Antiseptics & Disinfectants
Viricide
Agent that inhibits or destroys viruses
Interferes with growth and or metabolism of microbes
Both antiseptics and disinfectants
Is more effective against vegetative cells than against bacterial endospores
Both antiseptics and disinfectants
The greater the amount of organic matter in the environment, the less effective the agent is likely to be
Both antiseptics and disinfectants
Surface-active agent
Chemical agent capable of reducing the surface tension of liquid in which its dissolved.
disinfectant
Chemical liquid that destroys bacteria. Causing destruction of bacteria.
What factors inhibit the effective killing action of chlorine?
Chlorine when combined with water( usually reacts with dissolved organic/inorganic compounds in water). It can no longer be a disinfectant-because it forms other products.
Sanitization
Close by related to disinfection (decrease microbial population to safe levels, and usually involves cleaning an object as well as disinfection.
What practical implications does this have for the treatment of drinking water?
Commonly used as municipalities to treat drinking water supplies waste water and swimming pools. Low concentration, low temp to high temp, pH changes, concentration of organic matter in the water
Bacteriostatic agent
Inhibit growth of organisms
Phenol coefficient
Inoculate fixed number of bacteria into dilutions of the test agent. At time intervals, the samples are withdrawn from each dilution into fresh broth based on the highest dilution (lowest concentration) of disinfectants that will kill all bacteria in a test after 10 minutes of exposure, this leaves survivors after 5 minutes of experiment, max after effective dilution
How can heat-sensitive objects (e.g. plastic Petri dishes, pacemakers) be sterilized?
Instrument resembling autoclave or beta propiolactone.
Tincture of iodine/iodophor
Iodophor can be used as both an antiseptic and disinfectant. Tincture-primary antiseptic on skin/tissues.
Bactericidal agent
Killing of cells
Disinfection
Killing or removal of disease-producing organisms from inanimate objects ( not necessarily result in sterilization). Pathogens are killed other microbes may survive.
What are characteristics of an ideal disinfectant?
Kills all types of organisms (bacteria, viruses) Rapid action with penetrating power Dissolve in water or form emulsion Relatively inexpensive Relatively non-toxic to humans
Why is ethyl alcohol used in a 70% concentration?
Most effective at killing microbes higher or lower not as effective. 90-it evaporates/as well as higher leave traces on applied surfaces and are harmful to the skin ( 70% less harmful to the hands).
Can be used in as strong a concentration as desired without concern about it damaging the surface being treated
Neither antiseptics and disinfectants
Its major use is in sterilization
Neither antiseptics and disinfectants
antiseptic
Not as toxic disinfectant. Remove pathogens from surface of living tissue (i.e. skin).
Major classes of agents
Phenolics Alcohols Aldehydes Quaternary ammonium compounds Gases
what factors influence effectiveness of chemical antimicrobial agents?
Presence of organic matter , the kinds of organisms present, corrosiveness stability odors and surface tension.
Sterilization
Process by which all living cells, spores, viruses, are destroyed on an object.
Cold sterilization
Reusable semi-critical items to be immersed in EPA approved liquid chemicals. Chemicals contain glutaldehydes, acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide based on solutions.
Germicide
Substance or agent that destroys harmful microorganisms(antiseptic)
Decontamination
To eliminate contamination( absorb, destroy, neutralize, removing chemical or biological agents)
What non-chemical method can be used?
Using ethylene oxide.
Is safe enough to apply to skin or mucous membrane
antiseptic
If germkill is an agent that can be used as either an antiseptic or disinfectant, depending on the concentration , the more concentrated solution of " germkill" would be used as
disinfectant
