A.P Biology Quiz #1
In living organisms, lipids function mainly as
Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes
Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable. Which statement best explains what selectively permeable means?
The cell membrane lets certain substances enter the cell and keeps certain substances out of the cell.
Which statement indicates one difference between the gene that codes for insulin and the gene that codes for testosterone in humans? Which sequence best represents the correct order of these stages?
The gene for insulin has a different sequence of molecular bases than the gene for testosterone
A green plant is kept in a brightly lit area for 48 hours. What will most likely occur if the light intensity is reduced slightly during the next 48 hours?
The rate at which oxygen is released from the plant will decrease.
The enzyme beta-galactosidase is involved in a certain chemical reaction. What will most likely happen if beta-galactosidase is not available?
The rate of the reaction will change
Which statement describes a similarity between all enzymes, antibodies, and hormones?
Their chemical structure is critical to their ability to function
Which statement describes starches, fats, proteins, and DNA?
They are complex molecules made from smaller molecules.
What is the function of transfer RNA molecules in the synthesis of proteins?
They pick up and transport amino acids to the ribosomes
Which term best defines a bacteria that can survive without oxygen?
anaerobic
Centrioles are cell structures involved primarily in
animal cell divison
Some deep-sea bacteria live near submerged volcanoes and make their own food using energy derived from minerals coming from the volcanoes. These bacteria would be classified as
autotrophic
In which type of molecule is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen usually 2 to 1?
carbohydrate
Which group of organic molecules includes glycogen and starch?
carbohydrates
The respiratory system includes a layer of cells in the air passages that clean the air before it gets to the lungs. This layer of cells is best classified as
cell membrane
Which sequence of terms is in the correct order from simplest to most complex?
cells —> tissues → organs → organ systems
The temporary storage of energy in ATP molecules is part of which process?
cellular respiration
A sequence of three nitrogenous bases in a messenger-RNA molecule is known as a
codon
Which change in a sample of pond water could indicate that microscopic animals are active?
decrease in oxygen level
The process by which glucose is converted to a polysaccharide
dehydration synthesis
In a portion of a DNA molecule, the nitrogenous base sequence is T-C-G-A-A-T. Which nitrogenous base sequence would normally be found bonded to this section of the gene?
deoxyribose
According to the theory of biological evolution, most present-day species of organisms
descended from earlier, different species of organisms
Like humans, animals including dogs and cats get goose bumps. On a cold day, these goose bumps cause their coats to expand creating a layer of insulation. If the animal is scared, the coat will also expand making the animal look larger to predators. These responses serve as examples of?
detection and response to stimuli
Which is an example of evolution
development of the modern chimpanzees and humans from a common ancestor
Which cell organelle is composed of a series of channels throughout the cytoplasm that functions in the transport of molecules?
endoplasmic reticulum
. The removal of carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes from an organism illustrates the life function known as
excretion
The way a protein molecule is folded determines the shape of the molecule, which determines the
function of that protein
Muscle cells in athletes often have more mitochondria than muscle cells in nonathletes. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that the muscle cells in athletes
have a greater demand for energy than the muscle cells of non-athletes
For a given trait, the two alleles in the genotype are not alike. An individual possessing this gene combination is said to be
heterozygous for that trait
Normally, when the concentration of glucose in the blood falls below a certain level, stored glucose re-enters the blood until the original concentration is reached again. What is this process of regulating the concentration of blood glucose an example of?
homeostasis
The process by which digestive enzymes catalyze the breakdown of larger molecules to smaller molecules with the addition of water is known as
hydrolysis
Which term is defined as all the chemical reactions that are required to sustain life?
metabolism
overall changes in a population of a species can be best explained by
natural selection
Within a eukaryotic cell, where is the DNA mainly found?
nucleus
Which two cell structures work together in the process of protein synthesis?
nucleus and ribosome
Which sequence correctly represents the arrangement of structures containing genetic material, from the largest to the smallest size?
nucleus → chromosome → gene
In heterotrophs, energy for life processes comes from chemical energy stored in the bonds of what type of molecule or compound?
organic compounds
Certain poisons are toxic to organisms because they interfere with the function of the mitochondria. This results directly in the inability of the cell to
release energy from nutrients
In the cells of the human body, oxygen molecules are used directly in a process that
releases energy
When DNA separates into two strands, the DNA would most likely be directly involved in
replication
Which life function is primarily involved in the conversion of the energy stored in food to a form directly usable by a cell?
respiration
Which cell organelle is most directly involved with the bonding of amino acids?
ribosomes
Even though human proteins are synthesized from only 20 different amino acids, there are thousands of different proteins found in human cells. This great variety of proteins is possible because the
sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein
In plants, glucose is converted to cellulose, and in human muscle cells, glucose is converted to glycogen. These processes are examples of which life activity?
synthesis
A cell in the leaf of a corn plant contains more chloroplasts than a cell in the stem of a corn plant. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that, when compared to the cell in the stem, the cell in the leaf
synthesizes more sugar
natural selection
the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in inherited charachteristics
a fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranged in a complex three-dimensional shape, this shape determines the?
the specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction.
Which base is normally used in the synthesis of RNA but not in the synthesis of DNA
uracil
Evolution can occur at different rates; however, for evolution to occur there must be:
variations within a species
Hospital patients are often given intravenous fluids (IVs) to maintain proper levels of water and salts in the body. Great care is used in preparing these solutions. If a manufacturer accidentally prepared a batch of IV fluid that contained distilled water, harm to the patient if this incorrectly prepared IV fluid was used is that
water would move into body cells and cause them to burst
A single gene mutation results from
A change in the base sequence of DNA
Which phrase best describes a gene?
A segment of a DNA molecule that contains the instructions for producing a trait in an organism
The energy used to obtain, transfer, and transport materials within an organism comes directly from
ATP
what is common to all cells?
All cells divide to form new cells
a stable ecosystem would not contain
Consumers without producers
Which statement about enzymes is not correct?
Enzymes are destroyed when they are used and must be synthesized for each reaction
.The DNA of a fly and the DNA of a gorilla are made up of subunits that are
In different sequences in each of the two species