AP environmental science unit 1

increase in number of shrews, decrease in number of hawks

Based on the data in the table, if the number of snakes were to suddenly decrease, which of the following changes would most likely occur in the food web of this ecosystem? (A)increase in number of shrews decrease in number of hawks(B)increase in number of hawks decrease in number of shrews(C)increase in number of grasshoppers decrease in number of plants(D)increase in number of spiders decrease in number of plants

Photosynthesis

Based on the diagram above, which of the following processes reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

sediment

Based on the diagram, which of the following reservoirs contains the most phosphorus?

Hawks and snakes

ConsumerOrganisms that are being eaten Shrews Hawks Grasshoppers Snakes Spiders Plants Shrews X Hawks X X Grasshoppers X SnakesX Spider X Based on the data in the table, which of the following pairs of organisms has two ecological relationships, both competition and predation?

The chance of survival decreases when there is intraspecific competition for resources among surviving yearlings.

In a fish species, the number of eggs that hatch and survive for one year varies depending on the number of eggs that were produced. As the number of eggs produced increases past a threshold number, the survival rate of the offspring decreases. Which of the following statements best explains why only a limited number of offspring can survive in a fish population?

150 kcal

In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000 kcal of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Which of the following is the most likely amount of energy available to secondary consumers?

3

In the nitrogen cycle illustrated above, nitrification occurs in which of the following steps?

Forest A has a higher rate of decomposition by bacteria than forest B.

Scientists calculated the net primary productivity at two different forest sites. Both forests have the same gross primary productivity. Forest A has a net primary productivity of 1,650 kcal/m2/year and forest B has a net primary productivity of 1,110 kcal/m2/year. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data?

Increased infiltration

The diagrams above show an area that was once a pasture that has since undergone changes to the vegetation over time. Which of the following changes in the hydrologic cycle is most likely to occur as a result of the change in vegetation in the area?

Desert

This biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures year-round.

Savanna

This biome is characterized by long dry seasons and is dominated by grasses, shrubs, and grazing animals.

Ice caps and glaciers

Where is the majority of fresh water found on Earth?

B

Which letter correctly identifies a process of the hydrologic cycle in which the phase of water is changed from a liquid to a gas?

D

Which letter correctly identifies the part of the hydrologic cycle that is most directly affected by impervious building materials, such as concrete and asphalt?

Intestinal bacteria inhabit the gut of humans.

Which of the following best describes a symbiotic relationship?

Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

Which of the following best describes gross primary productivity in an ecosystem?

Energy is harnessed by producers, and available energy decreases with each trophic level transfer.

Which of the following best describes the movement of energy in an ecosystem?

Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

Which of the following best describes the net primary productivity of an ecosystem?

A large proportion of energy is lost as heat as it is transferred up the pyramid, so there is not enough energy available to support another level.

Which of the following best explains why terrestrial trophic pyramids usually do not have levels higher than tertiary consumers?

Decomposers

Which of the following categories of organisms, which are required for the cycling of matter in an ecosystem, is missing from the table?

There is not a gaseous phase of the phosphorus cycle, and therefore the movement of phosphorus into oceanic reservoirs is very slow.

Which of the following is the best explanation for why there is such a small amount of phosphorus that moves into aquatic systems?

the ocean

Which of the following major storage reservoirs of carbon, stored in the form of carbon dioxide, is not represented in this diagram?

Denitrifying bacteria and volcanic activity

Which of the following pathways indicate how nitrogen is added to the largest nitrogen reservoir?

Phosphorus and nitrogen are both required for plant growth.

Which of the following would best describe X in the diagram above?