APWH Chapter 29-33
Simon Bolivar succinctly summed up the developing political situation in Latin America when he said?
"I fear peace more than war"
the golondrinas were?
"Swallows"- Italian workers who traveled back and forth annually between Europe and South America to take advantage of different growing seasons
Mrs. John Sandford wrote?
"Woman in Her Social and Domestic Character"
Marx believed that the final result of the socialist revolution would be the?
"dictatorship of the proletariat" which would abolish private property and destroy the capitalist order
the guiding principles of the French Revolution were summed up in the phrase?
"liberty, equality, and fraternity"
the main slogan for the colonies in the years leading up to the American Revolution was?
"no taxation without representation"
a zaibatsu was?
"wealthy clique" - huge industrial empires built by private entrepreneurs
the ancient regime was?
'the old order"
in the new Latin American countries..?
...
most of latin america and sub-saharan africa?
...
in 1900, foreign embassies in China were besieged by?
140,000 Boxers
most property qualifications for voting in the United States had disappeared by the late?
1820s
submarine cables linked all parts of the British empire throughout the world by?
1902
between 1800 and 1914, how many Europeans migrated overseas?
50 million
the words "a house divided against itself cannot stand" were first spoken by?
Abraham Lincoln
the chief victim of late 19th century European imperialistic expansion was?
Africa
colonial rule in Mexico ended in 1821 when the capital was seized by?
Augustin de Iturbide
what revolutionary leader, frustrated over his inability to put together a South America confederation, lamented that "those who have served the revolution have plowed the sea"?
Bolivar
the early stages of industrial development in the United States depended in large part on investment capital form which of the following nations?
Britain ?
After the end of the Seven Years' War...?
Britain would dominate global trade and British possessions would prosper
the term Great Game refers to?
Britain/Russian military officers and imperialist adventurers engaging in a risky pursuit of influence and intelligence
the decisive point in the Opium War was?
British commercial agents pressed their government into a military retaliation designed to reopen the opium trade
who said, "we are the finest race in the world and more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race"?
Cecil Rhodes
the Indians who relocated from the eastern woodlands to Oklahoma on the Trail of tears were the?
Cherokees
the Self-Strengthening Movement was an attempt to blend indigenous cultural traditions with western technology in?
China
the author of the "Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races" was?
Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau
the prime mover behind russian industrialization was?
Count Sergei Witte, minister of finance
which of the following accounts for beginning of the social reform movement in Russia in the 19th century?
Crimean War
the lines "we hold these truths to be self evident: that all men and women are created equal" are from the...?
Declaration of Independence
in August 1789, the National Assembly expressed the guiding principles of the French Revolution by issuing the?
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
the Scottish minister who, while searching for suitable missionary posts, traveled through much of central and southern Africa was?
Dr. David Livingstone
the most significant territorial loss for the Ottomans was?
Egypt
interchangeable parts were invented by?
Eli Whitney
the organizer of the Seneca Falls Conference was?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
which one of the following leaders played a major role in the Meiji Restoration?
Emperor Meiji
the Declaration of Independence's contractual view of political structure in which the government drew its authority from the "consent of the governed" was influenced by?
Enlightenment political thought in justifying the colonies' quest for independence
in 1803, the United States doubled in size after the Louisiana territory was purchased from?
France
the leader who was responsible for the success of the Saint-Domingue uprising was?
Francois-Dominique Toussaint--Louverture*
between 1859 and 1893, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos all fell under the control of?
French Indochina
the industrial revolution began in?
Great Britain
the United States agreed to pay Mexico 15 million for Texas, California, and New Mexico as part of the Treaty of..?
Guadalupe Hidalgo
after the overthrow of Queen Lili'uokalani in 1893, the United States took over?
Hawaii
in 1851, Hong Xiuquan proclaimed his own dynasty, the Taiping tianguo, which meant?
Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace
the Congo Free State was established in the 1870s by?
Henry Morton Stanley (under the direction of King Leopold II of Belgium)
the most important figures in the uprising in 1857 in India were?
Hindu sepoys
the only successful slave revolt in history took place in?
Hispaniola
the leader of the Taiping Rebellion was?
Hong Xiuquan
Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao were the leaders of the?
Hundred Days Reform
which of the following is not a correct pairing of inventor and invention?
IS: Kay-shuttle Samuel Crompton-mule Cartwright-water driven power loom Watt-steam engine
which of the following revolutionary leaders is not correctly linked with his country?
IS: Napoleon-france Hidalgo-Mexico Bolivar-south america Louverture- Saint Domingue
which of the following statement is not true about the capitulations?
IS: exempted European visitors from ottoman law, provided Europe with extraterritoriality, permitted foreign governments to levy duties on goods sold in Ottoman ports
Maximilien Robespierre was known as the?
Incorruptible
by the late 19th century, the world's leading producer of cotton was?
India
in the 19th century, the majority of indentured laborers came from?
India
the most important Indian reform group, founded in 1885, was the?
Indian National Congress
in 1908, the United States government ordered a complete halt to migration from..?
Japan
the first prime minister of Canada was?
John A. Macdonald
the inventor of the flying shuttle was?
John Kay
the author of the "Second Treatise of Civil Government" was?
John Locke
in America the petroleum monopoly, Standard Oil Company was owned by?
John Rockefeller
what 19 century English thinker promoted individual freedom, universal suffrage, taxation of high personal income, and an extension of the rights of freedom and equality to women?
John Stuart Mill
the great epic poem, "the Gaucho Martin Fierro" was written by?
Jose Hernandez
the "Machiavelli of the pampas" was?
Juan Manuel de Rosas
what was the name of the giant firm in Germany that dominated mining, metallurgy, armaments production, and shipbuilding?
Krupp
the "Roosevelt Corollary" strengthened U.S. military and economic claims in which area of the world?
Latin America/their half of the hemisphere
Japan became a major imperial power after its victory in the...?
Liaodong peninsula
who wrote, "as months accumulate and years pass by, the poison they have produced increases in its wicked intensity, and its repugnant odor reaches as high as the sky"?
Lin Zexu
the US Civil War changed character on 1 January 1863, after..?
Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, making the abolition of slavery an explicit goal of the war
the last major Indian victory against the United States armed forces came in 1876 at the Battle of..?
Little Big Horn
the Northwest Rebellion was led by?
Louis Riel
what was the name of the sultan, who, in 1826, had mutinous Janissaries slaughtered and thus open the door for further reform within the Ottoman Empire?
Mahmud II
the author of the "Manifesto of the Communist Party" was?
Marx
the author of "A Vindication of the Rights of Women" was?
Mary Wollstonecraft
the most radical period of the French Revolution was reached during the leadership of..?
Maximilien Robespierre
in 1876, Korea was forced to accept an unequal trading treaty by?
Meiji officials- Japan
the turning point in Napoleon's career was his disastrous 1812 invasion of?
Moscow
the Opium War ended the signing of the Treaty of?
Nanjing
on 17 June 1789, members of the third estate seceded from the Estates General and declared themselves to be the?
National Assembly
the author of the Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen was?
Olympe de Gouges
the capitulations were unfair trading agreements between the western Europeans and the?
Ottoman Empire
the leader who helped lead Brazil to independence was?
Pedro
the leading conservative politician at the Congress of Vienna was?
Prince Klemens of Metternich (foreign minister of Austria)
the stipulation, "In order to obtain for Ottoman citizens an education of a homogeneous and uniform character, the official schools will be open, their instruction will be free, and all nationalities will be admitted," is from what document?
Proclamation of the Young Turks
the founder of New Lanark was?
Robert Owen
the author of "The White Man's Burden" was?
Rudyard Kipling
by 1900 half the world's oil was produced by?
Russia
a defeat in the Crimean War stopped expansion by the?
Russians
by 1900, the only part of southeast Asia not under European imperial rule was?
Siam
in 1824, Thomas Stamford Raffles founded the port of?
Singapore
the Maji Maji rebellion occurred in?
Tanganyika
the main spark for the outbreak of the Mexican American War in 1845 was the United States acceptance of the new state of?
Texas
the Russian serfs were emancipated by?
Tsar Alexander II
in 1900, the world's four biggest steel producers were?
US, Germany, Britain, and Russia
one of the principles built into the government of the newly formed American state?
WAS: all men are created equal, people have a say in the government
John Locke's main ideas?
WAS: individuals granted political rights to their rulers but retained personal rights to life, liberty, and property. Subjects had the right to replace rulers. removed sovereignty from rulers as divine agents and vesting it in the people of society
the basic ideals of the Enlightenment thinkers?
WAS: issues of freedom and equality and sovereignty.
which of the following was not one of the chief factors for the outbreak of the American Civil War?
WAS: slavery and the cultivation of cotton as a cash crop-isolated south from economic development. Northerners viewed succession as an act of betrayal
Napolean's final defeat occurred at?
Waterloo in Belgium
the last major Indian resistance was defeated in 1890 at the Battle of...?
Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
Adela Zamudio was?
a Bolivian poet who lamented bitterly that talented women couldnt vote
the decisive factor in the Russo-Japanese War was?
a Japanese surprise attack on the Russian naval squadron at Port Arthur in February 1904
count sergei witte was?
a Russian finance minister who oversaw construction of the trans-Siberian railroad, reformed commercial law, protected infant industries, promoted nautical/engineering schools
Walt Whitman was?
a US poet
holy monday was?
a day workers often observed to lengthen their weekly break from work on Sundays
the emancipation of the Russian serfs..?
a few peasants prospered as a result of emancipation, but most found themselves in debt for the rest of their lives./ resulted in little if any increase in ag. production
Japan was forcibly opened to foreign trade in 1853 by the?
a fleet of US warships
the Young Ottomans were?
a group who agitated for individual freedom, local autonomy, and political decentralization
the centerpiece of Sergei Witte's Russian industrial policy was?
a massive program of railway construction
the Concordat was?
a pact that was made when Napoleon made peace with the Roman Catholic Church/pope and it provided that the French state would retain church lands seized during the revolution, but the state agreed to pay clerics' salaries, recognize Roman Catholic Christianity as the preferred faith of France
Emiliano Zapata was?
a revolutionary leader who organied massive armies fighting for "tierra y libertad" (land and liberty)
New South Wales in Australia started as?
a small colony consisting of mostly convicted criminals
Fatt Hing Chin was?
a village fish peddler in China who moved to San Francisco to get gold and eventually opened a restaurant
the social Darwinists believed that?
all living species had evolved over thousands of years in a ferocious contest for survival. "survival of the fittest"
Cecil Rhodes was?
an 18 year old student at Oxford university and served as prime minister of the British Cape Colonyq
the Ghost Dance movement related to?
an expression of religious beliefs that included a vision of an afterlife in which all white peoples disappeared
the creoles of Latin America were influenced by the ideals of the Enlightenment?
and occasionally took part in tax revolts and popular uprisings. sought to displace peninsulares but retain privileged position in society
by the late 1860s, Britain's leading supplier of beef was?
argentina
Ram Mohan Roy was responsible for?
arguing for the construction of a society in INdia based on both modern European science and traditional Hinduism
revolutionaries of the late 18 and early 19 century?
began to question longstanding notions of sovereignty-sought to make kings responsible to the people they governed
the german leader Otto von Bismarck believed that the great issues of his day would be determined by?
blood and iron
the first steam-powered locomotive was George Stephenson's..?
but they still burned too much coal for use at sea
Marx and Engels proposed that capitalism divided people into two classes. The classes were?
capitalists- owned machinery/factories and proletariat-wageworkers
which of the following is not a reform proposed in the Tanzimat era?
capitulations lifted, new civil code, commercial code, penal code, maritime code, (N-C,SPM) public trials guaranteed, equality before the law, education reform
after the assassination of Alexander II, his successor Nicholas II..?
championed oppression and police control and embarked on expansionist ventures in east Asia
the Monroe Doctrine?
claimed the Americas as a US protectorate, and served as a justification in hemispheric affairs
crucial to industrialization was?
coal
Cheaper iron was produced after 1709 when British smelters began to use what substance as a fuel?
coke
Throughout most of the 19 century, employers and governments..?
considered trade unions illegal associations whose purpose was to restrain trade
slavery was reinvigorated in the United States after the rise of what cash crop?
cotton
the National Policy, which was designed to attract migrants, protect nascent industries through tariffs, and build national transportation systems was a policy in?
created some violent altercations with indigenous peoples...center of transportation network was the transcontinental Canadian Pacific Railroad
in regard to imperialism, the Japanese and Americas?
developed a sense of superiority over the peoples they conquered and ruled
by the end of the 19th century, the only thing keeping China from being completely divided up into spheres of influence by foreigners was?
distrust among the foreign powers
the Berlin conference?
divided Africa among European countries and the United States
Which future state did not pass from Mexico to the United States as part of the 1848 Treat of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
eh HEH
the key to social reform in Russia was?
emancipation of the serfs
in the early 19th century, the Ottoman Sultan Selim III?
embarked on a program to remodel his army along the lines of European forces. reform continued from earlier- limit tax, increase ag. prod. end corruption
for most of the last 50 years of the Qing dynasty, China was ruled by?
empress dowager Cixi
the revolutions of the late 18 and early 19 centuries helped to spread Enlightenment ideals and?
encouraged the consolidation of national states as the principal form of political organization (strong national identities were formed)
What were the core beliefs of Ram Mohan Roy?
end the practice of sati, improving the status of women, sought to bring Hindu spirituality to bear on the problems and conditions of his time
canada, argentina, uruguay, south africa, australia, and new zealand..?
experienced economic growth through the export of primary products and the infusion of foreign capital and labor
the Suez Canal was essential for?
facilitating the building and maintenance of empires by enabling naval vessels to travel rapidly between the world's seas and oceans
the Boers were?
farmers
After the American Civil War, the southern states?
fashioned a rigidly segregated society that deprived blacks of educational, economic, and political opportunities
over the long haul, trade unions?
gradually improved the lives of working people and reduced the likelihood of proletariat revolution of industrial capitalist society
in response to Indian resistance, the British in 1909?
granted a limited franchise that allowed wealthy Indians to elect representatives to local legislative councils
after the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1870?
guaranteed no denial of suffrage to US citizens based on "race, color, or previous conditions of servitude"
Napolean's "Civil Code"?
helped stabilize French society. affirmed political/legal equality for all men & individuals qualified for education because of talent. protected private property. restored patriarchal authority in family
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in his "Social Contract", argued that in every country the sovereign voice of government..?
in an ideal society all individuals would participate directly in the formulation of policy and creation of laws "IS THE PEOPLE"
Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick were joined together as the Dominion of Canada..?
in the British North America Act of 1867- each province had its own seat of government, provincial legislature, and lieutenant government representing the British crown
which of the following reasons account for the large number of languages that have become extinct during the period from 1500 to 2000?
increased contact among formerly isolated groups and subsequent human migrations into lands already occupied
industrialization..?
industrial production--> wealth and a large portion flowed to the middle class. Family went through change during period; less common for family to work in groups
beginning in the 19 century, industrializing lands experienced a social change known as the demographic transition when..?
industrialization transformed societies and fertility began a decline. short run-mortality fell even faster than fertility so populations continued to increase
the leaders of the Convention hoped to hold off invading counterrevolutionary forces by?
instituting the "levee en masse" (mass levy) or universal conscription that drafted people and resources for use in the war against invading forces
In the 1880s Otto von Bismarck..?
introduced medical insurance, unemployment compensation, and retirement pensions to provide social security for working people in industrial society in Germany
James Watt's steam engine did not adapt well to transportation uses because...?
it consumed too much coal
Argentine president Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, in his book "Facundo: Civilization and Barbarism", proposed that?
it was necessary for Buenos Aires to bring discipline to the disorderly Argentine countryside
in 1906, the Indian National Congress?
joined forces with the All-Indian Muslim League (the most prominent organization working to advance the political and social interests of Muslims)
the Mexican politician Ponciano Arriaga called for?
land reform
William Wilberforce..?
leading spokesman of antislavery movement. English who was elected to Parliament
the 1905 Bloody Sunday massacre eventually..?
led to revolution and the establishment of the Duma, Russia's first parliamentary institution
among the leading proponents of conservatism in the 18 century was?
liberalism
which of the following Young Turk proposals caused the most dissension in the empire?
making Turkish the official language of the empire
during the rule of the Directory?
members were unable to resolve the economic and military problems in revolutionary France
Louis Riel was the leader of the?
metis and indigenous people of western Canada
the battle of Omdurman?
opened the door for British colonial rule in Sudan
as part of the Russian reforms, during the reign of Alexander II the government created zemstvos..?
or elected district assemblies
the British Calico Acts of 1720 and 1721..?
prohibited imports of printed cotton cloth and restricted the sale of calicoes at home
one of the chief reasons that the framers of the US Constitution were opposed to abolishing slavery was?
recognized the sanctity of private property, including slaves
Cuadillos were?
regional military leaders
what did Marx refer to as the "opiate of the masses"?
religion
the leaders of the French Revolution..?
repudiated existing society and sought to replace it with the new political, social, and cultural structures
in response to the "Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen"..?
revolutionary leaders dismissed her appeal and refused to consider women's rights..they executed her in 1793
Marx suggested that music, art, and literature?
served the purposes of capitalists since they amused the working classes and diverted attention from their misery
Marx and the communists believed that private property..?
should be abolished and worked toward the institution of a radically egalitarian society
the victory of the northern states in the US Civil War meant that?
slavery would end in the US, the US would remain politically united, and it enhanced the authority of the federal government in the American republic
the invention of the flying shuttle..?
sped up the weaving process and stimulated demand for thread
James Watt invented a more efficient steam pump when?
steam engines burned coal to boil water and create steam
Henry Bessemer's innovations made it possible to produce cheaper..?
steel
the War of 1812?
stimulated a sense of unity against an external threat
according to Marx, all of human history had been a history of?
struggles between social classes
Under British control, Ceylon became a major producer of?
tea
New France passed into British control after?
the British victory in the Seven Years' War
the event that best displayed Japan's rise to the level of a world power was their victory in?
the Chinese and Russian empires
the great epic poem that expressed the life of the gaucho and lamented its decline was?
the Gaucho Martin Fierro
Tsar Alexander II was assassinated in 1881 by?
the Land and Freedom Party
Emilio Aguinaldo led an uprising in?
the Philippines
Rudyard Kipling's poem, "The White Man's Burden", was actually meant to inspire the Americans to colonize?
the Philippines
Benito Juarez was?
the President of Mexico who led La Reform which aimed to limit the power of the military the ROman Catholic church in Mexican society
the United States occupied Cuba, Puerto Rice, Guam, and the Philippines after its victory in?
the Spanish-Cuban-American War
the term "manifest destiny" is associated with what country?
the United States
Theodore Herzl was the founder of?
the World Zionist Organization
the first efficient means of contraception without negative side effects was?
the condom
in terms of the industrial development of the United States in the late 19th century, the most important economic development was?
the construction of railroad lines that linked all US regions and helped create an integrated national economy
the term "social Darwinism" is associated with?
the domination of European imperialists over subject peoples as the inevitable result of natural scientific principles
the dominant form of industrial organization in Europe, the United States, and Japan by the end of the 19 century was?
the factory
Muhammad Ali was?
the general who built a powerful army based on European forces and ruled egypt- remained nominally subordinate to the Ottoman sultan
the Sino-Japanese War began with a dispute over?
the status of Korea
the Meiji reformers actively copied the western Europeans and Americans because?
they wanted to obtain the knowledge and expertise to strengthen the Japanese and win revisions of unequal treaties
while women in France and Latin America did not win the right to vote until after the Second World War, American and British women gained the franchise...?
to vote in 1920 and 1928
after the conclusion of the American Civil War, freed blacks?
underwent a program of social and political Reconstruction - extended civil rights to freed slaves and provided black men with voting rights. had not received land grants so many had to work as sharecroppers for former slave owners
Lin Zexu?
was given the task of destroying the opium trade
Sultan Abdul Hamid II?
was pushed to accept a constitution and establish rep.government-- within a year; suspended constitution, ruled autocratically for 30 years, developed army/admin. according to Tanzimat principles
the Treaty of Waitangi?
was signed by Maori leaders which presumably designed to place New Zealand under British protection- actually signaled coming of official British colonization in New Zealand
which of the following was not a rebellion that threatened China in the 19th century?
was: Nian, Muslim, Tungan, Taiping
which of the following was not one of the principles of the Taiping Rebellion?
was: abolition of private property, creation of communal wealth to be shared according to needs, prohibition of footbinding/concubinage,free public education, literacy for the masses, simplification of written language
which of the following was not a problem that plagued Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and south and southeast Asia?
was: attracted little foreign investment and developed little mechanical industry. foreign owners controlled plantations that produced exported crops and most profits went abroad. low wages of plantation workers.
which of the following was not one of the foundations of the Meiji Restoration?
was: centralize political power, abolition of daimyo/samurai classes, converted grain tax into a fixed-money tax, constitution limited authority of the Diet (monarchy with legislature), emperor had right to dissolve parliament, remodeling the economy (telegraph, railroad, abolished tariffs, etc)
which of the following is not one of the reasons for the victory of the northern states in the US Civil War?
was: emancipation struck at heart of the southern war effort since slaves made up a huge portion of the region's labor force, north brought considerable resources to the war effort- 90% of the country's industrial capacity and 2/3 of its railroad lines
which of the following was not one of the leading principles of the Young Turks?
was: universal suffrage, equality before the law, freedom of religion, free public education, secularization of the state, emancipation of women
Edmund Cartwright was responsible for the invention of the?
water driven power loom
the goal of Simon Bolivar was to?
weld the former Spanish colonies of South America into a great confederation like the USA
the Luddites?
were an organized band of English handicaft workers who destroyed textile machines that they blamed for their unemployment ( after machine centered factories became popular)
the working conditions of the growing Russian industrial class in St. Petersburg and Moscow?
were miserable
the US invasion of Canada in the War of 1812?
were repelled by Canadians which promoted sense of Canadian pride, and anti-US sentiments became a means for covering differences among French/British canadians
in Japan, industrialization took place..?
when imperial authorities pushed it and hired foreign experts to instruct Japanese workers in techniques of modern industry
the growing demand for cotton cloth in the 18 century threatened British..?
wool producers who persuaded Parliament to pass laws to protect the domestic wool industry