AP Euro Chapter 22 Test

Franziska Tiburtius

German woman physician

Madame Bovary

Gustave Flaubert tells the story of a frustrated middle-class housewife who has a sordid and adulterous love affair in his masterpiece

A switch from horse-drawn to electric streetcars made cities cleaner (less horse poop), and made it easier for people to get from one place to another, allowing to spread out/ease overpopulation.

How did electric streetcars affect industrial cities?

He was struck by how competitive people were in London

In Primary Source 22.1: First Impressions of the World's Biggest City, how did the anonymous man from the country view life in London?

an advocate of improved public sanitation

In the nineteenth century, Edwin Chadwick gained fame as

Protestantism in Northern Europe

Max Weber, the most prominent and influential late-nineteenth century sociologist, argued that the rise of capitalism was directly linked to

electricity

One of the most important scientific and technological developments in the 19th century saw a form of commercial energy useful in communications and manufacturing developed from

through bad odors of decay and filth

Prior to Pasteur's discovery, how did many people believe diseases were spread?

Paris went from being a dark labyrinth of overcrowded streats to having wide, open boulevards with trees and plenty of space. New railroads connected one part of the city to another, allowing the city to grow in land area and ease overcrowding by easing travel.

Provide two ways in which Paris in 1900 differed from Paris in 1848

attempted to observe and record life in an objective manner

Realist writers fit within the late-nineteenth-century glorification of science because they

the greatest good for the greatest number

Utilitarianism was Jeremy Bentham's idea that social policies should promote

the repeal of the laws

What resulted from the Ladies National Association's protest against the British Contagious Disease Acts in the nineteenth century?

Human love, trust, and everyday family ties are life's enduring values

What was Count Leo Tolstoy's central message in "War and Peace"?

rebuilding Paris

What was Georges Haussmann's contribution to nineteenth-century life?

excrement from outhouses could be carried off by water through sewers at low cost

What was a central component of the improvements in sanitation in the nineteenth cenutury?

the burst of industrial creativity and technological innovation that promoted strong economic growth toward the end of the nineteenth century

What was the Second Industrial Revolution?

the promotion of the "greatest good for the greatest number"

What was the basic principle of philosopher Jeremy Bentham's utilitarianism?

Diseases were caused by specific living organisms that could be controlled

What was the breakthrough implication of Louis Pasteur's work?

The human race was driven by an unending economic struggle that would determine the survival of the fittest

What was the core concept of Social Darwinism?

his assertion that characteristics parents acquired in the course of their lives could be passed on to their offspring by heredity

What was the flaw in Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's theory of evolution?

nearly all land was used for buildings, which meant parks or open areas were almost nonexistent

Which of the following characterizes early-nineteenth-century British cities?

most could hire a full-time maid to cook and clean

Which statement describes middle-class households of the nineteenth century?

Gustave Flaubert

Who wrote Madame Bovary?

the higher incidence of marriage for expectant mothers

Why did illegitimacy rates decline after 1850?

They sought to analyze the massive sets of numerical data that governments had collected

Why did social scientists develop statistical methods to test their theories?

thermodynamics

a branch of physics built on Sir Isaac Newton's laws of mechanics that investigated the relationship between heat and mechanical energy

Joseph Lister

a surgeon who grasped the connection between aerial bacteria and wound infection; Englishman; creates antiseptic

Edwin Chadwick

believed that government could help prevent disease by cleaning up the urban environment

Pasteur

developed the germ theory of disease

Robert Koch

doctor who led the way in German identification and study of harmful bacteria

all life had gradually evolved from a common ancestral origin

After years of scientific investigation and reflection, Charles Darwin concluded that