Anthropology Test 1
Ethnocentrism
-presents a major problem for anthropology -means you think your culture is superior to others -is a common feature of culture
When did anthropology emerge as an academic discipline?
1900's
The Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed that all life was arranged in
A great chain of being
The subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures, often focusing on the rise of cities, is called
Archaeology
The subfield of anthropology that studies human evolution, including human genetics and human nutrition, is called
Biological anthropology
A taxonomic structure is one that
Both names and classifies all organisms according to a system
Who was responsible of the theory of functionalism?
Bronislaw Malinowski
One of the central ideas of Darwin's theory of evolution was the idea that
Change is organisms was related to their adaptability to a particular environment
The thinker who developed evolutionary theory in the 19th century was
Charles Darwin
The subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practice is called
Cultural anthropology
The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is known as
Cultural relativism
The idea of biological evolution was first proposed by
Darwin in the mid 1800's
Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best is called
Ethnocentrism
The experience of feeling that the way culture does thinks is the right way and any different way of doing things is wrong is called
Ethnocentrism
The American anthropologist responsible for the concept of historical particularism was named
Franz Boas
The theory that posts that culture practices and beliefs serve purposes for society is called
Functionalism
One of the more important ways that anthropology contributes to the development of evolutionary theory is that
It challenges the biological reductionism of much evolutionary theory
Why was the discovery of penicillin in 1928 useful in our understanding of evolution?
It proved that disease could be stopped through evolutionary means
The subfield of anthropology that studies language use is called
Linguistic anthropology
A ______ charts the evolutionary history of a particular taxonomic branch and yields information about its ancestry.
Phenogram
The idea that cultures pass through stages from primitive to complex is known as
Social Evolution
One of the important way genetic material is moved between different populations, such as through gene flow, is
Through the choice of a sexual partner
A key concern in the 1850's that shaped the discipline of anthropology was the emergence of new scientific theory called "evolution".
True
Clyde Kluckhohn argued that both biological and cultural aspects of humanity must be seen as a continuum of small changes
True
Historical archaeologists excavate sites where historical documentation exists that provide an accurate description of the way the people actually lived.
True
Culture is
a product of individual psychology
Collective definitions of proper and improper behavior that "builds" meaning through common experiences and negotiations are cultural
construction
The ability of African cichlids, a popular per fish, to develop highly similar body shapes despite coming from two different and geographically distant environments is an example of
developmental bias
The process of learning culture from a very young age is called
enculturation
The perspective that aims to identify and understand cultures in the entirety is called
holistic