Anthropology Exam 3

Castes in India provide a good example of:

caste endogamy.

Marrying outside a group is

exogamy.

A nuclear family includes all of the following except:

uncle.

Which statement about chiefdoms is not true?

Chiefdoms are rarely hereditary

Where are there very pronounced rates of female infanticide?

India.

Which statement about the "feminization of poverty" is false?

It has little relationship to gender segregation in the American workforce.

Which statement about violence against women in the U.S. is false?

Most rapes are committed by strangers

Which country has the highest Gender Empowerment Measure (greatest equality between men and women)?

Norway

Which of the following is not a reason kinship systems are important to every society?

They allow outsiders to identify individuals within a cultural and social setting.

Which statement about pan-tribal mechanisms is true?

They serve to integrate local tribal segments.

Which statement about the Chinese patrilineal family is false?

Women give their total allegiance to their husband's family.

Which statement about the Zuni (New Mexico) kinship system is true?

Zuni men are divided between serving the economic interests of their wives and the ceremonial needs of their sisters and mothers.

Bands and tribes are politically associated with each of the following except:

a high level of political integration.

In a patrilineal descent group, which of the following does not belong to the same group?

a man's wife

What is the traditional meaning of a "double workload"?

a situation in which married women work both in outside employment and also within the home

What is a "headless" society?

a society that has no political leader

The levirate is a marriage custom in which

a widow marries the brother or another close relative of her dead husband.

The sororate is a marriage custom in which

a widower is expected to marry the sister or another close relative of his dead wife.

Polyandry is

a woman having more than one husband at a time.

New reproductive technologies challenge:

all of these choices

While human sexuality varies widely from culture to culture

all societies regulate sexual conduct.

Societies in which parents can choose their children's kinship affiliation are classified as

ambilineal descent.

In societies where dead ancestors are considered fully functioning members of the descent group, an especially effective means of social control may be

ancestor worship.

Patrilineal descent groups

are the most common of the unilineal descent groups.

Individuals, except for siblings, have a unique kindred in a

bilateral descent system

In the US, the terms _______ and _______ often come to mind when questioning women's roles.

breadwinner/housewife

The redistributive mode of distribution is predominantly found in

chiefdoms.

Unilineal descent systems

comprise the majority of the world's kinship designations

According to Ernestine Friedl, women are subordinate to men because men

control the allocation of scarce resources.

Which of the following is not a function of the family?

creates profit with low-cost overhead for long-term reinvestment

Incest avoidance can have positive social advantages by forcing people to marry outside of their immediate family, thereby

creating relationships with people with whom they are likely to cooperate.

A pan-tribal mechanism is an organization:

cutting across and integrating local segments of the tribe into a larger whole.

The rules that a culture uses to establish affiliations with one's parents is called

descent.

The rules that a culture uses to establish affiliations with one's parents is called:

descent.

Social control in small-scale (acephalous) societies is maintained by all of the following except:

deviance.

Which form of marriage compensation is a transfer of goods from the bride's family to the groom's family?

dowry

marriage rule that requires a woman to marry within her ethnic group and religion is a rule of

endogamy.

Unilineal descent groups

endure over time and clearly define who is a member and who is not.

An "aunt" or "uncle" who has no biological or marital relationship is an example of

fictive kin.

Expected ways of behaving based on a society's definition of masculinity and femininity is called

gender roles.

Occupational segregation

has a long historical presence in the US

In all human societies, kinship is tied to the biological relationships created by human reproduction. However:

how different societies sort and categorize kinship relationships is as much a matter of culture as it is of biology.

Which of the following types of societies are most associated with gender egalitarianism?

hunting and gathering

Gender stratification is found

in all types of societies.

Most violence to women in the United States occurs

in her home.

Nuclear families are found in societies

in which there is a great amount of geographic mobility.

Pregnant women in developing countries face all of the following except:

increased likelihood to seek contraceptive devices.

Moots are

informal announcements of disputes involving kinsmen and friends of the litigants.

Female infanticide

is a way to show gender ideology towards male gender bias

In the United States, occupational segregation along gender lines

is aggravated by race

The preference for male children

is much more common than the rare preference for female children.

In Western societies, mate selection is largely a decision made

jointly by the prospective bride and groom.

A nation refers to a group of people who frequently share all of the following except:

kinship.

Bridewealth

legitimizes marriages and transfers rights over children to the father's family.

All of the following are criteria used to distinguish between different kin categories except:

level of formal education.

A kinship diagram of a son, father, grandfather, and great grandfather would include:

lineal relatives

Neolocal residence means

living in a place of one's own.

As a complex form of political organization, a state society

maintains the exclusive right to use force and physical coercion.

Gender ideology in most societies is used to justify

male dominance

The nuclear family is based on _____ ties and the extended family is based on _____ ties.

marital; blood

The post-marital residence pattern characterized by the couple living with or near the parents of the bride is called

matrilocal

Since all societies must maintain social order; they all have

mechanisms of social control.

As a general rule, most societies divide labor by gender so that

men engage in warfare, hunt large animals, and clear land.

Margaret Mead's study of three New Guinea societies determined that

men's and women's gender roles are not defined in the same ways in all societies.

In a matrilineal society, a boy's father figure is his:

mother's brother.

A social mechanism meant to publicly humiliate someone who has broken a social norm is called

negative sanction.

In U.S. society, the typical marital residence pattern is:

neolocal.

When someone must plunge his or her hand into boiling water to divine whether he or she is innocent or guilty, it is called a(n)

ordeal.

In societies with a double descent system, members are:

part of both a matrilineage and a patrilineage.

Traditional Chinese families are good examples of

patrilineal kinship

Which of the following tasks is not generally shared between males and females across cultures?

preparing food.

The incest taboo

prohibits sexual relations with certain categories of kin.

In matrilineal descent systems

property and political office pass from one man to another, but through a women.

In complex societies, what is the primary emphasis of legal systems?

punishment

Deviance

refers to the violation of social norms

Public opinion

results in informal social control in the form of social pressure.

The term used to define what a society considers an expected way of behavior is called

social norms.

Arranged marriages are found most often in what type of society?

societies in which there is elaborate social hierarchy

Among the Inuit of Canada, which of the following is practiced to settle disputes?

song duels

The prohibition against sexual relations with certain categories of kin is called:

the incest taboo.

Tribal societies are usually associated with all of the following except:

the least amount of political organization.

The term descent is used by anthropologists to refer to

the rules a culture uses to establish affiliations with one's parents.

Iranian women's abandonment and subsequent return to the veil and more traditional female roles illustrates that

the status of women in societies is not static.

Anthropologist Richard Lee attributes the low incidence of HIV/AIDS among the Ju/'hoansi to:

the traditional high status of Ju/'hoansi women

The text defines gender as

the way members of the two sexes are perceived, evaluated, and expected to behave.

A kinship diagram of a married couple, their children, and their children's children includes:

three generations; therefore three rows of kinship figures.

Bride service is practiced

to compensate the bride's family in a society where material goods are not accumulated.

The World Bank has found that financial credit given to women is good business because of all of the following except:

women do approximately one third of the work throughout the world.

Cross cousins are defined as the children of:

your mother's brother or father's sister.