AP Bio chapter 16 and 17 test questions
a frameshift mutation could result from
a base insertion only and a base deletion only
describe translation
a-site: mRNA and tRNA bond together p-site: amino acids bind to form a polypeptide e-site: tRNA with polypeptide is booted to the ribosome (when stop codon stops translation)
a virus capable of infecting a bacteria is called a...
bacteriophage
chargaff's analysis of the relative base composition of DNA was important because he was able to show that
each species of living things has its own unique composition of the four different bases and the amount of A is always equivalent to T, and C to G
t/f- there is only one origins of replication in Eukaryotic DNA during replication
false
a codon
may code for the same amino acid as another codon
which of the following represents a similarity between RNA and DNA?
nucleotides consisting of a phosphate, sugar, and the nitrogenous base
what is the sequence of a peptide based on the mRNA sequence 5' UUUUCUUAUUGUCUU 3'
phe-ser-tyr-cys-leu
lays down RNA primer so DNA nucleotides can be added
primase
how does transcription and translation differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
pro.= no nucleus, transcription and translation at the same time euk.= nucleus divides, transcription first in nucleus, translation next in cytoplasm pro.= promoter, elongator, terminator, no mRNA processing euk.= promoter, trascription facotrs, pre-mRNA to be processed
the y-shaped structure where the DNA double helix is actively unwound during DNA replication is called the
replication fork
the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein in eukaryotic cells is called the central dogma of biology. explain the role of each of the following in protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. -gene -spliceosome -promoter -ribosome -tRNA
1. gene -accounts for what the parents give the child (what they inherit) it determines what their DNA is like which codes for the protein 2. spliceosomes -snRPs and proteins are responsible for RNA splicing. They snRP's and other proteins are the spliceosomes. they get rid of introns, but keep exons 3. promoter -promoter and transcription factors=transcription initiation complex. the promoter starts RNA poly II on the DNA molecule 4. ribosomes -the final place the future protein goes where it is synthesized 5. tRNA -tRNA transfers the amino acids to the ribosome during translation
describe transcription
1. initiation- RNA poly II binds with DNA -promoter and transcription factors=transcription initiation complex 2. elongation- RNA vases are played down as multiple RNA poly II race down the DNA 3. termination- RNA transcript is released when RNA poly II jumps off DNA -Euk. need processing before translation
cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. approximately, what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?
12
there are ___ different amino acids, ___ bases make up a codon, there are ____ different nitrogenous bases, and ____ different codons.
20, 3, 4, 64
a possible sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phd-leu-ile-val would be
3' AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5'
a particular eukaryotic protein is 300 amino acids long. which of the following could be the maximum number of nucleotides in the DNA that codes for the amino acids in this protein?
900
all of the following are directly involved in translation except
DNA
what is the equation for the central dogma of protein synthesis
DNA --transcription-->mRNA--translation-->protein
unwinds the double helix of DNA as it gets ready to replicate
DNA helicase
responsible for link okazaki fragments on the lagging strand
DNA ligase
replaces the RNA primer with the DNA nucleotides
DNA poly I
responsible for adding new nucleotides to the new complimentary strand of DNA
DNA poly III
a new DNA strand elongates only in the 5' to 3' direction because
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3' end.
responsible for making the mRNA sequence during transcription
RNA poly II
which of the above is analogous to a single substitution mutation? THE CAT ATE THE RAT
THE CAT ARE THE RAT
which of the following is analogous to the frame shift mutation THE CAT ATE THE RAT
THE CAT ATT HER AT
a particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is AGT. the corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is
UCA
when does translation begin in prokaryotic cell?
during transcription
which of the following is not true of RNA processing?
eons are cut out to be left in the nucleus
what are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?
exons
t/f- UAA, UGA, and UAG are known as start codons
false
t/f- okazaki fragments are located on the leading strand during DNA replication
false
what kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix?
hydrogen
which is NOT true of RNA?
it can contain any of the 5 different nitrogenous bases
it became apparent to watson and crick after completion of their model that the DNA molecule would carry a vast amount of hereditary information in its
sequence of bases
what is an anticodon part of?
tRNA
lengthens the end of eukaryotic chromosomes in germ cells so they do not erode with each subsequent generation
telomerase
the strands that make up DNA are antiparallel. this means that
the 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand
the leading and lagging strands of DNA differ in that
the leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately linked together
what determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?
the nucleotide sequence of the template strand
which of the following statements about telomeres is correct?
they are present at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and they can be extended by an enzyme called telomerase
what is the function of DNA polymerase?
to add nucleotides to the end of a growing DNA strand
identify differences between transcription and translation
transcription produces mRNA while translation produces a polypeptide. transcription also uses a RNA polymerase while translation does not.
frederick griffith performed and experimented which helped to develop the idea that DNA is responsible for gene expression by doing an experiment with mice. He ultimately injected a mouse with "good bacteria that had been mixed with heat killed bacteria" and mice still dies. he concluded that the "good bacteria" had taken in DNA from the "heat killed variety". this process of taking up DNA from another organisms is called
transformation
t/f- alternative RNA splicing makes it possible for the same gene to make different proteins
true
t/f- dna replication is commonly called a semiconservative process
true
t/f- transcription factors are like the "pit crew" that aid in RNA Poly II's to binding to DNA
true