Anthropology Final
The main difference between a migrant and a refugee is:
A refugee has a well-founded fear of staying in their habitual residence
Flinn's article 'Reflections of a Shy Ethnographer' illustrates that: + shyness can be an asset during fieldwork + all are true + linguistic diversity is present even among cultures with relatively few members + kinship patterns across cultures can be different
ALL ARE T R U E
Participatory Observation includes involving yourself in cultural activities such as: + childcare + traditional healing ceremonies + harvesting procedures + all are true
ALL ARE T R U E
Unbalanced exchange includes: + Market exchange + Human trafficking + All of the above + Gambling
ALL OF THE ABOVE
What mode of livelihood is based on more labor, use of fertilizers, control of water supply, intensive land management strategy, and has a higher population density?
Agriculture
According to lecture, the following are all elements of Buddhism in Northwest Nepal, except:
Attending weekly gatherings at a monastery
Which of the following is a common characteristic of the "Eskimo" kinship terminology system?
Different terms distinguish between parents and the parents' siblings.
According to the article on "Baseball Magic" that we read, most U.S. baseball players don't use magic to try to control the outcome of the game but most baseball players in Latin America do. True or Fasle?
F A L S E
Body modification (which includes piercings, scarification and tattoos) is NOT common among indigenous peoples around the world True or False?
F A L S E
These days, many more men then women migrate across international borders
False
World population grew faster with the introduction of agriculture (about 10,000 years ago) than at any other time in human history. True or False?
False
What mode of livelihood is based on gathering, collecting (not producing) small societies, seasonal nomadism, and is undisturbed by outside forces?
Foraging
In which country would you expect to find an explicitly "pro-natalist" agenda? + the United States--because of the economic imperatives of consumerism + France --because of its state-level policies + None are true + China--because of concerns about overpopulation
France --because of its state-level policies
What mode of livelihood is based on relying on gardens, harvesting, foraging, rain, (and hand tools), and have crops that yield to larger populations and permanent settlement?
Horticulture
What mode of livelihood is based on the production of goods through mass employment, the creation, mainipultaoin and transfer of information through electronic media?
Industrialism
The headman of a tribe has declared that certain cuts of meat should be reserved for himself and his family. A member of the tribe challenges this, and points out that meat, as well as other foods, have, according to tradition, always been shared equally among tribe members. The member of the tribe is seeking to bring about action on the basis of __________.
Influence
Leadership in bands is __________.
Informal
what are the three parts that mark up the Cultural Relativism Theory of Social Change?
Infrastructure, Structure, Superstructure
All of the following characteristics describe the caste system, except:
It is legally enforced but he government
Which of the following statements about the Minangkabau culture is accurate?
It is the world's largest matrilineal culture.
Define Ethnocentrism
Judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture rather than by the standards of that particular culture
What are the 5 modes of livelihood?
+ Foraging + Pastoralism + Horticulture + Agriculture + Industrialism/Digital Economy
Which of the following statements is true:
+ Most matrilineal societies are horticulturalists, the mode in which women often have significant responsibility. + Bilineal descent makes sense in foraging societies because it provides flexibility and reflects fluid social arrangements. + Unilineal descent makes sense in modes where there is a fixed resource base—horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture—because it provides stability. ALL ARE TRUE
The following is an example of a 'non-verbal' language:
+ SignLanguage + Silence + Gestures
A sociolinguist:
+ would argue that cultural norms impact language and its uses + would argue that one's language, in part, reflects one's social class and status within society
According to the reading, 'Global Women in the New Economy', which of the following factors is contributing to the rise of female migrant workers?
+In the developed world, more women than ever before are in the workforce, which increases the demand for childcare assistance +Lack of public health care in the developed world +The fact that men, in the developed world, did little to increase their contribution to the world of the home ALL ARE TRUE
Code switching:
+Indicates to the listener that the person speaking has numerous micro cultural affiliations +Involves changing vocabulary, but in the same language +Is often associated with elements of glottocentrism ALL ARE T R U E
In the article we read about "Body Art as Visual Language," it was suggested that "body art"
+Is used to proclaim independence/autonomy from cultural norms +Reveals how much of identity is culturally constructed +Is practiced in many different types of societies was practiced in the past as well as being practiced in the present ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT
Which of the following is not an example of a psychological need filled by religious belief and action.
+Religion gives us moral codes for living that help maintain good relations with our neighbors. +Religion provides a way of expressing unconscious desires, wishes, and thoughts +Religion has helped peoples throughout time both explain and deal with our inability to control natural disasters and environmental phenomena like eclipses, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. +Religion helps us understand the big questions in life: who am I, where did I come from, what will happen when I die. ALL ARE TRUE
Political control in state level societies may involve:
+coercion +standing armies +state-sanctioned violence ALL ARE T R U E
The film we watched in class, 'Between Two Worlds', illustrated that:
+the Hmong offered animals for healing and religious purposes +many Hmong immigrants had high-status jobs in their home country, though had to 'start over' when the arrived in the U.S. THESE ARE BOTH THE ANSWER
The United Nations has declared the "right of return" to be an inalienable human right. True of False?
T R U E
In our reading "How Dogs Dream...," the article concludes that:
The Runa include the dogs into both religious and shamanistic aspects of life
Which of the following is an example of a "pull" factor when considering the reasons that people migrate across international borders?
The fact that even low-paying jobs in the U.S. pay more than 10x the daily wage in Latin America
The difference between cross-cousins and parallel cousins is defined by what factor?
The gender of the ego's parent of whom the cousin's parent is a sibling.
Which of the following statements, regarding how households and kinship are changing in contemporary times, is false: + is involved in roughly 80% of the world's marriages + is decreasing in modern times + is a universal criterion for spouse selection cross-culturally + can exist even in polyandrous marriage systems
The increase in industrial/digital societies is resulting in fewer nuclear households.
When doing fieldwork, establishing rapport:
When doing fieldwork, establishing rapport:
Brideprice refers to __________
a gift to the bride's family from the groom's side
In medical anthropology, "illness" refers to:
a person's perceptions and experiences of certain socially devalued states
Social functions of religion include all but which of the following:
a way of distinguishing between social "insiders" and "outsiders"
Large extended households are most prevalent in the __________ mode of livelihood.
agriculture
Social ranking on the basis of caste is:
an ascribed system
All of the following are specific cultural anthropology methods, except: + analysis of Human DNA + participatory Field Methods + focus Groups +participatory Methodologies
analysis of human DNA
Anthropology is usually divided into four fields, but some people claim that a fifth field, known as ______ anthropology, should be included.
applied
The argument that cultures are integrated leads to the claim that a culture should:
be studied as a whole
The current anthropological definition of religion says that it is __________.
beliefs and behavior concerning supernatural beings and powers
According to your text: SEX is a ______ category while GENDER is a ____________ category. social/evolutionary biological/cultural cultural/biological emic/etic
biological/cultural
One reason why foragers typically have low rates of population growth is because __________.
breastfeeding occurs over frequent and long periods of time, thereby suppressing ovulation
Romantic love:
can exist even in polyandrous marriage systems
When migrants come to places to be near friends and relatives who have already migrated there, this is called,
chain migration
The idea that each culture must be understood in terms of its own values and beliefs and not by the standards of another is called,
cultural relativism
Research that is guided by a hypothesis is:
deductive
Cultures can create kinship via which of the following:
descent, sharing, and marriage
The construction of the Three Gorges Dam in China is associated with what migration pattern or concept?
development-induced displacement
Human language has the capacity to communicate messages that are about events in the past or future. This feature is called
displacement
If you were invited to attend a potlatch among the Kwakwaka'wakw Indians of the Pacific Northwest, you would probably __________.
eat a lot.
A research method for learning about culture that involves living in a culture for an extended period while gathering data is called:
ethnography
A typical emic approach might involve the study of: + census data + time allocation questionnaires + events that have meaning for members of a particular culture + material conditions and available resources
events that have meaning for members of a particular culture
Generalized reciprocity is a mode of exchange that is most typical of __________.
foragers
A confederacy is defined as ____________.
formal alliance of chiefdomes
The social distribution of the disease kuru in Papua New Guinea was based on which microcultural factor?
gender
A factor in high rates of wife abuse in rural Kentucky is __________.
geographical isolation
Compared to temperate-climate foragers, circumpolar foragers:
have a more sharply differentiated gender division of labor
Children have the most tasks in which mode of livelihood?
horticulture
Below-replacement-level fertility is characteristic of the __________ mode of livelihood.
industrial/digital economy
The cultural materialist perspective uses a three-level model of culture that includes:
infrastructure, structure, and superstructure
Pastoralism:
is a mode of livelihood based on domesticated animal herds and the use of their products, such as meat and milk
Three heterosexual couples are being married. Both the bride and groom of couple A are well-educated. The groom of couple B is from a much wealthier family than the bride. The bride of couple C is much taller than the groom. Which of the following sequences of terms is correctly applied to the three couples?
isogamy (couple A), hypergyny (couple B), hypogyny (couple C)
A cultural relativist would view contemporary Nacirema culture as:
just as interesting and worthy of study as any other
The research tool showing the relatives known by an individual or "ego" is a __________.
kinship diagram
Typically, circular migrants are also _______________.
labor migrants
Bilineal descent systems are __________.
less common than unilineal descent systems
Which of the following is one of the trends that has increased as smaller political organizations have given way to the state?
less reliance on kinship relations as a basis of political structures
The system of descent in which kinship is traced through the female line is called __________.
matrilineal
Compared with family farming, corporate farming is:
more geared to production for sale
Magic is __________.
most likely to be practiced in situations of uncertainty
The people depicted in the video we watched (N!ai: Story of a !Kung Woman) and in Gordon's article on "...Anthropological Tourism in Bushmanland" + an use long rifles, but not machine guns to hunt big game + are all better off because of tourism + own their own tourist companies + none of the other answers are true
none of these are true
In the film 'Strange Relations', the first segment in North Africa tells a 'love marriage' story from a culture that practices which type of kinship:
patrilineal polygyny
Compared to a family, a household may include __________.
people who are not related by kinship
An individual with a health issue visits a traditional healer and reports an improved condition even though the visit did not include any explicit treatment. What term best applies to this scenario? + placebo effect + culture-specific syndrome + etiology + somatization
placebo effect
In cultural anthropology, Band, Tribe, Chiefdom, and State are terms used to describe
political organization
The term "medical pluralism" refers to the __________.
presence of multiple health systems in a society
According to the code of ethics of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), the anthropologist's first responsibility is to:
protect the people studied from harm related to the research
Carnival is an example of a __________.
ritual of inversion
The Six Cultures study (discussed in your text and also in lecture) suggested that children in horticultural societies tend to be more __________________ than children in agricultural and industrial societies.
self-sacrificing
An example of the interpretivist approach in medical anthropology is __________.
showing how a song sung by a shaman might help a woman through a difficult birth
Culture is NOT, + static + integrated + based on symbols + learned
static
In the second stage of the Demographic Transition, birth rates _____, while death rates _____. + stay the same/increase + stay the same/fall drastically + increase/decrease + decrees/increase
stay the same/fall drastically
The ecological/epidemiological approach in medical anthropology involves __________.
study of how the natural environment interacts with culture to cause disease
Neolocal residence for married couples is associated with __________.
the foraging mode of livelihood
Brideservice involves __________.
the groom working for the bride's family
One thing about which most cultural anthropologists agree is:
the importance of doing fieldwork
Cultural anthropologists link the modes of reproduction to ______.
the modes of livelihood
According to the "lifeboat mentality," __________.
the number of people in a group should not be increased because it will reduce resources available to those already in the group
Polyandry, as it is depicted in Goldstein's article and in the film 'Strange Relations', involves:
the potential for emotional hardship for all of those involved
Ethnomedicine refers to ___________.
the study of cross-cultural health systems
The Hawthorne effect refers to:
the tendency for respondents to change their behavior to correspond with the researcher's interests
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis refers to the idea that
the way people use language effects the way they think
A common feature of people who take on "third gender roles" among Native American cultures is:
their general acceptance by society
An anthropologist is studying a village and finds that most of the working-age women are forced, by economic necessity, to leave the village for six months of the year to work manufacturing jobs in a city in an adjoining country. What category of migrant correctly applies to these women?
transnational migrant
The film 'American Tongues':
urges the viewer to think about whether he/she judges a person based on their dialect
A person's class position is:
usually measured in terms of income level
In a patrilineal kinship system, a married couple is most likely to reside __________.
with or near the parents of the groom
What mode of livelihood is based on products of domesticated animal herds, the sustainability of their pastures they live on, their products, and trading with other groups for other food?
Pastoralism
Which of the following 'social groups' would not be classified as being in your 'secondary social group'?
People you regularly meet for social gatherings
_________ is the term for the ability to use force in order to bring about results.
Power
Which of the following is an ascribed status:
Queen of England
Cross-culturally, women's speech and language patterns:
Reflects a woman's position in society
What is Linguistic Anthropology
Study of communication, mainly (but not exclusively) among humans