Antro 6-16

Describe one adaptation seen in this primate's cranium that indicates bipedal locomotion.

more basal foramen magnum

Part v. The bone labeled 5 is a/the ________.

humerus

Part iii. Which bone is labeled 3?

ilium

Describe one of the threats to wild primate populations today.

loss of habitat: This is a major threat to primates, human expansion into primates habitat pushes animals into less suitable areas. Mining, also poses a threat to primates. One example of primate that is in danger is Western Gorilla: Critically Endange

Part iii. The bones labeled 3 are the _______.

lumbar vertebrae

Part x. The bone labeled 4 is a/the ________.

phalange

Part iv. The bones labeled 4 are the ___

cervical vertebrae

Part v. The bone labeled 5 is a/the _______.

coccyx

Part vii. vertebral foramen

third arrow from top

Part iii. xiphoid process

third arrow from top on left

Describe two adaptations seen in this primate's vertebral column that indicate bipedal locomotion.

1. s-shaped vertebral column 2. large lumbar vertebrae

11) Part xi. Which mystery vertebra is a thoracic vertebra? Describe two features that helped you determine this.

Two features that help me determine thoracic vertebra are long spinous processes angulating downwards. Also, medium-sized, heart-shaped vertebral bodies.

Refer to the teeth and the cranium images on p. 221 of your lab manual to answer the following question. What do these two traits indicate about these individuals' ancestry? Are these two traits alone enough to make an ancestry determination? Why or why not?

Two traits that show about this individual's ancestry are the Front teeth have that scoped out on the enamel. Another is the mallet cubicle.

Part vi. Which feature is labeled 6?

pubic symphysis joint

Describe two adaptations seen in this primate's pelvis that indicate bipedal locomotion.

1.bold shape for the organs 2. wide pelvis

Refer to the mystery animal dentition photo in the Lab 6 Exercise Image Library on p. 172 of your lab manual to calculate the dental formula for the animal. The lower dentition is identical to the upper dentition shown. What is the dental formula for the mystery animal? (Note: Since the upper and lower dentition are the same, only a single simplified dental formula is shown in the answer choices.)

2.1.3.3

Refer to the Cranium images on p. 221 of your lab manual to answer the following question. Which individual has a malar tubercle?

Individual B

Refer to the images in the Lab 7 Exercise Image Library on p. 221 of your lab manual to answer the following questions.Which individual has shovel-shaped incisors?

Individual B

I lived about 6 mya in eastern Africa. My femurs had long necks with grooves for my obturator externus muscles.

Orrorin tugenensis

Q001) Refer to the diagram of the human rib cage in the Lab 6 Exercise Image Library on p. 174 of your lab manual. Locate the bones of the rib cage indicated in Parts i-vi, and indicate which arrow or bracket on the image on p. 174 points to each feature.

Part i. manubrium: top arrow on left

Examine the skeletal material in the drawings in the Lab 14 Exercise Image Library on p. 421 of your lab manual.Which mystery primate is a biped?

Primate A

Examine the skeletal material in the photos in the Lab 14 Exercise Image Library on p. 423 of your lab manual.Which mystery primate is a biped?

Primate B

Exercise 5 Examine the skeletal material in the photos in the Lab 14 Exercise Image Library on p. 422 of your lab manual.Which mystery primate is a biped?

Primate B

I lived about 7 to 6 mya in central Africa. I had a small cranial capacity, a large brow ridge, and an anteriorly positioned foramen magnum.

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

Examine the skeletal material in the Exercise Image Library on p. 421 of your lab manual to answer the following questions. Which mystery primate is a biped?

Skull A

Compared with chimpanzees, bonobos have

a wider range of sexual practices.

Part ii. The bone labeled 2 is a/the ________.

carpal

Part viii. The bone labeled 2 is a/the ______

fibula

What is the definition of nonhuman primate culture?

group-specific, learned behavior

Part iv. The bone labeled 4 is the _______

parietal bone

I am an adult female primate. I live in a territory with my offspring. My territory is separate from those of other females, so I don't see them often. An adult male has a territory that overlaps with mine, but we hardly ever spend time together. What type of social organization do I participate in?

solitary

Part xii. The bone labeled 6 is a/the ________.

tarsal

Part ii. The bones labeled 2 are the _______.

thoracic vertebrae

Part xi. The bone labeled 5 is a/the __

tibia

Part iv. The bone labeled 4 is a/the ____

ulna

Part vii. The bone labeled 7 is the _______.

zygomatic bone

Describe two adaptations seen in this primate's foot that indicate bipedal locomotion.

1. It's Nondivergent 2. Longer phalanges and big toes

Review the image on p. 222 of your lab manual and answer the following questions. PART B What bone is it? What pathology is indicated on this bone? Is this pathology antemortem or perimortem?

1. Skull- Cranium 2. Pathology Cranial fracture 3. Perimortem Pathology

Refer to the mystery assemblage in the Lab 7 Exercise Image Library on p. 218 of your lab manual to answer the following questions.List the bones depicted. What is the minimum number of individuals in this assemblage? Why?

Bones: Femur Tibia Lumbar vertebra Thoracic vertebra cervical vertebra Mandible

While tarsiers are more closely related to anthropoids, they still have a few characteristics which they share with lemurs and lorises. Tarsiers

-have a small body size -are nocturnal -have a grooming claw

Review the image on p. 222 of your lab manual and answer the following questions. PART A What bone is it? What pathology is indicated on this bone? Is this pathology antemortem or perimortem?

1. It is bone lumbar vertebrae 2. Spinal Pathology (lumbar) 3. Pathology Antemortem

Examine the skeletal material (Exercise 3 page 218 of the Image library ), which is from a female and shows the symphyseal face of the pubic bone. Compare this to the Suchey-Brooks age stages provided in Figure 7.14 and the chart on page 195. What is the mean age of this female?

38.2 years

I lived about 4.4 mya in eastern Africa. I had long arms and fingers and a relatively short, broad pelvis.

Ardipithecus ramidus

Examine the skeletal material in the photos in the Lab 14 Exercise Image Library on p. 422 of your lab manual.Which mystery primate is a biped?

Pelvis A

Review the traits used for estimating biological sex from the pelvis on p. 188 of your lab manual. Use the images in the Lab 7 Exercise Image Library on p. 220 and determine which pelvis is female?

Pelvis A is female

Part xii. Which mystery vertebra is a lumbar vertebra? Describe two features that helped you determine this.

Picture A: Two features that help me determine lumbar vertebra are thick and stout vertebral shape and the quadrilateral spinous process for the attachment of strong lumbar muscles.

Refer to the Part A photos of a human cranium in the Lab 6 Exercise Image Library on p. 172 in your lab manual. Some of the major bones of the cranium have been assigned numbers. For each number indicated in Parts i-vii, provide the appropriate bone name.

The bone labeled 1 is the: temporal bone

You are observing two juvenile chimpanzees. When they first meet, they embrace. They then begin tickling each other and wrestling mildly. Would you characterize this behavior as affiliative or aggressive?

affiliative behavior

How does this adaptation help the primate to move bipedally?

both of the above answers are correct

PART B' Refer to the photo of a typical human vertebra for Part B in the Lab 6 Exercise Image Library on p. 173 of your lab manual. Locate the key features on the vertebra indicated in Parts vi-ix, and indicate which arrow on the image on p. 173 points to each feature.Part vi. vertebral body

bottom arrow

Part v. false ribs

bottom bracket on right

Part vi. floating ribs

bottom two arrows on left

(Q007) PART BRefer to the photo of human lower limb bones in Part B on p. 175 of your lab manual. The major bones have been numbered. For each number indicated in Parts vii-xiv, provide the appropriate bone name.Part vii. The bone labeled 1 is a/the

femur

Review the photo of a human pelvis in Part A on p. 177 of your lab manual. The major bones and features have been numbered. For each number indicated in Parts i-vii, provide the appropriate bone or feature name.Part i. Which bone is labeled 1?

ischium

Part ii. The bone labeled 2 is the _______.

mandible

Which of the following statements about primate sexual behavior is true?

Most female primates emphasize getting access to resources for their offspring.

Part vi. The bone labeled 6 is the _______.

frontal bone

Part x. mastoid process

left image (lateral view), bottom left arrow

part ix. mental protuberance

left image (lateral view), bottom right arrow

PART BRefer to the Part B photos of a human cranium in the Lab 6 Exercise Image Library on p. 172 of your lab manual. Identify the key features of the cranium indicated in Parts viii-xiii, and indicate which arrow on the images on p. 172 points to each feature.Part viii. external auditory (acoustic) meatus

left image (lateral view), top left arrow

. The bone labeled 5 is the _______.

occipital bone

Part vi. The bone labeled 6 is a/the _______

phalanx

Part ii. Which bone is labeled 2?

pubis

Part iv. true ribs

top bracket on ritgh

In exercise 5 pg 306 , Part A - Compare the partial jaws (Part B, pg 275) in 1st ed) Which of these belongs to an Old World monkey and which one is an Ape? Why?

-A is Old World Monkey, it has Bilophodont molars -B is an Ape, it has Y - 5 molars

Compare the monkey jaws in Exercise 4 Pg 305 of your lab manual (pg 274 in 1st ed) Which of these monkeys is a New World monkey and why?

-A is Old world monkey, it has 2 premolars -B is New world monkey, it has 3 premolar

In Exercise 1 which of the mystery mammal is a primate and why?

-Mammal A because it has a small snout -Mammal A because it has a complete socket

Review the traits used for estimating biological sex from the cranium and the pelvis in the tables on p. 186 and p. 188 of your lab manual. Use the images in the Lab 7 Exercise Image Library on p. 219 to answer the following.PART AEstimate the sex of the three crania depicted on p. 219 of your lab manual. Which crania is/are female?

B and C

Part iii. The bone labeled 3 is a/the _

metacarpal

Part iii. The bone labeled 3 is the _______

maxilla

In exercise 2 Part B which of the mystery primate is a lemur and which is an anthropoid? Why? (Check all correct answers)

-A is an anthropoid, it has a more bony eye enclosure - B is an Lemur, it has a dental comb -A is an anthropoid, it has a shorter snout - B is an Lemur, it has a post orbital bar

In exercise 2 Part A which of the mystery primate is nocturnal and which is diurnal? Why?

-A is nocturnal, it has large eye -B is diurnal, it has smaller eyes

In exercise 5 pg 306 , Part B - Compare the primates (Part A, pg 275) in 1st ed) Which of these belongs to an Old World monkey and which one is an Ape? Why?

-B is Old World Monkey, it has a tail - A is an Ape, it is brachiating -A is an ape , it is tail-less

Tarsiers have an unusual mix of anatomical features. Based on Exercise 3 Fig A and B and your reading which traits are unique to tarsiers.

-Tarsier have incredibly large eyes - Tarsier have long feet (tarsal bones) - Tarsier have nearly 360° head rotation. -Tarsier are found in South east Asia

Review the photos in the Lab 7 Exercise Image Library on p. 217 of your lab manual and answer the following questions.PART BWhich of the cranium is human? and why?

-because face is small, chin is present -B, because forhead is vertical and face is not projecting

Review the photos in the Lab 7 Exercise Image Library on p. 217 of your lab manual and answer the following questions PART A Which of the skeletal elements is human? and why?

-because it is longer and angled -because it is less robust

A primatologist is watching numerous primates at once and collecting easily measurable information that facilitates comparisons. This researcher is

-conducting a group observation and collecting quantitative data.

Describe two adaptations seen in this primate's femur that indicates bipedal locomotion

1.Longer neck on the femur 2. Angled femur

The pre-australopith fossils are especially significant because they challenge some of the long-standing explanations of our evolutionary history. List two reasons the pre-australopiths force us to rethink the savanna hypothesis in particular.

1.They were bipedal biped, they were to walk and swinging in the trees. 2. When they analyze the animals remaining they found that they were forced to live in the open areas.

A collection of skeletal remains has just been unearthed at a crime scene. You have been asked to help law enforcement officials in their investigation of this skeletal material. Refer to the mystery assemblage on mp. 224 of your lab manual to answer the following questions. List bones found (A- I), Make determination of human non human bones, age, sex, ancestry, disease/trauma, and number of individuals

A. Human skull B. Nonhuman skull (Pteropus poliocephalus skull) C. Junior human skull D.Adult Lumbar vertebrae E. Adult First rib F. Adult Second rib G. Adult articular facet of rib tubercle H. Adult Scapula I. Adult Femur If I have a closer look or 360 views I would be able to mention more characteristics about these individuals.

Examine the X-ray of a juvenile upper and lower jaw in Figure 7.12 and compare it to the dental eruption age stages in Figure 7.13. What is the approximate age of this individual?

Approx 10 years of age

Consider your own experiences with human behavior.How are human affiliative and aggressive behaviors similar to what is seen in nonhuman primates? Provide specific examples.

In my own experience with human behavior are vocabulisation as well as the hand holding. I think this two are similar to nonhuman primates. For example when primates are eating or carrying something with their hands. As humans he also use our hands to eat or to carry things. Also, when they try to call each other they use their sounds to bring attention to other. I think we also do the same we wisel, or scream to call attention to others.

Examine the material in the photo for Exercise 7 in the Lab 14 Exercise Image Library on p. 423 of your lab manual. What adaptations for bipedalism are seen in this Ardipithecus ramidus pelvis?

In the Ardipithecus ramidus has sharpened and flat out on the side to support the legs and well as they have a shorter and wide pelvis.

PART CRefer to the photos of three mystery vertebrae for Part C in the Lab 6 Exercise Image Library on p. 173 to answer Parts x-xii.Part x. Which mystery vertebra is a cervical vertebra? Describe two features that helped you determine this.

Picture C Two features that help me determine cervical vertebra has transverse foramen as well as a bifurcated spinous process.

Part xi. alveolar process

left image (lateral view), top right arrow

Part ix. The bone labeled 3 is a/the _______

metatarsal

I am an adult female primate. I live in a territory with two adult males and our offspring. What type of social organization do I participate in?

polyandrous

Q001) PART ARefer to the photos of human upper limb bones in Part A on p. 175 of your lab manual. The major bones have been numbered. For each number indicated in Parts i-vi, provide the appropriate bone name.Part i. The bone labeled 1 is a/the _____

radius

Part xiii. occipital condyle

right image (underside view), left arrow

Part xii. foramen magnum

right image (underside view), right arrow

ii. Which feature is labeled 7?

sacroiliac joint

Refer to the human vertebral column diagram for Part A in the Lab 6 Exercise Image Library on p. 173 of your lab manual. The major bones of the vertebral column have been assigned numbers. For each number indicated in Parts i-v, provide the appropriate bone name.Part i. The bone labeled 1 is a/the _______.

sacrum

Part ix. transverse process

second arrow from top

Part ii. sternal body

second arrow from top on left

What size groups do primates tend to form when food is sparsely distributed?

small groups

Part viii. spinous process

top arrow

How are human affiliative and aggressive behaviors different from what is seen in nonhuman primates? Provide specific examples.

I don't think we have any difference in affiliative and aggressive behavior. Since they are mammals, they have similar behaviors as humans.