AP EURO CHAPTER 15
constitutionalism
A form of government in which power is limited by law and balanced between the authority and power of the government on the one hand, and the rights and liberties of the subjects or citizens on the other hand; could include constitutional monarchies or republics.
republicanism
A form of government in which power resides in the people and is exercised by their elected representatives
millet system
A system used by the Ottomans whereby subjects were divided into religious communities, with each millet (nation) enjoying autonomous self-government under its religious leaders.
gathered all power under their personal control.
Absolutist monarchs were ones who
hohenzollerns
After the fifteenth century, Prussia was ruled by
accepted the need for a permanent standing army.
As a result of their agreements with the Hohenzollerns, the Prussian Junkers, or nobility,
maintained an extravagant lifestyle, which in turn forced higher rents on the peasants.
During Spain's long seventeenth-century decline, the aristocrats
forcing lifelong conscription.
Frederick William I transformed Prussia into a military state by
taxing the Junkers in exchange for reconfirming their traditional privileges.
Frederick William, the "Great Elector," strengthened his power by
Cossacks
Free groups and outlaw armies originally comprising runaway peasants living on the borders of Russian territory from the fourteenth century onward. By the end of the sixteenth century they had formed an alliance with the Russian state.
independent farmers
In seventeenth-century western Europe, the leaders of peasant villages came from which social group?
Peace of Utrecht 1713
It set limits on the expansion of any one power and thereby put the balance-of-power principle into operation.
supporting old and new industries, especially textiles.
Jean-Baptiste Colbert's mercantilist policies in France involved
Test Act
Legislation passed by the English parliament in 1673 to secure the position of the Anglican Church by stripping Puritans, Catholics, and other dissenters of the right to vote, preach, assemble, hold public office, and attend or teach the universities
new techniques, training, and taxes.
Maintaining a permanent standing army required
a stilted and rigid society.
One of the results of Prussian militarization was
who was to succeed to the Spanish throne after the death of Charles II.
The War of the Spanish Succession in 1701 was fought over
janissary corps
The core of the sultan's army, composed of slave conscripts from non-Muslim parts of the empire; after 1683 it became a volunteer force.
the breakdown of the truce between Catholics and Protestants.
The creation of the Protestant Union in 1608 and the Catholic League in 1609 signified
the decline of silver mining in the Americas.
The decline of Spain in the seventeenth century was precipitated by
women and mothers who led the riots in expressing need, not greed.
Urban poor and peasant riots often involved
France
What European state took the lead in building professional armed forces during the seventeenth century?
It set limits on the expansion of any one power and thereby put the balance-of-power principle into operation.
What did the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 accomplish?
The urban population was reduced by one-third and the rural population by two-fifths, and trade and agriculture were greatly disrupted.
Which of the following was a consequence of the Thirty Years' War?
allowed Protestants the right to worship in 150 towns across France.
With the Edict of Nantes in 1598, Henry IV
30 years war
a civil war in Bohemia between the Catholic League and the Protestant Union.
mercantilism
a nation's power was based on its wealth, and to accumulate that wealth, a country had to sell more than it bought abroad.
peace of utrecht
a series of treaties from 1713-1715 that ended the war of Spanish Succession, ended french expansion in europe, and marked the rise of the British Empire
Fronde
a series of violent uprisings during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing royal control and increased taxation
mercantilism
a system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state based on the behalf that a nation's international power was based on its wealth, specifically its supply of gold and silver
Albert of Wallenstein
catholic imperial army led by _____ swept through Silesia, north to the Baltic and and east smashing victories
puritans
members of a 16th and 17th century reform movement within the church of england that advocated purifying it of Roman Catholic elements like bishops, elaborate ceremonies, and wedding rings
protectorate
the english military dictatorship established by oliver cromwell following the execution of Charles I
stadholder
the executive officer in each of the united provinces of the netherlands, a position often held by princes of the orange
boyars
the highest ranking members of the Russian nobility
Peace of Westphalia
the name of a series of treaties that concluded the thirty years war in 1648 and marked the end of large-scale religious violence in Europe
Junkers
the nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia, they were reluctant allies of Frederick WIlliam in the consolidation of the Prussian state
sultan
the ruler of the ottoman empire, he owned all the agricultural land of the empire and was served by an army and bureaucracy composed of highly trained slaves
constitutionalist government
were obliged to respect the laws passed by the representative institutions.
