A.P Biology Quiz #1

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In living organisms, lipids function mainly as

Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes

Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable. Which statement best explains what selectively permeable means?

The cell membrane lets certain substances enter the cell and keeps certain substances out of the cell.

Which statement indicates one difference between the gene that codes for insulin and the gene that codes for testosterone in humans? Which sequence best represents the correct order of these stages?

The gene for insulin has a different sequence of molecular bases than the gene for testosterone

A green plant is kept in a brightly lit area for 48 hours. What will most likely occur if the light intensity is reduced slightly during the next 48 hours?

The rate at which oxygen is released from the plant will decrease.

The enzyme beta-galactosidase is involved in a certain chemical reaction. What will most likely happen if beta-galactosidase is not available?

The rate of the reaction will change

Which statement describes a similarity between all enzymes, antibodies, and hormones?

Their chemical structure is critical to their ability to function

Which statement describes starches, fats, proteins, and DNA?

They are complex molecules made from smaller molecules.

What is the function of transfer RNA molecules in the synthesis of proteins?

They pick up and transport amino acids to the ribosomes

Which term best defines a bacteria that can survive without oxygen?

anaerobic

Centrioles are cell structures involved primarily in

animal cell divison

Some deep-sea bacteria live near submerged volcanoes and make their own food using energy derived from minerals coming from the volcanoes. These bacteria would be classified as

autotrophic

In which type of molecule is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen usually 2 to 1?

carbohydrate

Which group of organic molecules includes glycogen and starch?

carbohydrates

The respiratory system includes a layer of cells in the air passages that clean the air before it gets to the lungs. This layer of cells is best classified as

cell membrane

Which sequence of terms is in the correct order from simplest to most complex?

cells —> tissues → organs → organ systems

The temporary storage of energy in ATP molecules is part of which process?

cellular respiration

A sequence of three nitrogenous bases in a messenger-RNA molecule is known as a

codon

Which change in a sample of pond water could indicate that microscopic animals are active?

decrease in oxygen level

The process by which glucose is converted to a polysaccharide

dehydration synthesis

In a portion of a DNA molecule, the nitrogenous base sequence is T-C-G-A-A-T. Which nitrogenous base sequence would normally be found bonded to this section of the gene?

deoxyribose

According to the theory of biological evolution, most present-day species of organisms

descended from earlier, different species of organisms

Like humans, animals including dogs and cats get goose bumps. On a cold day, these goose bumps cause their coats to expand creating a layer of insulation. If the animal is scared, the coat will also expand making the animal look larger to predators. These responses serve as examples of?

detection and response to stimuli

Which is an example of evolution

development of the modern chimpanzees and humans from a common ancestor

Which cell organelle is composed of a series of channels throughout the cytoplasm that functions in the transport of molecules?

endoplasmic reticulum

. The removal of carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes from an organism illustrates the life function known as

excretion

The way a protein molecule is folded determines the shape of the molecule, which determines the

function of that protein

Muscle cells in athletes often have more mitochondria than muscle cells in nonathletes. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that the muscle cells in athletes

have a greater demand for energy than the muscle cells of non-athletes

For a given trait, the two alleles in the genotype are not alike. An individual possessing this gene combination is said to be

heterozygous for that trait

Normally, when the concentration of glucose in the blood falls below a certain level, stored glucose re-enters the blood until the original concentration is reached again. What is this process of regulating the concentration of blood glucose an example of?

homeostasis

The process by which digestive enzymes catalyze the breakdown of larger molecules to smaller molecules with the addition of water is known as

hydrolysis

Which term is defined as all the chemical reactions that are required to sustain life?

metabolism

overall changes in a population of a species can be best explained by

natural selection

Within a eukaryotic cell, where is the DNA mainly found?

nucleus

Which two cell structures work together in the process of protein synthesis?

nucleus and ribosome

Which sequence correctly represents the arrangement of structures containing genetic material, from the largest to the smallest size?

nucleus → chromosome → gene

In heterotrophs, energy for life processes comes from chemical energy stored in the bonds of what type of molecule or compound?

organic compounds

Certain poisons are toxic to organisms because they interfere with the function of the mitochondria. This results directly in the inability of the cell to

release energy from nutrients

In the cells of the human body, oxygen molecules are used directly in a process that

releases energy

When DNA separates into two strands, the DNA would most likely be directly involved in

replication

Which life function is primarily involved in the conversion of the energy stored in food to a form directly usable by a cell?

respiration

Which cell organelle is most directly involved with the bonding of amino acids?

ribosomes

Even though human proteins are synthesized from only 20 different amino acids, there are thousands of different proteins found in human cells. This great variety of proteins is possible because the

sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein

In plants, glucose is converted to cellulose, and in human muscle cells, glucose is converted to glycogen. These processes are examples of which life activity?

synthesis

A cell in the leaf of a corn plant contains more chloroplasts than a cell in the stem of a corn plant. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that, when compared to the cell in the stem, the cell in the leaf

synthesizes more sugar

natural selection

the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in inherited charachteristics

a fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranged in a complex three-dimensional shape, this shape determines the?

the specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction.

Which base is normally used in the synthesis of RNA but not in the synthesis of DNA

uracil

Evolution can occur at different rates; however, for evolution to occur there must be:

variations within a species

Hospital patients are often given intravenous fluids (IVs) to maintain proper levels of water and salts in the body. Great care is used in preparing these solutions. If a manufacturer accidentally prepared a batch of IV fluid that contained distilled water, harm to the patient if this incorrectly prepared IV fluid was used is that

water would move into body cells and cause them to burst

A single gene mutation results from

A change in the base sequence of DNA

Which phrase best describes a gene?

A segment of a DNA molecule that contains the instructions for producing a trait in an organism

The energy used to obtain, transfer, and transport materials within an organism comes directly from

ATP

what is common to all cells?

All cells divide to form new cells

a stable ecosystem would not contain

Consumers without producers

Which statement about enzymes is not correct?

Enzymes are destroyed when they are used and must be synthesized for each reaction

.The DNA of a fly and the DNA of a gorilla are made up of subunits that are

In different sequences in each of the two species


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