AP Euro Chapter 23

What was the first and most important of the Great Reforms in Russia?

Abolishing of Serfdom

Why did Louis Napoleon have success with the economy?

He encouraged new banks and railroads

Marxist socialists organized themselves into what kind of an organization?

International organizarion

What was the Second International?

An association of socialist groups

Why did Prussia and Austria attack Denmark in 1864?

Because Denmark wanted to bring 2 German provinces into the more centralized Danish state.

What is the Kulturkampf?

Bismarck's attacks on the Catholic Church

How did Louis Napoleon believe that people should be represented in government?

By a strong national leader whose reforms would aid all of the people.

Nationalism can be unifying but also leads to what?

Competition

After the Franco-Prussian War, Prussia imposed a harsh peace on which country?

France

Why did Bismarck enact high tariffs on grain from the United States, Canada, and Russia in 1878?

He sought to win support from the Catholic centers and Protestant junkers

In the 1890s, how did Sergei Witte seek to transform Russia?

Implemented industrial policies to catxh up with the West.

Why did Louis Napoleon increase the power of the Catholic Church and deprive poor men of the right to vote?

In order to get the national assemble to

In nineteenth-century Italy, Giuseppe Garibaldi was a hardline socialist, liberal technocrat, visionary industrialist, or romantc nationalist?

Nationalist

Centralized institutions, universal military inscription, and boasting images of historical events were all reasons what idea grew?

Nationalism

Racism was used to justify what?

Oppression and imperialism

What effect did the Dreyfus affair have on late nineteenth-century France?

Reveived republican distriss of Catholicism

What was crucial to the success of Count Camillo Benso di Cavour's plan to unify northern Italy in the nineteenth century?

Secret alliance of Napoleon III against Austria

Why did the conservative Bismarck pioneer the creation of an expansive system of social welfare?

Sought blunt the attraction of socialism to the middle class and give them a small stake in the existing political system

In 1871 who was emancipated in the German Empire?

The Jewish

In the early twentieth century, why were extensive social welfare programs slow to form in Great Britain?

The conservative aristocratic house of lords resisted the formation of such programs until the king threatened to replace them

What event directly prompted the Great Reforms in Russia?

The defeat during the Crimean War

What was the Russian zemstvo?

The institution for local government established by great reform

How did the process of Italian unification survive the French betrayal of Sardinia in its effort to unify Italy?

The national princes of Italy overthrew their governments

How did labor unions in Germany change in the early 1900s?

They increasingly focused on bread-and-butter issues rather than on the dissemination of socialist doctrine.

Why did socialist parties become more moderate by the late 1800s?

They now had voting and worker reforms. They believed in revisionism (the belief that you don't need revolutions anymore, problems can be solved through politics and labor unions)

How did German Social Democrats recover their losses in the 1907 election and become the largest party in the Reichstag in 1912?

They took on a more patriotic tone and brought in their

What was the political goal of creating free, compulsory elementary education in late nineteenth century France?

To act as a nation building tool

What German Emperor forced Bismarck to resign?

Wilhelm II