Anthropology Final

The main difference between a migrant and a refugee is:

A refugee has a well-founded fear of staying in their habitual residence

Flinn's article 'Reflections of a Shy Ethnographer' illustrates that: + shyness can be an asset during fieldwork + all are true + linguistic diversity is present even among cultures with relatively few members + kinship patterns across cultures can be different

ALL ARE T R U E

Participatory Observation includes involving yourself in cultural activities such as: + childcare + traditional healing ceremonies + harvesting procedures + all are true

ALL ARE T R U E

Unbalanced exchange includes: + Market exchange + Human trafficking + All of the above + Gambling

ALL OF THE ABOVE

What mode of livelihood is based on more labor, use of fertilizers, control of water supply, intensive land management strategy, and has a higher population density?

Agriculture

According to lecture, the following are all elements of Buddhism in Northwest Nepal, except:

Attending weekly gatherings at a monastery

Which of the following is a common characteristic of the "Eskimo" kinship terminology system?

Different terms distinguish between parents and the parents' siblings.

According to the article on "Baseball Magic" that we read, most U.S. baseball players don't use magic to try to control the outcome of the game but most baseball players in Latin America do. True or Fasle?

F A L S E

Body modification (which includes piercings, scarification and tattoos) is NOT common among indigenous peoples around the world True or False?

F A L S E

These days, many more men then women migrate across international borders

False

World population grew faster with the introduction of agriculture (about 10,000 years ago) than at any other time in human history. True or False?

False

What mode of livelihood is based on gathering, collecting (not producing) small societies, seasonal nomadism, and is undisturbed by outside forces?

Foraging

In which country would you expect to find an explicitly "pro-natalist" agenda? + the United States--because of the economic imperatives of consumerism + France --because of its state-level policies + None are true + China--because of concerns about overpopulation

France --because of its state-level policies

What mode of livelihood is based on relying on gardens, harvesting, foraging, rain, (and hand tools), and have crops that yield to larger populations and permanent settlement?

Horticulture

What mode of livelihood is based on the production of goods through mass employment, the creation, mainipultaoin and transfer of information through electronic media?

Industrialism

The headman of a tribe has declared that certain cuts of meat should be reserved for himself and his family. A member of the tribe challenges this, and points out that meat, as well as other foods, have, according to tradition, always been shared equally among tribe members. The member of the tribe is seeking to bring about action on the basis of __________.

Influence

Leadership in bands is __________.

Informal

what are the three parts that mark up the Cultural Relativism Theory of Social Change?

Infrastructure, Structure, Superstructure

All of the following characteristics describe the caste system, except:

It is legally enforced but he government

Which of the following statements about the Minangkabau culture is accurate?

It is the world's largest matrilineal culture.

Define Ethnocentrism

Judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture rather than by the standards of that particular culture

What are the 5 modes of livelihood?

+ Foraging + Pastoralism + Horticulture + Agriculture + Industrialism/Digital Economy

Which of the following statements is true:

+ Most matrilineal societies are horticulturalists, the mode in which women often have significant responsibility. + Bilineal descent makes sense in foraging societies because it provides flexibility and reflects fluid social arrangements. + Unilineal descent makes sense in modes where there is a fixed resource base—horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture—because it provides stability. ALL ARE TRUE

The following is an example of a 'non-verbal' language:

+ SignLanguage + Silence + Gestures

A sociolinguist:

+ would argue that cultural norms impact language and its uses + would argue that one's language, in part, reflects one's social class and status within society

According to the reading, 'Global Women in the New Economy', which of the following factors is contributing to the rise of female migrant workers?

+In the developed world, more women than ever before are in the workforce, which increases the demand for childcare assistance +Lack of public health care in the developed world +The fact that men, in the developed world, did little to increase their contribution to the world of the home ALL ARE TRUE

Code switching:

+Indicates to the listener that the person speaking has numerous micro cultural affiliations +Involves changing vocabulary, but in the same language +Is often associated with elements of glottocentrism ALL ARE T R U E

In the article we read about "Body Art as Visual Language," it was suggested that "body art"

+Is used to proclaim independence/autonomy from cultural norms +Reveals how much of identity is culturally constructed +Is practiced in many different types of societies was practiced in the past as well as being practiced in the present ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT

Which of the following is not an example of a psychological need filled by religious belief and action.

+Religion gives us moral codes for living that help maintain good relations with our neighbors. +Religion provides a way of expressing unconscious desires, wishes, and thoughts +Religion has helped peoples throughout time both explain and deal with our inability to control natural disasters and environmental phenomena like eclipses, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. +Religion helps us understand the big questions in life: who am I, where did I come from, what will happen when I die. ALL ARE TRUE

Political control in state level societies may involve:

+coercion +standing armies +state-sanctioned violence ALL ARE T R U E

The film we watched in class, 'Between Two Worlds', illustrated that:

+the Hmong offered animals for healing and religious purposes +many Hmong immigrants had high-status jobs in their home country, though had to 'start over' when the arrived in the U.S. THESE ARE BOTH THE ANSWER

The United Nations has declared the "right of return" to be an inalienable human right. True of False?

T R U E

In our reading "How Dogs Dream...," the article concludes that:

The Runa include the dogs into both religious and shamanistic aspects of life

Which of the following is an example of a "pull" factor when considering the reasons that people migrate across international borders?

The fact that even low-paying jobs in the U.S. pay more than 10x the daily wage in Latin America

The difference between cross-cousins and parallel cousins is defined by what factor?

The gender of the ego's parent of whom the cousin's parent is a sibling.

Which of the following statements, regarding how households and kinship are changing in contemporary times, is false: + is involved in roughly 80% of the world's marriages + is decreasing in modern times + is a universal criterion for spouse selection cross-culturally + can exist even in polyandrous marriage systems

The increase in industrial/digital societies is resulting in fewer nuclear households.

When doing fieldwork, establishing rapport:

When doing fieldwork, establishing rapport:

Brideprice refers to __________

a gift to the bride's family from the groom's side

In medical anthropology, "illness" refers to:

a person's perceptions and experiences of certain socially devalued states

Social functions of religion include all but which of the following:

a way of distinguishing between social "insiders" and "outsiders"

Large extended households are most prevalent in the __________ mode of livelihood.

agriculture

Social ranking on the basis of caste is:

an ascribed system

All of the following are specific cultural anthropology methods, except: + analysis of Human DNA + participatory Field Methods + focus Groups +participatory Methodologies

analysis of human DNA

Anthropology is usually divided into four fields, but some people claim that a fifth field, known as ______ anthropology, should be included.

applied

The argument that cultures are integrated leads to the claim that a culture should:

be studied as a whole

The current anthropological definition of religion says that it is __________.

beliefs and behavior concerning supernatural beings and powers

According to your text: SEX is a ______ category while GENDER is a ____________ category. social/evolutionary biological/cultural cultural/biological emic/etic

biological/cultural

One reason why foragers typically have low rates of population growth is because __________.

breastfeeding occurs over frequent and long periods of time, thereby suppressing ovulation

Romantic love:

can exist even in polyandrous marriage systems

When migrants come to places to be near friends and relatives who have already migrated there, this is called,

chain migration

The idea that each culture must be understood in terms of its own values and beliefs and not by the standards of another is called,

cultural relativism

Research that is guided by a hypothesis is:

deductive

Cultures can create kinship via which of the following:

descent, sharing, and marriage

The construction of the Three Gorges Dam in China is associated with what migration pattern or concept?

development-induced displacement

Human language has the capacity to communicate messages that are about events in the past or future. This feature is called

displacement

If you were invited to attend a potlatch among the Kwakwaka'wakw Indians of the Pacific Northwest, you would probably __________.

eat a lot.

A research method for learning about culture that involves living in a culture for an extended period while gathering data is called:

ethnography

A typical emic approach might involve the study of: + census data + time allocation questionnaires + events that have meaning for members of a particular culture + material conditions and available resources

events that have meaning for members of a particular culture

Generalized reciprocity is a mode of exchange that is most typical of __________.

foragers

A confederacy is defined as ____________.

formal alliance of chiefdomes

The social distribution of the disease kuru in Papua New Guinea was based on which microcultural factor?

gender

A factor in high rates of wife abuse in rural Kentucky is __________.

geographical isolation

Compared to temperate-climate foragers, circumpolar foragers:

have a more sharply differentiated gender division of labor

Children have the most tasks in which mode of livelihood?

horticulture

Below-replacement-level fertility is characteristic of the __________ mode of livelihood.

industrial/digital economy

The cultural materialist perspective uses a three-level model of culture that includes:

infrastructure, structure, and superstructure

Pastoralism:

is a mode of livelihood based on domesticated animal herds and the use of their products, such as meat and milk

Three heterosexual couples are being married. Both the bride and groom of couple A are well-educated. The groom of couple B is from a much wealthier family than the bride. The bride of couple C is much taller than the groom. Which of the following sequences of terms is correctly applied to the three couples?

isogamy (couple A), hypergyny (couple B), hypogyny (couple C)

A cultural relativist would view contemporary Nacirema culture as:

just as interesting and worthy of study as any other

The research tool showing the relatives known by an individual or "ego" is a __________.

kinship diagram

Typically, circular migrants are also _______________.

labor migrants

Bilineal descent systems are __________.

less common than unilineal descent systems

Which of the following is one of the trends that has increased as smaller political organizations have given way to the state?

less reliance on kinship relations as a basis of political structures

The system of descent in which kinship is traced through the female line is called __________.

matrilineal

Compared with family farming, corporate farming is:

more geared to production for sale

Magic is __________.

most likely to be practiced in situations of uncertainty

The people depicted in the video we watched (N!ai: Story of a !Kung Woman) and in Gordon's article on "...Anthropological Tourism in Bushmanland" + an use long rifles, but not machine guns to hunt big game + are all better off because of tourism + own their own tourist companies + none of the other answers are true

none of these are true

In the film 'Strange Relations', the first segment in North Africa tells a 'love marriage' story from a culture that practices which type of kinship:

patrilineal polygyny

Compared to a family, a household may include __________.

people who are not related by kinship

An individual with a health issue visits a traditional healer and reports an improved condition even though the visit did not include any explicit treatment. What term best applies to this scenario? + placebo effect + culture-specific syndrome + etiology + somatization

placebo effect

In cultural anthropology, Band, Tribe, Chiefdom, and State are terms used to describe

political organization

The term "medical pluralism" refers to the __________.

presence of multiple health systems in a society

According to the code of ethics of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), the anthropologist's first responsibility is to:

protect the people studied from harm related to the research

Carnival is an example of a __________.

ritual of inversion

The Six Cultures study (discussed in your text and also in lecture) suggested that children in horticultural societies tend to be more __________________ than children in agricultural and industrial societies.

self-sacrificing

An example of the interpretivist approach in medical anthropology is __________.

showing how a song sung by a shaman might help a woman through a difficult birth

Culture is NOT, + static + integrated + based on symbols + learned

static

In the second stage of the Demographic Transition, birth rates _____, while death rates _____. + stay the same/increase + stay the same/fall drastically + increase/decrease + decrees/increase

stay the same/fall drastically

The ecological/epidemiological approach in medical anthropology involves __________.

study of how the natural environment interacts with culture to cause disease

Neolocal residence for married couples is associated with __________.

the foraging mode of livelihood

Brideservice involves __________.

the groom working for the bride's family

One thing about which most cultural anthropologists agree is:

the importance of doing fieldwork

Cultural anthropologists link the modes of reproduction to ______.

the modes of livelihood

According to the "lifeboat mentality," __________.

the number of people in a group should not be increased because it will reduce resources available to those already in the group

Polyandry, as it is depicted in Goldstein's article and in the film 'Strange Relations', involves:

the potential for emotional hardship for all of those involved

Ethnomedicine refers to ___________.

the study of cross-cultural health systems

The Hawthorne effect refers to:

the tendency for respondents to change their behavior to correspond with the researcher's interests

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis refers to the idea that

the way people use language effects the way they think

A common feature of people who take on "third gender roles" among Native American cultures is:

their general acceptance by society

An anthropologist is studying a village and finds that most of the working-age women are forced, by economic necessity, to leave the village for six months of the year to work manufacturing jobs in a city in an adjoining country. What category of migrant correctly applies to these women?

transnational migrant

The film 'American Tongues':

urges the viewer to think about whether he/she judges a person based on their dialect

A person's class position is:

usually measured in terms of income level

In a patrilineal kinship system, a married couple is most likely to reside __________.

with or near the parents of the groom

What mode of livelihood is based on products of domesticated animal herds, the sustainability of their pastures they live on, their products, and trading with other groups for other food?

Pastoralism

Which of the following 'social groups' would not be classified as being in your 'secondary social group'?

People you regularly meet for social gatherings

_________ is the term for the ability to use force in order to bring about results.

Power

Which of the following is an ascribed status:

Queen of England

Cross-culturally, women's speech and language patterns:

Reflects a woman's position in society

What is Linguistic Anthropology

Study of communication, mainly (but not exclusively) among humans