AP Enviro Chapter 24

Hazardous waste accounts for approximately what percent of the U.S. waste stream?

1%

Based on the data provided in the associated figure, glass, metals, and plastics represent what percentage of municipal solid waste?

25.6%

Every ton of recycled paper saves approximately:

A. 17 trees B. 7000 gal of water C. 4100 kilowatt-hours of energy D. 3 cubic yards of landfill space

All of the following are major categories of hazardous waste

A. acids B. heavy metals C. organic solvents D. radioactive waste

A benefit of sanitary landfills over "open dumps" is that:

A. clay liners at the bottom of the landfill help prevent groundwater pollution B. a soil cover minimizes the escape and dispersal of offensive odors C. they have systems designed to collect leachate D. they tend to have fewer rodents than open dumps

What factors should be considered to make an "ideal" sanitary landfill?

A. geology B. proximity to nearby surface and ground water C. proximity to population centers but far enough to not be offensive D. does not require high transportation costs to deliver solid waste

Which of the following represent potential markets for compost from municipal solid waste composting programs?

A. landscapers B. greenhouses C. golf courses D. farmers

The Hanford Nuclear Reservation is located along which U.S. river?

Columbia River, Washington

Which of the following does not contribute to municipal solid waste production?

Dioxins are known to cause several kinds of cancer in laboratory animals, but data on humans are conflicting.

The area in the United States that had the distinction of being the first ever declared a national emergency area because of toxic waste is:

Love Canal, NY

Which of the following statements about landfills is false?

Most sanitary landfills in operation today meet current standards for new landfills.

Incineration is a particularly effective method to destroy _______.

PCBs

Which of the following forms of hazardous waste is incorrectly paired with a source of the waste?

PCBs - composting

Using the data in the associated figure, what are the three largest components of municipal solid waste?

Paper, yard waste, and food waste

Which of the following acts contains provisions that attempt to reduce the amount of pollution at the point of origin, rather than mitigating the damage caused by the production and release of pollutants into the environment?

Pollution Prevention Act

Which of the following statements about recycling automobiles is false?

Recycling the scrap iron and steel actually produces more air pollution than using new materials.

Which of the following statements about the Hanford Nuclear Reservation is true?

The cleanup is being conducted under the direction of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Which of the following does not contribute to municipal solid waste production?

agriculture

The three largest producers of solid waste in the United States are:

agriculture, industry, and mining

The most successful recycling program in the United States involves:

aluminum cans

Tires are a problem in sanitary landfills because they:

collect water and provide a good breeding place for mosquitoes

Organic waste can be converted into valuable soil conditioners through the process of:

composting

Responsibility for disposing of or reusing a product after it becomes obsolete is known as:

cradle-to-cradle accounting

The term for crushed glass containers, which can then be melted and used by manufactures to make new products, is:

cullet

Which of the following does not explain why there are fewer sanitary landfills today than 20 years ago?

fewer landfills are needed because less municipal solid waste in produced today than in the past

Which of the following would not be recycled?

food scraps

__________ is the most significant environmental problem associated with improper disposal of hazardous waste.

groundwater pollution

The largest dioxin polluters in the United States are probably:

hospital waste incinerators

Over half of the municipal solid waste produced in the United States is disposed of:

in sanitary landfills

Which of the following correctly identifies one of the goals of waste prevention?

increase reuse of products

Bioremediation:

involves the use of microorganisms to clean up a contaminated site

Plastics are the fastest growing component of solid waste, largely due to the contribution of:

packaging

The largest single component of municipal solid waste in the United States is:

paper products

The materials in municipal solid waste that are best for incineration are:

paper, plastics, and rubber

All of the following are possible problems associated with incineration except:

production of heat to produce electricity

All of the following are major categories of hazardous waste except:

sewage

The country with the highest percentage of recycled municipal waste is:

the United States

The country with the highest solid waste production per capita is:

the United States

A good example of source reduction would be:

the lighter weight of aluminum cans compared to 30 years ago

One of the problems associated with sanitary landfills is:

the possibility of a methane gas explosion

One reason that only a small percentage of plastic is recycled is that:

there are many different kinds of plastic found in consumer products

Why are refillable glass beverage bottles rarely used in the United States today?

transportation costs of heavy bottles to and from centralized bottling plants

Integrated waste management refers to:

waste management techniques that involve reusing, recycling, and reducing