like courtroom

The people of Papua New Guinea Highlands

this place and people showed that coffee buyer and planter brought holistic approach and social consequence to their society by creating the idea of social stuff and big man political system

historical dimension of an objects

this shows understanding of local symbolic meaning and the history and culture and relationship between culture and societies

interpretive anthropology

thought that culture shared system of meaning people make sense of their worlds through use of symbols and symbolic actives like myth an ritual

grooming

touching another individual toroemove dirt usually a way for individuals to bond

hominini

tribe of humans

Francis Bacon and Issac Newton

two men who emphasized importance go gaining knowledge through the careful observation of nature sensory evidence and measurement

Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm

two people who realized early indo-european forms language (Greek and Latin) shifted to form Germanic lang of English German Danish an dNorweahen

hanging out

type of interview that happens in different ways and situation that is friendly and casual

summarizing symbol

type of symbol that sums up a variety of meaning and experience and links to a sign

norms

typical patters of actual behavior as well as the rules about how things should be done

casual convo

unrecognizable type of interview that is just a conversations with a few notes taken after

empirical

verifiable through observation rather than through logic or theory

establishing ownership

very controversial idea of who get ownership of artifacts

bipedalism

walking on hind legs (humans and monkeys)

interglacials

warm periods between ice ages usually referring to warm periods during the pleistocene

Idustrialization

what process involves shifting form an agricultural economy to a factory based one

dispersal

when children in the US reach a certain age they often move out of their parents home and into their own living space something anthologist refer to as

parole

when language speakers use slang or metaphor they are engaging in which concept suggestd by fresh linguist ferdand de assure

niche construction

when organisms play an active role in their evolution by reshaping the environment toast their own needs

binocular vision/steroscopic

where they eye face forwayr and are close together in primates together they create stereoscopic vision or 3 dimensional and depth perception vision helps locate food and predator in relation to themselves surrounded by bone and helps move in enviroment

dinosaur bones

which of the following is not studied by anthropologists -dinosaur bones -primates -human culture -forensics

strong clavical

which the following is not evidence of early honing bipedal in the fossil record -wide pelvis -foramen magnum -laetoil footprints -strong clavicle

increases speed against predators

which the following is not one of the key benefits of full time bipedalism

protein synthesis

who DNA assists in creation of molecules the make up organisms

americans

who are the narcerima

all of the above

who was the kennewick man -the name gerannlj given it skeletal rains of prehistoric paleoamerican man found on bank of columbia river in washington -the subject of controversial non year court case between the US army corp of engineers scientist and native american who claimed ownership -one of the most complete set of skeletal remains ever found

efyptians

why isn't the sky blue: which society was the earlier to have a term for the color blue in the written literature

red

why isnt the sky blue: according to the studies of Lazarus Geiger what color term appears first and most often in ancient literature

language ideology

widespread assumptions that people make about the relative sophistication and status of parts and dialects language

cognate words

words in 2 language show the same systematic sound shifts as other words in two languages usually interpreted by linguists as evidence for coming linguistic society

sign

words or objects stand form something else or another way to convey meaning (type of symbol)

Horatio Alger myth

young men of honest means could become rich and successful through honesty, hard work, and a little luck (key scenario)