anti-bullying test study guide

Why does the literature recommend a "central coordinating group" as one of the key steps for preventing or reducing bullying?

everyone getting involved in preventing bullying instead of just one group

"Hot spots" List several "hot spots" in schools where bullying is more likely to occur when there is little adult supervision. 1. __________________ 2. __________________ 3. __________________

hallway, stairwell, playground, bathroom

Where can you find information for contacting a district's anti-bullying coordinator or a school's anti-bullying specialist?

must be posted on the school's website

How effective are zero-tolerance or "1 strike and you are out" policies in reducing or preventing bullying?

not effective

Describe the probable "family climate" of students who bully?

not warm and loving

Please list 2 theories that help explain bullying among peers. 1. ___________________ 2. ___________________

attraction theory, dominance theory

Does bullying involve only a "bully" and a victim?

bullies, targets and the bystanders who witness it

Why is cyber-bullying a particularly harmful form of bullying?

bully can't see victim's reaction so might say something more hurtful than they would say in person bc they don't know the harm done; victims often don't know the perpetrator or why they're being attacked; hurtful actions and messages are viral; parents and adults have a hard time monitoring use of technology and online events

What message does punishment send to perpetrators of bullying?

don't do it

Why does an improvement in school climate help to reduce HIB?

helps promote academic acheivement and make students feel more comfortable to learn and more focused on school than others

See no evil • There are cases reported in the literature where teachers refused to intervene if they did not directly see bullying taking place. What should teachers do when they hear about acts of bullying that they did not see themselves?

investigate or report to principal?

Why is it important to view bullying as "a learned behavior?"

it can be unlearned

4-square model Please explain what insights the following figure gives into bullying ("Four-square relational model," Swearer et al. (2009, p. 2). Bullying behavior Being an Ally Being a Bystander Being a Target

it is commonplace for students to move among the roles of bully, victim, bully-victim, and bystander. There shouldn't be a steretype of a certain person labeled a bully or victim because that communicates that these behaviors can't be changed and it oversimplifies the complexity of the bullying dynamic.

Please list 2 effective ways for adults to support or help targets of bullying? 1. _____________________ 2. _____________________

maintain supervision, give advice and support

Bullying reaches its height or peak or in _________ ___________

middle school

When does bullying begin (what grade or age)?

pre-school

A comprehensive HIB prevention program consists of the following 5 components:

preventing, reporting, investigating, responding, remediating

Please specify why each of the 5 components of a comprehensive HIB or anti-bullying policy is necessary?

preventing, reporting, responding, investigating, remediating

In a school, who determines the consequences for acts of bullying that have been documented by an investigation?

principal and ABS; as appropriate selection from the BOE

What can we learn by measuring a school's climate?

relationships, school spirit, academic support/encouragement

three components of effective prevention programs

school-wide component:Training, '[raising] awareness, monitoring and assessment of HIB" classroom component: Teaching and "reinforcing school-wide rules ... building social and emotional skills and empathy;" intervention component:"for students who are targets or perpetrators of HIB."

What are some ways to involve as many "stakeholders" as possible in creating and enforcing an anti-bullying policy?

showing how important anti-bullying is

Please select a metaphor for school climate and explain why you chose that particular metaphor.

social environment of the school is like the weather: critically important, but difficult to control.

What are some signs that indicate a school has a negative school climate?

students are upset & feel discouraged in class, failing grades, no support from teachers, increased bullying/ trouble making, low school spirit, bad/distracting learning environments

True or false A positive school climate is characterized by people feeling socially, emotionally and physically safe.

true

When is the Week of Respect?

week of first monday in october

Does the ABR accept verbal or anonymous reports of bullying?

yes both

Name 4 duties of the ABS

Chair the School Safety Team (SST). Lead, in coordination with the principal, the investigation of Act as the primary school official responsible for preventing, identifying and addressing incidents of HIB in the school. Assist the principal in determining the responses to be implemented that have been established by the BOE.

What are some of the duties of a School Safety Team? 1. ________________________ 2. ________________________ 3. ________________________

Receive complaints of HIB of students that have been reported to the principal.* Receive copies of investigative reports of HIB of students.* Identify and address patterns of HIB of students in the school.*

Name 4 duties of the ABC

-Coordinate and strengthen the school district's HIB policies to prevent, identify and address HIB of students. • Collaborate with the school anti-bullying specialist(s) (ABS), the BOE and the CSA to prevent, identify and respond to HIB acts in the district • Provide data, in collaboration with the CSA, to the NJDOE regarding HIB of students. • Meet with school anti-bullying specialist(s) at least 2 times each year to discuss and strengthen procedures and policies to prevent, identify and address HIB in the district.

Name two ways the school can involve parents in preventing and reducing bullying.

-Inform parents of the rates and harmful consequences of HIB. Encourage parents to discuss concerns and conflicts with school staff and to address problems. Conduct training sessions for parents. Make anti-bullying the focus of some PTA meetings. Encourage parents to monitor student's online activity.

11 prevention best practices

1. Focus on the entire school environment [by creating] a comprehensive, ongoing, school-wide effort to fully identify and address problem area(s) [associated with higher levels of bullying]. 2. Make decisions based on sound data: 1) make adjustments as you learn new information or things change, 2) make sure you have involved important "stakeholders" in planning the data collection effort and evaluating its results. EXAMPLE: "Students, parents and school staff participate in a survey of the climate, culture and behaviors in the school." 3. • Get everyone to agree and commit to making the prevention of bullying a personal responsibility. Obtain commitments [may dramatize the process of obtaining pledges] from everyone ranging from the president of the school board to the cafeteria workers and bus drivers. • Have "adults model the desired behaviors and support students who report HIB incidents. " 4. • Create a "central, coordinating group" at each school that is responsible for leading and monitoring the bullying prevention effort. School Safety Team "The school anti-bullying specialist chairs the SST. "The principal, a teacher and a parent, at a minimum, participate on the SST." 5. School districts must create and publicize anti-bullying policy consisting of the following elements, at minimum: definition of bullying, statement of expectations, consequences and remediation, defining school grounds, reporting procedure and timeline 6. Swift enforcement of policy violations and consistent rewards and recognition for outstanding examples of anti-bullying conduct. 7. "Providing training on the HIB policy for ALL staff." 8. Assign adults to supervise areas that are "hot spots" where bullying often occurs. 9. Turn bystanders into "up-standers" by teaching students how "to report HIB behaviors and ... how to respond when they [see] a peer being bullied." 10. Consistently embed anti-bullying messages in instruction and regularly provide "ongoing, age-appropriate instruction on the prevention of HIB, in accordance with the Core Curriculum Content Standards." 11. Sustain prevention efforts through the school year.

You are a member of a SST that is responsible for developing programs, activities, etc. that are designed to prevent bullying at your school. 1. What programs, activities, etc. would you recommend? 2. Why would you recommend those approaches to preventing bullying?

1. be an ally month, play of a scenario of bullying and its affects for the student body to see, parent information sessions 2. promoting positive behavior rather than telling them what not to do, more effective than a lecture on bullying, inforce better at home: more aware

True/False 1. There are no consequences for false reports of bullying? 2. The NJ ABR protects a person reporting bullying from acts of reprisals. 3. The Week of Respect takes place beginning on the first Monday in October? 4. A school district's HIB policy should be included in its code of student conduct and student handbook? 5. Out-of-school suspension is an effective consequence for bullying?

1. false 2. true 3. true 4. true 5. false

Give 3 examples of "school grounds" under the NJ ABR.

1. school bus 2. play grounds 3. field trips

Please list 7 ways that are highly recommended to prevent or reduce bullying.

1. school wide intervention 2. anti-bullying instructional rules 3. good modeling 4. early and swift action 5. open communication 6. SST (student safety team) 7. policy

How does the 2010 version of the NJ ABR differ from earlier versions? 1. 2. 3.

1. substantially disrupts or interferes with the orderly operation of the school or the rights of other students 2. Single incident or series of incidents 3. HIB off school grounds

True/False 1. Schools that stress social emotional learning usually will have lower levels of bullying. 2. Stamping out bullying is everyone's job. 3. Food service workers are not required to receive anti-HIB training. 4. Physical bullying is more harmful than relational or cyber-bullying? 5. Punishment is an effective consequence for engaging in bullying.

1. true 2. true 3. false 4. false 5. true?

True/False 1. Bystanders should report bullying rather than trying to stop it themselves. 2. Victims should be encouraged to walk away from bullying (and not "give the bullying a lot of lip)." 3. The best anti-bullying programs are complex and expensive. 4. When students see respectful behavior modeled by adults, they are less likely to engage in bullying. 5. A negative school climate is associated with higher levels of bullying. 6. Perpetrators (those engaging in bullying) may experience depression and other negative psychological or physical effects.

1. true 2. true 3. false 4. true 5. true 6. true

True/False 1. All students have a right to a safe, orderly learning environment. 2. Bullying helps to create a hostile educational environment in schools. 3. Single component programs are effective in preventing or reducing bullying. 4. The ABR requires schools to assess their climate annually or at least once a year?

1. true 2. true 3. false 4. true- annually

True/False 1. Embedding anti-bullying messages in the curriculum may help to reduce bullying. 2. If a teacher witnesses bullying, she or he should immediately act to ensure the target's or victim's safety. 3. Homophily is a theory that explains bullying by suggesting that "birds of a feather, flock together." In other words, bullies associate with peers who also like to bully. 4. People who have problems with anger- management are more likely to bully others

1. true 2. true 3. true 4. true

How many times a year does the CSA report on HIB to the BOE?

2 times

Please explain the "80/20 principle" in terms of bullying?

20% of the students do 80% of the bullying

On average, bullying affects what percentage of students _____________%?

32%

Does bullying change in high school? How?

?

I coordinate a school district's anti- bullying policy and efforts _____________________

ABC (anti-bullying coordinator)

When developing its anti-bullying policy, who should the board of education (BOE) include in the process?

ABS

I chair the School Safety Team _____________________

ABS (anti-bullying specialist)

Who is responsible for conducting HIB investigations in schools in NJ?

ABS (anti-bullying specialist) alongside the principal

A principal and ABS meet to decide the responses or consequences for an act of bullying. What are some of the factors that they should consider when deciding on consequences for bullying?

Age, developmental age; degree of harm; severity of behavior; past or continuing incidents; history of inappropriate behavior, relationships between parties; context of alleged incidents.

What is the timeline (stated in school days) for reporting bullying incidents to the principal?

All acts of HIB must be reported to the school principal on the same day; written report must be reported to the school principal within two school days of the accident; investigation must be done within one school day of the verbal report; investigation must be complete within 10 school days of the date of the written report; results must be reported to the CSA within two school days of completion of investigation.

According to the NJ Anti-bullying Bill of Rights which members of a school community are required to receive anti-HIB training?

BOE members, new and old education staff, school employees and volunteers that have contact with students

Why are anti-bullying laws and policies important?

Guides school and district staff in developing both a short-term and a comprehensive, long-range approach to preventing HIB. Provides timelines and benchmarks for achieving the plan, implementing the ABR and evaluating the activities of the plan. Sets forth specific strategies to address identified trouble areas. Yields data to aid in self-evaluation and reporting to the school community. Helps in determining and implementing next steps

How does the NJ ABR define bullying?

HIB means any gesture, any written, verbal or physical act, or any electronic communication, whether it be a single incident or series of incidents*, that: -is reasonably perceived as being motivated by any actual or perceived characteristic, such as race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, or a mental, physical or sensory disability, or by any other distinguishing characteristic, ● takes place on school property, at any school- sponsored function, or off school grounds as provided for in section 16 of P.L. 2010, c 122, ● substantially disrupts or interferes with the orderly operation of the school or the rights of other students, and that -A reasonable person should know, under the circumstances, will have the effect of physically or emotionally harming a student or damaging the student's property, or placing a student in reasonable fear of physical or emotional harm to his person or damage to his property; -Has the effect of insulting or demeaning any student or group of students; or - Creates a hostile educational environment for the student by interfering with a student's education or by severely or pervasively causing physical or emotional harm to the student

What is the goal of the NJ ABR?

To develop and sustain safe, supportive and civil schools in which HIB does not occur.

Why is it important to encourage and maintain positive, ongoing communication among students, staff, parents and community members?

adults & staff more aware of what's going on with students and keep positive relationships so they aren't afraid to say something if there's bullying going on

Which of the following is NOT likely to prevent bullying? a) a public awareness campaign sending the message bullying is unacceptable. b) In school suspension. c) School wide pledge to be civil and respectful. d) Embedding anti-bullying messages into instruction. e) Teaching bystanders the power of numbers and how to befriend targets of bullying.

b) In school suspension.

Why is "data-driven decision making" an important principle that many effective managers observe?

backing up decisions and programs with data

Involving students in developing "rules" that they understand, believe in and enforce is sometimes referred to as: a) School spirit b) The honor system c) Ownership or commitment d) A sense of belonging

c) ownership or commitment

Please explain why social-ecological theory helps to explain why some students engage in bullying?

children develop within a multi-layered "ecosystem" that naturally supports their ability to bond and develop. Numerous studies indicate that when social ecology zones are disturbed, children begin to exhibit stress and behavioral variance that compensates for or exaggerates their condition.

How does conflict differ from bullying?

conflict is mutually competitive or opposing action or engagement and HIB is one sided; includes disagreements, arguments or fights and HIB is one or more students are victims of one or more person's aggression, as it applies to the HIB definition under the ABR; conflict is a normal part of growing up and life and HIB is intended to physically or emotionally hurt someone

Effective HIB prevention requires the support of which of the following: a) Administration b) Students c) Parents d) Faculty e) All of the above

e) All of the above

How can curriculum and instruction be used to shape school climate?

embed the anti-HIB message into the curriculum; provide ongoing age-appropriate instruction on HIB prevention throughout the school year; week of respect & school violence awareness week

What are some of the health and other risks associated with bullying?

suicide, self-esteem, self-concept, mental health, physcial health

A School Safety Team should have the following people as members:

teachers, principal, parents, guidance counselors, students, bus driver, custodian

Please list 2 effective ways for students or bystanders to support or come to the aid of targets of bullying? 1. _____________________ 2. _____________________

tell adults about the cruel behavior they've seen, find ways to befriend HIB targets and isolated peers

In your own words, please define "school climate."

the atmosphere in the classroom-learning environment; relationships between the teachers, students, and staff; and the school spirit.

When should a principal notify parents that their child has been involved in a reported HIB incident?

within one day

A principal has how many school days to send the findings about a bullying investigation to the superintendent or chief school administrator (CSA)?

within two school days of the verbal report