AP Chem Unit 3.5: Kinetic Molecular Theory
The distribution of speeds of H2(g) molecules at 273 K and 1 atm is shown in the diagram above. Which of the following best shows the speed distribution of He(g) atoms under the same conditions of temperature and pressure?
A; the graph in which the He line peaks up to the left of the H line
Refer to the following. PCl5(g) ⇄ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) PCl5(g) decomposes into PCl3(g) and Cl2(g) according to the equation above. A pure sample of PCl5(g) is placed in a rigid, evacuated 1.00 L container. The initial pressure of the PCl5(g) is 1.00 atm. The temperature is held constant until the PCl5(g) reaches equilibrium with its decomposition products. The figures below show the initial and equilibrium conditions of the system. Which of the following is the most likely cause for the increase in pressure observed in the container as the reaction reaches equilibrium?
An increase in the number of molecules, which increases the frequency of collisions with the walls of the container
In which flask do the molecules have the greatest average speed?
B; flask of N2
A sample of an ideal gas is cooled from 50.0oC to 25.0oC in a sealed container of constant volume. Which of the following values for the gas will decrease? I. The average molecular mass of the gas II. The average distance between the molecules III. The average speed of the molecules
III only
Equal numbers of moles of He(g), Ar(g), and Ne(g) are placed in a glass vessel at room temperature. If the vessel has a pinhole-sized leak, which of the following will be true regarding the relative values of the partial pressures of the gases remaining in the vessel after some of the gas mixture has effused?
PHe < PNe < PAr
The volume of a sample of air in a cylinder with a movable piston is 2.0 L at a pressure P1, as shown in the diagram above. The volume is increased to 5.0 L as the temperature is held constant. The pressure of the air in the cylinder is now P2. What effect do the volume and pressure changes have on the average kinetic energy of the molecules in the sample?
The average kinetic energy stays the same.
A rigid metal tank contains oxygen gas. Which of the following applies to the gas in the tank when additional oxygen is added at constant temperature?
The average speed of the gas molecules remains the same.
Two flexible containers for gases are at the same temperature and pressure. One holds 0.50 gram of hydrogen and the other holds 8.0 grams of oxygen. Which of the following statements regarding these gas samples is FALSE?
The average speed of the hydrogen molecules is the same as the average speed of the oxygen molecules.
The graph above shows the distribution of molecular speeds for four different gases at the same temperature. What property of the different gases can be correctly ranked using information from the graph, and why?
The molecular masses of the gases, because the gas molecules have the same average kinetic energy and mass can be calculated using the equation KEavg=12mv2 .
The average kinetic energy of the gas molecules is
the same in all three containers