Anthropology Test 1

Ethnocentrism

-presents a major problem for anthropology -means you think your culture is superior to others -is a common feature of culture

When did anthropology emerge as an academic discipline?

1900's

The Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed that all life was arranged in

A great chain of being

The subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures, often focusing on the rise of cities, is called

Archaeology

The subfield of anthropology that studies human evolution, including human genetics and human nutrition, is called

Biological anthropology

A taxonomic structure is one that

Both names and classifies all organisms according to a system

Who was responsible of the theory of functionalism?

Bronislaw Malinowski

One of the central ideas of Darwin's theory of evolution was the idea that

Change is organisms was related to their adaptability to a particular environment

The thinker who developed evolutionary theory in the 19th century was

Charles Darwin

The subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practice is called

Cultural anthropology

The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is known as

Cultural relativism

The idea of biological evolution was first proposed by

Darwin in the mid 1800's

Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best is called

Ethnocentrism

The experience of feeling that the way culture does thinks is the right way and any different way of doing things is wrong is called

Ethnocentrism

The American anthropologist responsible for the concept of historical particularism was named

Franz Boas

The theory that posts that culture practices and beliefs serve purposes for society is called

Functionalism

One of the more important ways that anthropology contributes to the development of evolutionary theory is that

It challenges the biological reductionism of much evolutionary theory

Why was the discovery of penicillin in 1928 useful in our understanding of evolution?

It proved that disease could be stopped through evolutionary means

The subfield of anthropology that studies language use is called

Linguistic anthropology

A ______ charts the evolutionary history of a particular taxonomic branch and yields information about its ancestry.

Phenogram

The idea that cultures pass through stages from primitive to complex is known as

Social Evolution

One of the important way genetic material is moved between different populations, such as through gene flow, is

Through the choice of a sexual partner

A key concern in the 1850's that shaped the discipline of anthropology was the emergence of new scientific theory called "evolution".

True

Clyde Kluckhohn argued that both biological and cultural aspects of humanity must be seen as a continuum of small changes

True

Historical archaeologists excavate sites where historical documentation exists that provide an accurate description of the way the people actually lived.

True

Culture is

a product of individual psychology

Collective definitions of proper and improper behavior that "builds" meaning through common experiences and negotiations are cultural

construction

The ability of African cichlids, a popular per fish, to develop highly similar body shapes despite coming from two different and geographically distant environments is an example of

developmental bias

The process of learning culture from a very young age is called

enculturation

The perspective that aims to identify and understand cultures in the entirety is called

holistic