Anthropology Final

Priest (or priestess)

A full-time religious specialist formerly recognized for his or her role in guiding the religious practices of others is called a(n):

Kinship

A network of relatives within which individuals possess certain mutual rights and obligations is called ________

Symbol

A sound, emblem, or other sign that is arbitrarily linked to something else and represent it on a meaningful way is called a(n) ___________.

SCENARIO: You live in North Carolina but have to fly to California tomorrow to attend an academic conference. Considering the short notice and the change in altitude between NC and CA, you want to do your best to avoid jet lag so you follow the recommended steps to acclimate your body. What does is mean to acclimate your body?

Acclimatization is a long-term physiological adjustment in response to specific environmental stimuli.

All of the statements about the naming ceremony are true EXCEPT ________

All cultures have some sort of ceremony to mark the naming of a child.

How does the definition of race differ from biology to anthropology?

Anthropologists see race as a cultural category, while biologists use this term to indicate species variation.

As you read this week, which of the following best describes the hypodescent rule?

Assigning an individual with mixed ethnicity to the minority group.

At what point in the process of growth and development are human beings subject to distinction by environmental differences?

At conception

Which of the following is NOT one of the branches of anthropology?

Biology

SCENARIO: An individual is seeking to remove the epicanthic fold in order to Occidentalize. They are seeking to do all of the following EXCEPT:

Change their genotype.

Code-switching

Changing from one mode of speech to another as the situation demands, whether from one language to another or from one dialect of a language to another, is called:

Instead of using race as a characteristic in understanding human variation, anthropologists prefer to use ____________

Clines

Select a statement that is FALSE according to this week's materials.

Culture can exist without society

Based on what you read this week about social identity, which of the following statements is NOT correct?

Culture is biologically inherited.

Enculturation

Culture is passed from one generation to another generation by a process called _______

As you read this week, spirituality and religion both involve rituals. These include rites of passage and rites of purification. Which of the following is NOT an example of a ritual?

Eating 3 meals (Breakfast, Lunch, dinner) each day

Chapter 12 concludes all of the following EXCEPT ________

For planetary survival humans must reduce the number of cities around the world.

Individuals in a society vary on how they use language based on all of the following factors EXCEPT:

Height

An archaeologist studies material remains and environmental data to understand ________

Human culture

Culture

Humans' major mode of adaptation (which enables them to live effectively in diverse environments) is ______

Which of the following is NOT a trait that you can inherit from your immediate ancestors?

Intellectual ability

Based on your textbook and week 2 PowerPoint, the primary purpose of applied anthropology is ______

It allows the use of anthropological knowledge to solve practical problems.

An anthropologist who studies human languages would fall under which of the following branches of Anthropology?

Linguistic anthropology

Forensic anthropologists can determine a lot of information from human skeletal remains. Which one of the following is NOT a piece of information that a forensic anthropologist can determine from studying a human skeleton?

Marital status

SCENARIO: You are a person who rarely does exercise, has always been able to eat a LOT of food, but does not gain excess weight. This is possible because your body burns energy at a higher rate, which means that you have a higher ______

Metabolic rate.

What are honor killings?

Murder condoned by the genealogical group in order to retaliate for shame of unapproved sexual activity

As you read in your textbook, the Garbage Project in Tucson demonstrated that what people say and what they do can differ dramatically. For instance, investigators found that _______

People lie about their alcohol consumption because the amount of beer consumed (based on the number of empty cans in the trash) was higher than people claimed.

SCENARIO: DR. Child's is 5'10" tall and has a dark skin complexion. Based on this week's readings, this means that her ______ includes a _______ genetic expression that explains her height and skin color.

Phenotype; Dominant

Polygenetic inheritance

Physical traits such as height, skin color, or liability to disease are controlled by multiple genes. This is called:

Medical anthropologists argue that on one of the major determinants of sickness is/are _______

Poverty

SCENARIO: Laura and Hasim raised their children to be actively-involved in their religious tradition. One of the children (Maria) grew up, moved out of the house, and decided to adopt a non-religious worldview. The process that Maria went through is called _______

Secularization

How does your textbook explain "Ethnic Plastic Surgery"?

Seeking surgery to change one's phenotypic traits so that they look more like the majority culture.

Which of the following statements about the relationship between sex and gender is incorrect?

Sex is the same as gender.

SCENARIO: Laura was born and raised in a rural area of Jamaica but she moved to Brooklyn recently. Although Laura lives in a welcoming neighborhood with many Jamaicans and other West Indians, she is frustrated because it is taking her longer than she expected to adjust to her surroundings and learn how to get around Brooklyn. Laura's adjustment is because she was raised in a tropical environment (where people learn to orient themselves through vertical landscape of tall trees and speckled light). So Laura's social identity is based on _______ orientation.

Spatial

Cultural Adaptation

The ability to build homes and make clothing to insulate us against cold environments:

Personality

The distinctive way a person thinks, feels, and behaves.

Kinesics

The method for notating and analyzing body language is called:

Social Structure

The rule-governed relationships that hold a society together, with all their rights, duties, and obligations, are known as its:

Symbols

The sounds and gestures of language are classified as:

The Amish may be used as en example of subcultural variation because:

They maintain a distinctive way of life that emphasizes agrarian living and loyalty to fellow Amish rather than to the state.

Why did the U.S. government begin genetic testing among Africans seeking asylum in the country in 2008?

They tested those individuals seeking asylum on the basis on family reunification in order to guarantee they were genetically related.

According to your textbook, having a holistic perspective means ______

To seek interconnections and relatedness between various parts of human culture and biology.

SCENARIO: You are a member of a clan. As you read this week, clans may have members living in many different villages. Which of the following answers would help members of your clan promote solidarity and maintain symbolic identification amongst one another?

Totems

Proxemics

What do we call the cross-cultural study of human perception and use of space?

Considering the rules of religion that you read about this week, which of the following examples does NOT fall under those rules?

What name you give to your baby.

Unilineal

When kinship membership is traced either through males or through females but not both, anthropologists call this _______

Ethnocentric

When someone believes that their own culture is superior to other cultures, they are ______

Polygenetic Inheritance

When two or more genes contribute to the phenotypic expression of a single characteristic

Normative orientation

Which orientation includes standards that indicate what ranges of behavior are acceptable for males and females in a particular society.

Under AAA ethical guidelines, which of the following is NOT a consideration that an ethical anthropologist has to make?

Will my research make money for the people I studied?

SCENARIO: Consider your biological relatives. Amongst that kinship group, you belong a patrilineal descent group. Which of the following people also belong to your patrilineal descent group?

Your fathers sister

Myth

a sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence- where we and everything in our world came from, why we are here, and where we are going

People share the same culture if they ______

are able to interpret and predict each other's actions.

As explained in your textboook this week, the fact that children adopted into privileged families can boost their IQ's by 20 points is evidence that _________

environment has an enormous effect on intelligence.

Anthropology is the study of ________

humankind everywhere, throughout time.

Culture is an integrated and interrelated whole. This means that __________

if you alter one aspect of a culture, you can drastically affect (and possibly even endanger) the functioning of the whole.

Technology has allowed people to trace their ancestry by submitting their genetic material to companies for analysis. Based on this week's material, all of the following statements are challenges associated with using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to trace ancestry except _________

mtDNA is extremely significant in understanding one's ancestry.

Adaptation depends upon _____

multiple interacting genes.

Based on what you read this week in your textbook, the problems with the kinds of definitions of racial groups devised by Carolus Linnaeus is that, besides being ethnocentric _________

they confuse biological traits with cultural characteristics.