AP Biology chapter 3
Which of the following are classified as lipids?
oils and waxes
What is removed during the formation of nucleic acid polymers?
phosphates (2)
What is a diacylglycerol 3-phosphate?
phosphatidate
Dehydration synthesis leads to the formation of what?
polymers
Cellulose and starch are examples of ________?
polysaccharides
Besides its use in hormone production, for what does the body use cholesterol?
production of bile salts
What is found in RNA that is not in DNA?
ribose and uracil
Which of the following is a function of proteins in cells?
structure
Of what are phospholipids important components?
the plasma membrane of animal cells
Which structural level of proteins is most often associated with their biological function?
the primary structure (?)
The α-helix and the β-pleated sheet are part of which protein structure?
the secondary structure
What may a nucleotide of DNA contain?
deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group
Which of the following bodily process would most likely be hindered by a lack of water in the body?
digestion
The word hydrolysis is defined as the lysis of water. How does this apply to polymers?
Polymers break by separating water into hydrogen and hydroxyl group that are added to the monomers.
Which statement describes some of the differences between cellulose and starch?
Starch is unbranched, and cellulose is branched. Both molecules are found in plants.
Which of the following characteristics is not true for saturated fats?
They tend to dissolve in water easily.
What is DNA's structure described as?
a double helix
What type of bond joins the molecules in the disaccharide lactose? What molecule is joined with glucose to form lactose?
a glycosidic bond between glucose and galactose
Which type of body cell would have a higher amount of cholesterol in its membrane?
a liver cell
What is a protein's chaperone?
a second protein that completes the quaternary structure
What is cholesterol specifically classified as?
a steroid
What are the monomers that make up proteins called?
amino acids
What type of protein facilitates or accelerates chemical reactions?
an enzyme
What is the smallest type of RNA?
miRNA
Where is cholesterol found in cell membranes?
attached to the outer side of the membrane
Where is the linkage made that combines two amino acids?
between the R group of one amino acid and the R group of the second
What makes up the outer layer of some insects?
carbohydrate
Plant cell walls contain which of the following in abundance?
cellulose
Which of the following may cause a protein to denature?
changes in pH high temperatures the addition of some chemicals
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
nucleotides
Why is it impossible for humans to digest food that contains cellulose?
Human digestive enzymes cannot break down the β -1,4 glycosidic linkage in cellulose, which requires a special enzyme that is absent in humans.
In the metabolism of the cell, why is hydrolysis used?
Hydrolysis is used to break down polymers.
Which hormones are made from cholesterol?
estradiol and testosterone
What is the basic structure of a steroid?
four fused hydrocarbon rings
What is an example of a monosaccharide?
fructose
During the breakdown of polymers, which of the following reactions takes place?
hydrolysis
Energy is released as a result of which of the following chemical reactions?
hydrolysis
Where is the largest amount of DNA found in a eukaryotic cell?
in the nucleus
Which fat serves as an animal's major form of energy storage?
triglycerides
Which fat has the least number of hydrogen atoms?
unsaturated fat
What is structurally different about cellulose when compared to starch?
ß-1,4 glycosidic linkages are used