AP BIO EXAM PT 3

There exists on a remote coastal island 1,000 reindeer. Some of the deer have spots on their fur coat of the body. Spots are a recessive genetic condition (s). Most deer have solid brown fur. Solid brown fur is associated with possessing a dominant allele (S). Of the 1000 deer, 100 have spots. What is the frequency of the heterozygous genomic deer on the island?

0.0 (with margin: 0.0)

For the above population of bats, how many are homozygous recessive bats?

1280.0 (with margin: 0.0)

Within a given population of 4000 vampire bats in Africa, the dominant allele frequency for long ear hairs is 0.2. What are the given population number? Homozygous Dominant Bats ____________

160.0 (with margin: 0.0)

How many dominant alleles would there be for the above bat population?

1600.0 (with margin: 10.0)

The following events occur when a mammalian immune system first encounters a pathogen. Place them in correct sequence, and then choose the answer that that indicates that sequence. Pathogen is neutralized and removed from the body. B Lymphocytes secrete antibodies to rid the blood of the pathogen. Antigenic determinants from pathogen bind to antigen receptors on T helper lymphocytes. B and T Lymphocytes specific to antigenic determinants from pathogen become numerous. Only memory cells remain.

3, 4, 2, 1, 5

How many recessive alleles would there be for the above bat population?

6400.0 (with margin: 10.0)

The following questions refer to the table below, which compares the % sequence homology of four different parts (2 introns and 2 exons) of a gene that is found in five different eukaryotic species. Each part is numbered to indicate its distance from the promoter (e.g., Intron I is that closest to the promoter). The data reported for Species A were obtained by comparing DNA from one member of species A to another member of Species A. Based on the tabular data, and assuming that time advances vertically, which cladogram (a type of phylogenetic tree) is the most likely depiction of the evolutionary relationships among these five species?

D

Which statement about the beak size of finches on the island of Daphne Major during prolonged drought is true?

Each bird's survival was strongly influenced by the depth and strength of its beak as the drought persisted.

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane) to a given recipient (Jane's cousin Bob), even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions. Which of the following might account for this?

Jane's blood type is a match to Bob's but her MHC proteins are not.

Genetic variation for various traits within a species is favored by natural selection. Sexual reproducing organisms have three major ways to increase genetic variation during the complete process of reproduction. Which of the following is NOT a method of creating genetic variation in the process of sexual reproduction?

Mitotic replication of cells needed to create the muscular womb of a woman.

During drought years on the Galapagos, small, easily eaten seeds become rare, leaving mostly large, hard-cased seeds that only birds with large beaks can eat. If a drought persists for several years, what should one expect to result from natural selection?

More small-beaked birds dying than larger-beaked birds. The offspring produced in subsequent generations have a higher percentage of birds with large beaks.

The pesticide DDT was widely used in the 1940's as a method of insect control. In the late 1950's, the first DDT-resistant mosquitoes were discovered and eventually DDT-resistant mosquitoes were found globally. When DDT is used now, the development of DDT resistance in mosquito populations occurs in months rather than years. Which of the following best explains the observations concerning DDT resistance in mosquitoes?

Natural selection favors DDT-resistant mosquitoes that are already present in a population when DDT exposure occurs.

Which statement best describes the evolution of pesticide resistance in a population of insects?

Offspring of insects that are genetically resistant to the pesticide become more abundant as the susceptible insects die off.

The data below demonstrates the frequency of tasters and nontasters of a certain compound in four isolated populations that are in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. The allele for nontasters is recessive. In which population is the frequency of the recessive allele highest?

Population 2

Direct cell-to-cell contact, as seen below, is an important means of communication among various types of leukocytes involved in the specific immune response. Select the correct justification that identifies the type of leukocyte that is shown. (The purple portion on top is the Antigen-presenting cell engulfing a pathogen.)

The greeen cell is a helper T cell that is interacting with a macrophage MHC-2 and is in the process of trying to assess the antigen particle of a potential pathogen.

Morphologically, Species A is very similar to four other species, B—E. Yet the nucleotide sequence deep within an intron in a gene shared by all five of these eukaryotic species is quite different in Species A compared to that of the other four species when one studies the nucleotides present at each position.

The nucleotide sequence of Species A should have long sequences that are nearly identical to those of the other species, but offset in terms of position number

The scientist used restriction enzymes for what purpose in the experiment?

To make cuts in the plasmid DNA

Which statement about natural selection is most correct

Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring, and thus contribute more to the next generation's gene pool, than do poorly adapted individuals.

What is bioinformatics?

a method that uses very large national and international databases to access and work with sequence information

If the HMS Beagle had completely bypassed the Galapagos Islands, Darwin would have had a much poorer understanding of the

ability of populations to undergo modification as they adapt to a particular environment.

The phenomenon of fusion is likely to occur when, after a period of geographic isolation, two populations meet again and

an increasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of generations

Males of one species sing only when its predators are absent; males of another species sing only when its predators are present.

behavioral

Which of the following could prevent the appearance of the symptoms of an allergy attack?

blocking the attachment of the IgE antibodies to the mast cells

A microarray known as a GeneChip, with most now known human protein coding sequences, has recently been developed to aid in the study of human cancer by first comparing twothree subsets of cancer subtypes. What kind of information might be gleaned from this GeneChip to aid in cancer prevention?

evidence that might suggest how best to treat a person's cancer with chemotherapy.

Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing

gene flow

A defining characteristic of allopatric speciation is

geographic isolation.

The correct sequence, from the most to the least comprehensive, of the taxonomic levels listed here is

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

In Darwin's thinking, the more closely related two different organisms are, the

more recently they shared a common ancestor.

Naturally acquired passive immunity would involve the

placental transfer of antibodies

A rapid method of speciation that has been important in the history of flowering plants is

polyploidy.

The best classification system is that which most closely

reflects evolutionary history.

Which of the following cut DNA molecules at specific locations?

restriction enzymes

When using a cladistic approach to systematics, which of the following is considered most important for classification?

shared derived characters

Beetle pollinators of a particular plant are attracted to its flowers' bright orange color. The beetles not only pollinate the flowers, but they mate while inside of the flowers. A mutant version of the plant with red flowers becomes more common with the passage of time. A particular variant of the beetle prefers the red flowers to the orange flowers. Over time, these two beetle variants diverge from each other to such an extent that interbreeding is no longer possible. What kind of speciation has occurred in this example, and what has driven it?

sympatric speciation, habitat differentiation

The origin of a new plant species by hybridization, coupled with accidents during nuclear division, is an example of

sympatric speciation.

One species mates at the season when daylight is increasing from 13 hours to 13 hours, 15 minutes; another species mates at the season when daylight is increasing from 14 hours to 14 hours, 15 minutes.

temporal

The four-chambered hearts of birds and the four-chambered hearts of mammals evolved independently of each other. If one were unaware of this independence, then one might logically conclude that

the common ancestor of birds and mammals had a four-chambered heart.

Bioinformatics includes all of the following except

using molecular biology to combine DNA from two different sources in a test tube