AP Biology- Chapter 4 Test

ribosomes

) Some key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor are membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following organelles or features is likely to be a common component shared by both eukaryotic cells and their prokaryotic ancestors? A) chloroplasts B) nuclear envelope C) ribosomes D) mitochondria

producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins

A cell with an abundance of free ribosomes is most likely A) producing primarily cell wall or extracellular matrix components. B) producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins . C) enlarging its vacuole. D) producing primarily proteins for secretion. E) producing primarily an abundance of new membranes.

isolate organelles to examine their biological functions.

Biologists commonly use cell fractionation to A) examine the distribution of organelles within the cell. B) sort cells based on their size and weight. C) isolate organelles to examine their biological functions. D) visualize the 3-D structure of cell membranes.

mitochondria.

Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the A) lysosomes. B) ribosomes. C) peroxisomes. D) mitochondria.

lysosomes

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes? A) peroxisomes B) lysosomes C) central vacuoles D) mitochondria

proteins

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? A) nucleic acids B) lipids C) cellulose D) proteins E) glycogen

gap junctions

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells? A) extracellular matrix B) gap junctions C) tight junctions D) peroxisomes E) desmosomes

on the plasma membrane

The chemical reactions involved in respiration in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are virtually identical. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In light of the endosymbiont theory for the evolutionary origin of mitochondria, where is most ATP synthesis likely to occur in prokaryotic cells? A) in the cytoplasm B) on the plasma membrane C) on the nucleoid membrane D) on the endoplasmic reticulum

endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger host cellNthe endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria.

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved A) evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi. B) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using scavenger bacterium in a larger host cellNthe endosymbiont evolved into lysosomes. C) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger host cellNthe endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. D) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using photosynthetic bacterium in a larger host cellNthe endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria.

smooth ER

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells? A) nuclear envelope B) Golgi apparatus C) smooth ER D) rough ER E) lysosomes

plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.

The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. B) animal cells are spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated. C) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells. D) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.

ER Golgi vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? A) ER lysosomes vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane B) nucleus ER Golgi C) ER Golgi nucleus D) ER Golgi vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

primary cell wall plasma membrane cytoplasm vacuole

When a potassium ion (K+) moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion? A) plasma membrane primary cell wall cytoplasm vacuole B) primary cell wall plasma membrane cytoplasm vacuole C) secondary cell wall plasma membrane primary cell wall cytoplasm vacuole D) primary cell wall plasma membrane lysosome cytoplasm vacuole E) primary cell wall plasma membrane cytoplasm secondary cell wall vacuole

the relative size and weight of the component.

When subcellular components from disrupted cells are separated using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component remains in the liquid solution or ends up in the pellet is A) the relative size and weight of the component. B) how hydrophobic the component is. C) the relative solubility of the component. D) the carbohydrate composition of the component.

peroxisome

Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen? A) peroxisome B) vacuole C) lysosome D) mitochondrion E) Golgi apparatus

phagocytic white blood cell

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes? A) bacterial cell B) muscle cell C) nerve cell D) phagocytic white blood cell

rough ER transport vesicle Golgi transport vesicle lysosome plasma membrane

Which of the following correctly describes the pathway taken by a protein destined for secretion from an animal cell? A) Golgi rough ER transport vesicle plasma membrane B) plasma membrane transport vesicle Golgi transport vesicle rough ER C) rough ER transport vesicle Golgi transport vesicle lysosome plasma membrane D) rough ER transport vesicle Golgi transport vesicle plasma membrane E) rough ER transport vesicle lysosome transport vesicle plasma membrane

ribosome

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? A) nuclear envelope B) chloroplast C) mitochondrion D) ribosome

endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following may be found in eukaryotic cells, but not in bacteria? A) plasma membrane B) endoplasmic reticulum C) flagella D) DNA E) ribosomes

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? A) lysosome B) mitochondrion C) peroxisome D) Golgi apparatus

protein modification and sorting

Which of the following statements correctly describes a function of the Golgi apparatus? A) protein modification and sorting B) assembly of ribosomal subunits C) synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins D) detoxification of toxins

mitochondria

Which of the following will be found in nearly all eukaryotic cells? A) nucleoid B) mitochondria C) capsule D) chloroplast E) cell wall

mitochondrion

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes? A) Golgi apparatus B) vacuole C) rough ER D) mitochondrion E) peroxisome

mitochondrion

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? A) chloroplast B) centriole C) mitochondrion D) wall made of cellulose

chloroplast

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system? A) Golgi apparatus B) chloroplast C) plasma membrane D) nuclear envelope

rough ER

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell? A) lysosomes B) Golgi vesicles C) free cytoplasmic ribosomes D) smooth ER E) rough ER

microtubule; muscle contraction

Which structure-function pair is mismatched? A) Golgi; protein trafficking B) ribosome; protein synthesis C) microtubule; muscle contraction D) nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunits

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) lysosome C) ribosome D) mitochondrion