Anthropology Final Exam

The 4 functions of Marriage

- transforms the status of the man and woman - stipulates the degree and sexual access - establishes the legitimacy of the children born to the wife - creates relationships between the kin of the wife and the kin of the husband

a relationship between two people that is socially recognized and which confers birth-status rights on children is called

a family

Bridewealth

a man and his relatives transfer wealth to relatives of the bride

A public matter marriage is

a marriage that concerns a broad range of relatives who must consent to, or often arrange the marriage

In her article on the Chinese uterine family, Wolf asserts that within her husband's family

a woman receives most support from her parents and siblings

according to Geertz (Life without Fathers or Husbands), the Na live in families made up of

a woman, her brothers, her children, and other members of the matriline

A private matter marriage is

between a man and a woman

Iroquois system

bifurcate meaning; all father's brothers are fathers, all mother's sisters are mothers

In Lakota, Winyan means to be a

biological female, female obligations

In Lakota, Wicasha means to be a

biological male, male obligations

In Lakota, Winkte means to be a

biological male, most female obligations, non-sexual individual

bilateral descent

both male and female lines

according to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India", the term patrilineage refers to

closely related men who are all descended from a known ancestor

Neolocal

couples live on their own

Avunculocal

couples live with or near husband's uncle

Patrilocal

couples live with or near the husband's parents

Matrilocal

couples live with or near the wife's parents

unilineal descent

descent through either mother's side or father's side

Some sexual taboos are

during menstruation, during pregnancy, for a period after childbirth, post-partum sex taboo, before various activities, hunting, planting

Trobriand Islanders ______________ premarital sex

encourage

When it is preferred that a woman marry a man from her own village, we call the arrangement

endogamy

Siwan of North Africa expect all males to

engage in homosexuality

uterine family

example: Taiwan- mother and her children

According to Scheper-Hughes, doctors in the Brazilian town of Bom Jesus de Mata often

fail to recognize malnutrition as the primary cause of illness among poor babies

family of orientation

family in which one is born into and grows up in

Tepoztlan Indians of Mexico ________________ premarital sex

forbid

family of procreation

formed when one marries and has children

How do we determine kinship?

generation, sex, affinity, collaterality, bifurcation, relative age, sex of linking relative

extended family

grandparents, parents and their children; three generations

Etoro of New Guinea prefer

homosexuality and regulate heterosexuality

Around the world it is more important

how you act than who you are

fictive kinship

incorporating unrelated people into a family and household, feeling toward them in the same way as consanguineous

Marriage is a relationship based on

mating

Crow System

matrilineal descent- relatedness through the women

according to Scheper-Hughes, four of the following statements are true about how death of poor babies is treated in Alto do Cruzeiro and Bom Jeses de Mata, Brazil. Which one is NOT?

midwives encourage mothers of dead babies to grieve

Chencu of India believe a child conceived at night

might be born blind

according to Geertz (Life without Fathers or Husbands), Na women

never married and take lovers during the years when they are sexually mature

the custom of polyandry may end among Tibetans living in Nepal because

of government opposition and new economic opportunities

polygyny

one man with multiple wives

monogamy

one spouse

serial monogamy

one spouse at a time (marry-divorce-marry-divorce)

Polyandry

one woman with multiple husbands

nuclear family

parents and their children; two generations

The Chinese depicted by Margery Wolf in the article about uterine families would best be classified as

patrilineal

Descent from a common ancestor through males only is called

patrilineal descent

Omaha System

patrilineal system- relatedness through the men

Consanguines

people related by birth

affines

people related by marriage

kin group

people who view themselves as relatives, share an identity based on their kin ties and cooperate in certain kinds of activites

polygamy

plural spouses

according to Goldstein (Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife), Tibetan polyandry functions above all to

preserve the pariline

fertility maintenance

prolonged physical exercise can depress female fertility, so most strenuous tasks are done by males

according to Goldstein, Tibetan polyandry

requires a group of brothers to marry one woman.

group marriage

several men and women are married simultaneously to one another

kinship

social relationships that are prototypically derived from the universal human experiences of mating, birth, and nurturance

According to Scheper-Hughes in her article, "Mother's Love: Death without Weeping," poor Brazilian mothers living in a shanty town near the town of Bom Jesus de Mata

stay emotionally detached from their babies, particularly those they feel are likely to die

Eskimo system (Lewis Henry Morgan)

system used in America; this system is the only terminological system that sets the nuclear family apart from all other kin

dowry

the family of a woman transfers wealth or property to their daughter and her husband

brideservice

the husband spends a period of time working for the family of his bride

sororal polygyny

the marriage of a man to two or more sisters at the same time

arranged marriage

the process by which senior members of a family choose spouses for the children of the family

according to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India," which is the most important structural tension associated with marriage in Bhil society?

the shifting of a woman's loyalty, labor, and reproductive potential from her family to her husband's family

Duolocal

they still live at home

exogamy

to marry outside a defined group

endogamy

to marry within a defined group

Kaguru of Tanzania have older/younger

women mentorships

childcare

women tend to perform tasks that can be combined efficiently with child care

physical strength

work tasks requiring greater strength are performed by males

Ambilocal

Post marital residence is optional between either the wife's or the husband's kin