Antibiotics

Which substance history of a severe allergic reaction results in avoidance of the cephalosporins such as cefazolin, cefditoren, cefotetan, and ceftriaxone? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Milk B. Aspirin C. Calcium D. Penicillin E. Strawberries

A, B, C, D

The nurse identifies which antimicrobial medications as safe during breast-feeding? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Penicillins B. Macrolides C. Tetracycline D. Cephalosporins E. Chloramphenicol

A,B,D Penicillins, macrolides, and cephalosporins are considered safe medications during breast-feeding as they are least likely to affect the infant. Tetracycline and chloramphenicol should be avoided during breast-feeding.

The nurse teaches a client on the usage of antibiotics. Which client statement indicates effective teaching? "I should not take antibiotics to treat the flu." "I should take an antibiotic to prevent illness." "I should stop an antibiotic regimen when I am feeling better." "I should borrow an antibiotic from a family member or friend in an emergency."

"I should not take antibiotics to treat the flu."

Which statements indicate effective discharge teaching for a client with osteomyelitis? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. "I will take the antibiotic at the same time every day." B. "I will take the antibiotic regularly until my symptoms subside." C. "I will take the antibiotic with food if I develop gastric distress when on the antibiotic." D. "I will notify my health care provider and stop taking the medication if I develop a rash or shortness of breath." E. "I will need to change my diet to avoiding milk and milk products while on these antibiotics."

A, C, D The antibiotic should be taken as prescribed for the full length of treatment. The client should not discontinue the medication when symptoms subside. The statements, "I will take the antibiotic at the same time every day," "I will take the antibiotic with food if I develop gastric distress when on the antibiotic," and "I will notify my health care provider and stop taking the medication if I develop a rash or shortness of breath," demonstrate understanding of the discharge instructions. The client does not need to avoid milk and milk products because the class of antibiotics typically prescribed for osteomyelitis is the quinolone class. Quinolones do not have any adverse food interactions.

Which statement made by the nurse will be most significant when teaching strategies to reduce the risk for developing antibiotic-resistant infections? "Wash your hands frequently with warm soapy water." "Do not skip any prescribed doses of your antibiotics." "Do not save unfinished antibiotics for later use." "Do not stop taking the antibiotics when you feel better."

"Do not skip any prescribed doses of your antibiotics."

Which information would the nurse include in the teaching plan on ampicillin? "Take the ampicillin with meals." "Store the ampicillin in a light-resistant container." "Notify the health care provider if diarrhea develops." "Continue the medication until a negative culture is obtained."

"Notify the health care provider if diarrhea develops." Diarrhea is a possible side effect that can be related to superinfection or to the destruction of bacterial flora in the intestine; it can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Ampicillin is absorbed best when taken with water on an empty stomach. Although storage in an airtight container is necessary, protection from light is not. A culture generally is not repeated unless the client's condition indicates that the medication was ineffective.

A client has an anaphylactic reaction after receiving intravenous penicillin. Which would the nurse conclude is the cause of this reaction? An acquired atopic sensitization occurred. There was passive immunity to the penicillin allergen. Antibodies to penicillin developed after a previous exposure. Genes encoded for allergies cause a reaction on an initial penicillin exposure.

Antibodies to penicillin developed after a previous exposure. Hypersensitivity results from the production of antibodies in response to exposure to certain foreign substances (allergens). Earlier exposure is necessary for the development of these antibodies. Hay fever and asthma, not penicillin allergy, are atopic conditions. The reaction is an active, not passive, immune response. Antibodies developed when there was a previous, not first, exposure to penicillin.

Which prescribed medications would the nurse anticipate initiating for a client with a Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD)? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Penicillin B. Fidaxomicin C. Ciprofloxacin D. Metronidazole E. Vancomycin

B,D,E A new oral antibacterial medication available specifically for managing C. difficile is fidaxomicin. Oral metronidazole and vancomycin have been the medications of choice to treat CDAD. Ciprofloxacin has contributed to the development of a new more virulent strain of this pathogen. Penicillin is used to treat bacterial infections and not CDAD.

Which topical medications are typically used to treat a client with acne vulgaris? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Mupirocin B. Gentamicin C. Clindamycin D. Erythromycin E. Metronidazole

C,D Topical clindamycin and erythromycin are typically used to treat acne vulgaris. Mupirocin is used to treat impetigo. Metronidazole is used to treat rosacea and bacterial vaginosis. Gentamicin is used to treat gram- negative organisms.